多藓种监测大气重金属污染方法改进
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摘要
为弥补单藓种监测途径的弊端,克服因藓种分布区局限或不均匀带来的欠缺,本文通过引入多藓种监测和参考苔藓标样技术途径,采用ICP-AES和ICP-MS技术对洪泽湖区域的18种地面藓类植物体内重金属含量进行测定和分析,以研究多藓种监测途径和藓类种间校正方法.同时,测定了欧洲标准藓样M2和M3中的重金属含量,对实验仪器误差进行评估.结果表明,藓类植物中重金属含量差异显著.根据藓类对元素富集能力的不同将藓类分为4类:一般型、富集型、富集/排斥型和排斥型,本研究推荐一般型和富集型藓类应用于江苏省大气重金属沉降监测.对M2和M3中金属含量的推荐值和实测值进行对比,发现M2和M3中金属含量的实测值与推荐值的差异在15%以内,显示本实验采用的ICP-AES和ICP-MS设备精密度良好.根据洪泽湖区细叶小羽藓Haplocladium microphyllum的重金属含量建立了适宜本地重金属监测的种间校准因子,并建议不同地区采用多种藓类监测大气时,应根据当地的苔藓物种建立单独的种间校准方法.
This article introduced a technical approach of multi-moss monitoring combined with the reference moss sample measurement to remedy the disadvantages of single-moss indication method which may have shortcomings due to limited or uneven distribution of the moss species. In order to develop a multiple-moss monitoring pathway and an interspecific calibration of multiple mosses, samples of 18 terrestrial bryophyte species were collected over the territory of Hongze Lake region and the concentrations of several heavy metals in these samples were determined and analyzed by using ICP-AES and ICP-MS techniques. Simultaneously, heavy metal concentrations in the European standard samples M2 and M3 were measured to evaluate the error of the experimental instruments. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in different mosses were significantly different. According to their differential capacity for heavy metal enrichment, mosses could be separated into four categories: general mosses, enrichment mosses, enrichment/exclusion mosses, and exclusion mosses. General and enrichment mosses were recommended to be applied for monitoring the atmospheric heavy metal deposition in Jiangsu Province. Furthermore, the variation between the obtained and recommended concentrations in M2 and M3 was found to be less than 15%, indicating that the precision of ICP-AES and ICP-MS is quite high. Based on the heavy metal concentrations of Haplocladium microphyllum in Hongze Lake region, an interspecific calibration factor suitable for local heavy metal monitoring was established. It was suggested that when using the multiple-moss monitoring approach for air deposition surveys in various areas, specific calibration factors may be set up according to the local bryophyte species.
This article introduced a technical approach of multi-moss monitoring combined with the reference moss sample measurement to remedy the disadvantages of single-moss indication method which may have shortcomings due to limited or uneven distribution of the moss species. In order to develop a multiple-moss monitoring pathway and an interspecific calibration of multiple mosses, samples of 18 terrestrial bryophyte species were collected over the territory of Hongze Lake region and the concentrations of several heavy metals in these samples were determined and analyzed by using ICP-AES and ICP-MS techniques. Simultaneously, heavy metal concentrations in the European standard samples M2 and M3 were measured to evaluate the error of the experimental instruments. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in different mosses were significantly different. According to their differential capacity for heavy metal enrichment, mosses could be separated into four categories: general mosses, enrichment mosses, enrichment/exclusion mosses, and exclusion mosses. General and enrichment mosses were recommended to be applied for monitoring the atmospheric heavy metal deposition in Jiangsu Province. Furthermore, the variation between the obtained and recommended concentrations in M2 and M3 was found to be less than 15%, indicating that the precision of ICP-AES and ICP-MS is quite high. Based on the heavy metal concentrations of Haplocladium microphyllum in Hongze Lake region, an interspecific calibration factor suitable for local heavy metal monitoring was established. It was suggested that when using the multiple-moss monitoring approach for air deposition surveys in various areas, specific calibration factors may be set up according to the local bryophyte species.
引文
Allajbeu S,Qarri F,Marku E,et al.2017.Contamination scale of atmospheric deposition for assessing air quality in Albania evaluated from most toxic heavy metal and moss biomonitoring[J].Air Quality Atmosphere & Health,10(5):587-599
安丽,曹同,俞膺浩.2006a.不同苔藓植物对重金属富集能力的比较[J].上海师范大学学报(自然科学版),35(6):64-70
安丽,曹同,俞鹰浩.2006b.上海市小羽藓属植物重金属含量及其与环境的关系[J].应用生态学报,17(8):1490-1494
Balabanova B,Stafilov T,?ajn R,et al.2017.Bioindication ability of Hypnum cupressiforme and Homolothecium lutescens for determination of arsenic distribution in environment[J].Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences,15(1/2):15-26
Berisha S,Skudnik M,Vilhar U,et al.2017.Trace elements and nitrogen content in naturally growing moss Hypnum cupressiforme in urban and peri-urban forests of the municipality of Ljubljana (Slovenia)[J].Environmental Science & Pollution Research,24(5):4517-4527
Brown D H.1984.Uptake of Mineral Elements and Their Use in Pollution Monitorin//Dyer A F,Duckett J G,eds.The Experimental Biology of Bryophytes[M].London:Academic Press
Capozzi F,Adamo P,Di P A,et al.2017.Sphagnum palustre clone vs native Pseudoscleropodium purum:A first trial in the field to validate the future of the moss bag technique[J].Environmental Pollution,225:323-328
Carballeira C B,Aboal J R,Fernández J A,et al.2008.Comparison of the accumulation of elements in two terrestrial moss species[J].Atmospheric Environment,42(20):4904-4917
Clarke F W,Washington H S.1924.The Composition of the Earth′s Crust[M].Reston:United State Geological Survey
De Nicola F,Spagnuolo V,Baldantoni D,et al.2013.Improved biomonitoring of airborne contaminants by combined use of holm oak leaves and epiphytic moss[J].Chemosphere,92(9):1224-1230
方炎明,魏勇,张晓平,等.2000.苔藓生物监测大气重金属污染研究进展[J].南京林业大学学报,(5):64-68
方炎明.2010.苔藓与城市空气重金属污染:监测评价方法与新近应用[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),28(4):69-74
Folkeson L.1979.Interspecies calibration of heavy-metal concentrations in nine mosses and lichens:-Applicability to deposition measurements[J].Water Air & Soil Pollution,11(2):253-260
付兰,张朝晖.2012.贵州省新路卡林型金矿区苔藓植物多样性及重金属污染监测[J].植物研究,32(5):636-640
Galsomiès L,Ayrault S,Carrot F,et al.2003.Interspecies calibration in mosses at regional scale-heavy metal and trace elements results from Ile-de-France[J].Atmospheric Environment,37(2):241-251
Gorelova S,Babicheva D E,Frontasyeva M,et al.2016.Trace element accumulating ability of different moss species used to study atmospheric deposition of heavy metals in central Russia:Tula region case study[J].International Journal of Biology and Biomedical Engineering,10:271-285
Harmens H,Norris D,Mills G.2013.Heavy metals and nitrogen in mosses:spatial patterns in 2010/2011 and long-term temporal trends in Europe[C].ICP Vegetation Programme Coordination Centre,Centre for Ecology and Hydrology.Bangor(UK):63
Harmens H,Norris D A,Sharps K,et al.2015.Heavy metal and nitrogen concentrations in mosses are declining across Europe whilst some “hotspots” remain in 2010[J].Environmental Pollution,200(2):93-104
Harmens H,Norris D A,Steinnes E,et al.2010.Mosses as biomonitors of atmospheric heavy metal deposition:Spatial patterns and temporal trends in Europe[J].Environmental Pollution,158(10):3144-3156
Hu R,Yan Y,Zhou X,et al.2018.Monitoring Heavy metal contents with Sphagnum junghuhnianum moss bags in relation to traffic volume in Wuxi,China[J].International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health,15(2):374
Ite A E,Udousoro I I,Ibok U J.2014.Distribution of some atmospheric heavy metals in lichen and moss samples collected from Eket and Ibeno local government areas of Akwa Ibom State,Nigeria[J].American Journal of Environmental Protection,2(1):22-31
Jiang Y,Fan M,Hu R,et al.2018.Mosses are better than leaves of vascular plants in monitoring atmospheric heavy metal pollution in urban areas[J].International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health,15(6):1105
Kluge M.2013.Accounting for canopy drip effects of spatiotemporal trends of the concentrations of N in mosses,atmospheric N depositions and critical load exceedances:a case study from North-Western Germany[J].Environmental Sciences Europe,25(1):1-13
Lazo P,Steinnes E,Qarri F,et al.2018.Origin and spatial distribution of metals in moss samples in Albania:A hotspot of heavy metal contamination in Europe[J].Chemosphere,190:337-349
黎彤,倪守斌.1997.中国大陆岩石圈的化学元素丰度[J].地质与勘探,(1):31-37
李莎,沈蕾,于晶,等.2012.江苏省苔藓植物新记录属种[J].上海师范大学学报(自然科学版),41(3):307-311
梁鹏,杨永奎,何磊,等.2008.贡嘎山原始森林区苔藓植物重金属含量及其对汞的吸附特征[J].应用生态学报,19(6):1191-1196
Liu C,Zhou P,Fang Y.2016.Monitoring airborne heavy metal using mosses in the city of Xuzhou,China[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology,96(5):638-644
Maxhuni A,Lazo P,Kane S,et al.2016.First survey of atmospheric heavy metal deposition in Kosovo using moss biomonitoring[J].Environmental Science & Pollution Research,23(1):744-755
Meyer M,Schr?der W,Nickel S,et al.2015.Relevance of canopy drip for the accumulation of nitrogen in moss used as biomonitors for atmospheric nitrogen deposition in Europe[J].Science of the Total Environment,538(4):600-610
Piairo H,Menezes R,Sousa I,et al.2014.Spatial modeling of factor analysis scores[J].Environmental Science & Pollution Research,21(23):13420-13433
Qarri F,Lazo P,Bekteshi L,et al.2015.The effect of sampling scheme in the survey of atmospheric deposition of heavy metals in Albania by using moss biomonitoring[J].Environmental Science & Pollution Research,22(3):2258-2271
Qarri F,Lazo P,Stafilov T,et al.2014a.Multi-elements atmospheric deposition study in Albania[J].Environmental Science & Pollution Research,21(4):2506-2518
Qarri F,Lazo P,Stafilov T,et al.2014b.Survey of atmospheric deposition of Al,Cr,Fe,Ni,V,and Zn in Albania by using moss biomonitoring and ICP-AES [J].Air Quality Atmosphere & Health,7(3):297-307
Schr?der W,Nickel S,Sch?nrock S,et al.2016.Erratum to:Spatially valid data of atmospheric deposition of heavy metals and nitrogen derived by moss surveys for pollution risk assessments of ecosystems[J].Environmental Science & Pollution Research,23(11):10457-10476
Schr?der W,Pesch R,Hertel A,et al.2013.Correlation between atmospheric deposition of Cd,Hg and Pb and their concentrations in mosses specified for ecological land classes covering Europe[J].Atmospheric Pollution Research,4(3):267-274
Schr?der W,Pesch R,Matter Y,et al.2009.Trend der Schwermetall-Bioakkumulation 1990 bis 2005:Qualit?tssicherung bei Probenahme,Analytik,geostatistischer Auswertung[J].Umweltwissen- schaften und Schadstoff-Forschung,21(6):549-574
沈蕾.2011.江苏北部城市苔鲜植物多样性及生态研究[D].上海:上海师范大学
Sloof J E,Wolterbeek B T.1993.Interspecies comparison of lichens as biomonitors of trace element air pollution[J].Environmental Monitoring & Assessment,25(2):149-157
Smodi? B,Bleise A.2007.IAEA quality control study on determining trace elements in biological matrices for air pollution research[J].Journal of Radioanalytical & Nuclear Chemistry,271(2):269-274
.Biomonitoring of air pollution with mercury in Croatia by using moss species and CV-AAS[J].Environmental Monitoring & Assessment,186(7):4357-66
Steinnes E,Rühling ?,Lippo H,et al.1997.Reference materials for large-scale metal deposition surveys[J].Accreditation & Quality Assurance,2(5):243-249
Tabors G,Nikodemus .Assessment of atmospheric pollution with heavy metals and nitrogen using Pleurozium schreberi mosses as bioindicator in Latvia:spatial and temporal aspects[J].Environmental and Experimental Biology,15:143-150
Vingiani S,Nicola F D,Purvis W O,et al.2015.Active biomonitoring of heavy metals and PAHs with mosses and lichens:a case study in the cities of Naples and London[J].Water Air & Soil Pollution,226(8):240
魏树和,杨传杰,周启星.2008.三叶鬼针草等7种常见菊科杂草植物对重金属的超富集特征[J].环境科学,29(10):2912-2918
Wolterbeek H T,Kuik P,Verburg G,et al.1995.Moss interspecies comparisons in trace element concentrations[J].Environmental Monitoring & Assessment,35(3):263-286
吴鹏程.1998.苔藓植物生物学[M].北京:科学出版社
徐丹丹,刘畅,方炎明.2017.扬州市不同行政区域空气重金属污染评价[J].环境科学学报,37(2):493-502
Yan Y,Zhang Q,Wang G G,et al.2016.Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals in Wuxi,China:estimation based on native moss analysis[J].Environmental Monitoring & Assessment,188(6):1-8
张政,曹同,王剑,等.2006.江苏省苔藓植物新纪录[J].上海师范大学学报(自然科学版),35(1):75-78
中国科学院中国孢子植物志委员会.1994.中国苔藓志[M].北京:科学出版社
Zhou X,Chen Q,Liu C,et al.2017.Using moss to assess airborne heavy metal pollution in Taizhou,China[J].International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health,14(4):430,DOI:10.3390/ijerph14040430
安丽,曹同,俞膺浩.2006a.不同苔藓植物对重金属富集能力的比较[J].上海师范大学学报(自然科学版),35(6):64-70
安丽,曹同,俞鹰浩.2006b.上海市小羽藓属植物重金属含量及其与环境的关系[J].应用生态学报,17(8):1490-1494
Balabanova B,Stafilov T,?ajn R,et al.2017.Bioindication ability of Hypnum cupressiforme and Homolothecium lutescens for determination of arsenic distribution in environment[J].Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences,15(1/2):15-26
Berisha S,Skudnik M,Vilhar U,et al.2017.Trace elements and nitrogen content in naturally growing moss Hypnum cupressiforme in urban and peri-urban forests of the municipality of Ljubljana (Slovenia)[J].Environmental Science & Pollution Research,24(5):4517-4527
Brown D H.1984.Uptake of Mineral Elements and Their Use in Pollution Monitorin//Dyer A F,Duckett J G,eds.The Experimental Biology of Bryophytes[M].London:Academic Press
Capozzi F,Adamo P,Di P A,et al.2017.Sphagnum palustre clone vs native Pseudoscleropodium purum:A first trial in the field to validate the future of the moss bag technique[J].Environmental Pollution,225:323-328
Carballeira C B,Aboal J R,Fernández J A,et al.2008.Comparison of the accumulation of elements in two terrestrial moss species[J].Atmospheric Environment,42(20):4904-4917
Clarke F W,Washington H S.1924.The Composition of the Earth′s Crust[M].Reston:United State Geological Survey
De Nicola F,Spagnuolo V,Baldantoni D,et al.2013.Improved biomonitoring of airborne contaminants by combined use of holm oak leaves and epiphytic moss[J].Chemosphere,92(9):1224-1230
方炎明,魏勇,张晓平,等.2000.苔藓生物监测大气重金属污染研究进展[J].南京林业大学学报,(5):64-68
方炎明.2010.苔藓与城市空气重金属污染:监测评价方法与新近应用[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),28(4):69-74
Folkeson L.1979.Interspecies calibration of heavy-metal concentrations in nine mosses and lichens:-Applicability to deposition measurements[J].Water Air & Soil Pollution,11(2):253-260
付兰,张朝晖.2012.贵州省新路卡林型金矿区苔藓植物多样性及重金属污染监测[J].植物研究,32(5):636-640
Galsomiès L,Ayrault S,Carrot F,et al.2003.Interspecies calibration in mosses at regional scale-heavy metal and trace elements results from Ile-de-France[J].Atmospheric Environment,37(2):241-251
Gorelova S,Babicheva D E,Frontasyeva M,et al.2016.Trace element accumulating ability of different moss species used to study atmospheric deposition of heavy metals in central Russia:Tula region case study[J].International Journal of Biology and Biomedical Engineering,10:271-285
Harmens H,Norris D,Mills G.2013.Heavy metals and nitrogen in mosses:spatial patterns in 2010/2011 and long-term temporal trends in Europe[C].ICP Vegetation Programme Coordination Centre,Centre for Ecology and Hydrology.Bangor(UK):63
Harmens H,Norris D A,Sharps K,et al.2015.Heavy metal and nitrogen concentrations in mosses are declining across Europe whilst some “hotspots” remain in 2010[J].Environmental Pollution,200(2):93-104
Harmens H,Norris D A,Steinnes E,et al.2010.Mosses as biomonitors of atmospheric heavy metal deposition:Spatial patterns and temporal trends in Europe[J].Environmental Pollution,158(10):3144-3156
Hu R,Yan Y,Zhou X,et al.2018.Monitoring Heavy metal contents with Sphagnum junghuhnianum moss bags in relation to traffic volume in Wuxi,China[J].International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health,15(2):374
Ite A E,Udousoro I I,Ibok U J.2014.Distribution of some atmospheric heavy metals in lichen and moss samples collected from Eket and Ibeno local government areas of Akwa Ibom State,Nigeria[J].American Journal of Environmental Protection,2(1):22-31
Jiang Y,Fan M,Hu R,et al.2018.Mosses are better than leaves of vascular plants in monitoring atmospheric heavy metal pollution in urban areas[J].International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health,15(6):1105
Kluge M.2013.Accounting for canopy drip effects of spatiotemporal trends of the concentrations of N in mosses,atmospheric N depositions and critical load exceedances:a case study from North-Western Germany[J].Environmental Sciences Europe,25(1):1-13
Lazo P,Steinnes E,Qarri F,et al.2018.Origin and spatial distribution of metals in moss samples in Albania:A hotspot of heavy metal contamination in Europe[J].Chemosphere,190:337-349
黎彤,倪守斌.1997.中国大陆岩石圈的化学元素丰度[J].地质与勘探,(1):31-37
李莎,沈蕾,于晶,等.2012.江苏省苔藓植物新记录属种[J].上海师范大学学报(自然科学版),41(3):307-311
梁鹏,杨永奎,何磊,等.2008.贡嘎山原始森林区苔藓植物重金属含量及其对汞的吸附特征[J].应用生态学报,19(6):1191-1196
Liu C,Zhou P,Fang Y.2016.Monitoring airborne heavy metal using mosses in the city of Xuzhou,China[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology,96(5):638-644
Maxhuni A,Lazo P,Kane S,et al.2016.First survey of atmospheric heavy metal deposition in Kosovo using moss biomonitoring[J].Environmental Science & Pollution Research,23(1):744-755
Meyer M,Schr?der W,Nickel S,et al.2015.Relevance of canopy drip for the accumulation of nitrogen in moss used as biomonitors for atmospheric nitrogen deposition in Europe[J].Science of the Total Environment,538(4):600-610
Piairo H,Menezes R,Sousa I,et al.2014.Spatial modeling of factor analysis scores[J].Environmental Science & Pollution Research,21(23):13420-13433
Qarri F,Lazo P,Bekteshi L,et al.2015.The effect of sampling scheme in the survey of atmospheric deposition of heavy metals in Albania by using moss biomonitoring[J].Environmental Science & Pollution Research,22(3):2258-2271
Qarri F,Lazo P,Stafilov T,et al.2014a.Multi-elements atmospheric deposition study in Albania[J].Environmental Science & Pollution Research,21(4):2506-2518
Qarri F,Lazo P,Stafilov T,et al.2014b.Survey of atmospheric deposition of Al,Cr,Fe,Ni,V,and Zn in Albania by using moss biomonitoring and ICP-AES [J].Air Quality Atmosphere & Health,7(3):297-307
Schr?der W,Nickel S,Sch?nrock S,et al.2016.Erratum to:Spatially valid data of atmospheric deposition of heavy metals and nitrogen derived by moss surveys for pollution risk assessments of ecosystems[J].Environmental Science & Pollution Research,23(11):10457-10476
Schr?der W,Pesch R,Hertel A,et al.2013.Correlation between atmospheric deposition of Cd,Hg and Pb and their concentrations in mosses specified for ecological land classes covering Europe[J].Atmospheric Pollution Research,4(3):267-274
Schr?der W,Pesch R,Matter Y,et al.2009.Trend der Schwermetall-Bioakkumulation 1990 bis 2005:Qualit?tssicherung bei Probenahme,Analytik,geostatistischer Auswertung[J].Umweltwissen- schaften und Schadstoff-Forschung,21(6):549-574
沈蕾.2011.江苏北部城市苔鲜植物多样性及生态研究[D].上海:上海师范大学
Sloof J E,Wolterbeek B T.1993.Interspecies comparison of lichens as biomonitors of trace element air pollution[J].Environmental Monitoring & Assessment,25(2):149-157
Smodi? B,Bleise A.2007.IAEA quality control study on determining trace elements in biological matrices for air pollution research[J].Journal of Radioanalytical & Nuclear Chemistry,271(2):269-274
.Biomonitoring of air pollution with mercury in Croatia by using moss species and CV-AAS[J].Environmental Monitoring & Assessment,186(7):4357-66
Steinnes E,Rühling ?,Lippo H,et al.1997.Reference materials for large-scale metal deposition surveys[J].Accreditation & Quality Assurance,2(5):243-249
Tabors G,Nikodemus .Assessment of atmospheric pollution with heavy metals and nitrogen using Pleurozium schreberi mosses as bioindicator in Latvia:spatial and temporal aspects[J].Environmental and Experimental Biology,15:143-150
Vingiani S,Nicola F D,Purvis W O,et al.2015.Active biomonitoring of heavy metals and PAHs with mosses and lichens:a case study in the cities of Naples and London[J].Water Air & Soil Pollution,226(8):240
魏树和,杨传杰,周启星.2008.三叶鬼针草等7种常见菊科杂草植物对重金属的超富集特征[J].环境科学,29(10):2912-2918
Wolterbeek H T,Kuik P,Verburg G,et al.1995.Moss interspecies comparisons in trace element concentrations[J].Environmental Monitoring & Assessment,35(3):263-286
吴鹏程.1998.苔藓植物生物学[M].北京:科学出版社
徐丹丹,刘畅,方炎明.2017.扬州市不同行政区域空气重金属污染评价[J].环境科学学报,37(2):493-502
Yan Y,Zhang Q,Wang G G,et al.2016.Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals in Wuxi,China:estimation based on native moss analysis[J].Environmental Monitoring & Assessment,188(6):1-8
张政,曹同,王剑,等.2006.江苏省苔藓植物新纪录[J].上海师范大学学报(自然科学版),35(1):75-78
中国科学院中国孢子植物志委员会.1994.中国苔藓志[M].北京:科学出版社
Zhou X,Chen Q,Liu C,et al.2017.Using moss to assess airborne heavy metal pollution in Taizhou,China[J].International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health,14(4):430,DOI:10.3390/ijerph14040430