不同受害程度林分杨盾蚧空间分布格局地统计学分析
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摘要
杨盾蚧是广泛分布于新疆的严重影响杨树生产栽培的枝干刺吸类害虫。利用地统计学,将克拉玛依人工林作为研究对象,结合传统方法建立回归方程对不同受害程度林分以及混交林分内杨盾蚧分布的空间格局进行分析。结果表明,不同受害程度林分以及混交林建立空间模型具有明显差异性,分别为高斯模型(中度受害纯林、混交林)、指数模型(重度受害纯林)、线性模型(轻度受害纯林)。结合Kriging法表明,杨盾蚧空间呈斑块状分布,受害程度不同的林分内杨盾蚧种群空间格局具有一定的差异,纯林与混交林之间也存在较大差别。据此,对杨盾蚧空间分布格局差异的影响因素进行相应探讨与分析,混交林较于纯林发生虫害的可能性较小,且不具有扩散性;3种不同受害程度纯林中,虫害的发生呈现空间聚集性;重度受害纯林中,通过聚集点及扩散方向可以进行有效防治指导。
Diaspidiotus slavonicus(Green)is a piercing-sucking pest to the tree trunks and branches.It is widely distributed in Xinjiang and seriously affected the production and cultivation of poplar trees.Taking artificial forest in Karamay as the research object,this study used geostatistics method in combination with traditional methods to investigate the spatial distribution pattern of D.slavonicusin pure and mixed poplar forests with different damage degrees.The spatial models established were significantly different among the forests studied:Gaussian model(moderately-infested pure and mixed forest),exponential model(heavilyinfested pure forest),and linear model(lightly-infested forest).The combination of Kriging method indicated that D.slavonicus was in patchy distribution,Differences in spatial distribution were found not only among the pure poplar forests with different damage levels,but also among different stand types(pure and mixed forests).Based on the findings above mentioned,factors influencing spatial distribution of D.slavonicuswere discussed.It illustrated that between different forest types,the possibility of the occurrence of the pest in mixed forest was lower than that of pure poplar forest,and no pest diffusivity was observed in mixed forest.The pest occurrence in pure poplar forests with three different damage levels exhibited significant aggregation distribution.For the pure forest with severe damage level,effective prevention guidance could be conducted through aggregation points and the diffusive directions of D.slavonicus.
Diaspidiotus slavonicus(Green)is a piercing-sucking pest to the tree trunks and branches.It is widely distributed in Xinjiang and seriously affected the production and cultivation of poplar trees.Taking artificial forest in Karamay as the research object,this study used geostatistics method in combination with traditional methods to investigate the spatial distribution pattern of D.slavonicusin pure and mixed poplar forests with different damage degrees.The spatial models established were significantly different among the forests studied:Gaussian model(moderately-infested pure and mixed forest),exponential model(heavilyinfested pure forest),and linear model(lightly-infested forest).The combination of Kriging method indicated that D.slavonicus was in patchy distribution,Differences in spatial distribution were found not only among the pure poplar forests with different damage levels,but also among different stand types(pure and mixed forests).Based on the findings above mentioned,factors influencing spatial distribution of D.slavonicuswere discussed.It illustrated that between different forest types,the possibility of the occurrence of the pest in mixed forest was lower than that of pure poplar forest,and no pest diffusivity was observed in mixed forest.The pest occurrence in pure poplar forests with three different damage levels exhibited significant aggregation distribution.For the pure forest with severe damage level,effective prevention guidance could be conducted through aggregation points and the diffusive directions of D.slavonicus.
引文
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[17]夏鹏亮,王瑞,王昌军,等.恩施烟区无翅桃蚜在烤烟田空间动态的地统计学分析[J].生态学报,2014,34(5):1198-1204.XIA P L,WANG R,WANG C J,et al.Geostatistical analysison spatial dynamics of the apterous Myzus percicae in fluecured tobacco fields of Enshi tobacco area[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(5):1198-1204.(in Chinese)
[18]陈潜,许志春,张连生,等.褐梗天牛幼虫和成虫空间分布的地统计学研究[J].生态学报,2018,38(3):975-983.CHEN Q,XU Z C,ZHANG L S,et al.Geostatistical analysis of the spatial distribution of Arhopalus rusticus larvae and adults[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(3):975-983.(in Chinese)
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[20]向昌盛,袁哲明.地统计方法在昆虫学研究中的应用[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(17):191-194.
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[22]KARIMZADEH R,HEJAZI M J,HELALI H,et al.Analysis of the spatio-temporal distribution of Eurygsaster integriceps(Hemiptera:Scutelleride)by using spatial analysis by distance indices and geostatistics[J].Environmental Entomology,2011,40(5):1253-1265.
[23]DECANTE D,VAN HELDEN M.Spatial and temporal distribution of Empoasca vitis within a vineyard[J].Agricultural and Forest Entomology,2008,10(2):111-118.
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[25]朱生秀,张俊,王敏,等.营林措施及天敌对杨圆蚧的控制效果评价[J].新疆农业大学学报,2011,34(1):43-47.
[26]胡瑜珩,武海卫,许志春.云斑天牛幼虫空间分布格局的地统计学分析[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(5):165-171.HU Y H,WU H W,XU Z C.Geostistical analysis on spatial distribution pattern of the larvae of Batocera horsfieldi[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2015,30(5):165-171.(in Chinese)
[27]邵崇斌,徐振武,韩明耀.杨树蛀干害虫空间格局的研究[J].西北林学院学报,1997,12(Supp.):33-36.
[28]RICHARD E R,DAVID I M,ANDRE G I,et al.Geostatistical tools for modeling and interpreting ecological spatial dependence[J].Ecological Monographs,1992,62(2):277-314.
[2]王战,董世林.杨树生态学特性与成林规律的研究[J].国土与自然资源研究,1988(2):39-43.
[3]田国红.杨树苗木培育的简单技术介绍[J].吉林农业:学术版,2012(10):105.
[4]张东风.224团杨圆蚧种类鉴定、生物学特性及化学防治研究[D].塔里木:塔里木大学,2016.
[5]张克,赵游丽.杨笠圆盾蚧的生物学及其防治[J].应用昆虫学报,1984(1):34-35.
[6]何子顺,关晓媛,张峰.杨笠圆盾蚧对‘库尔勒香梨’的危害与防治[J].北方果树,2017(4):41-42.
[7]武三安.中国大陆有害蚧虫名录及组成成分分析(半翅目:蚧总科)[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(4):55-63.
[8]屈邦选,汤祊德.新疆园林蚧类及其区系[J].新疆八一农学院学报,1981(1):16-23.
[9]章一巧,宗世祥,刘永华,等.陕西省栎黄枯叶蛾蛹的空间分布[J].生态学报,2012,32(20):6308-6317.ZHANG Y Q,ZONG S X,LIU Y H,et al.Spatial distribution of Trabala vishnou gigantinayang pupae in Shaanxi Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(20):6308-6317.(in Chinese)
[10]丁岩钦.昆虫数学生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,1994:22-69.
[11]郑汉业,夏乃斌.森林昆虫生态学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1993:120-167.
[12]潘杰,王涛,宗世祥,等.红脂大小蠹种群空间格局地统计学分析及抽样技术[J].生态学报,2011,31(1):195-202.PAN J,WANG T,ZONG S X,et al.Geostatistical analysis and sampling technique on spatial distribution pattern of Dendroctonus valens population[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(1):195-202.(in Chinese)
[13]YNSEL T Y,ERSOY A,CETIN M.Geostatistical analysis of spatial distribution of salt bed thickness[J].Journal of Mining Science,2002,38(6):565-572.
[14]刘宽余,刘刚.杨圆蚧空间分布型的研究及其应用[J].东北林业大学学报,1985,13(4):50-54.
[15]刘永红,程丽芬,毛静琴,等.杨圆蚧种群空间分布情况调查[J].山西林业科技,1997(1):40-42.
[16]薛茂贤,高志宏,鲁旭弘,等.杨圆蚧空间分布型及其抽样技术的研究[J].林业科技,1996,21(2):36-38.
[17]夏鹏亮,王瑞,王昌军,等.恩施烟区无翅桃蚜在烤烟田空间动态的地统计学分析[J].生态学报,2014,34(5):1198-1204.XIA P L,WANG R,WANG C J,et al.Geostatistical analysison spatial dynamics of the apterous Myzus percicae in fluecured tobacco fields of Enshi tobacco area[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(5):1198-1204.(in Chinese)
[18]陈潜,许志春,张连生,等.褐梗天牛幼虫和成虫空间分布的地统计学研究[J].生态学报,2018,38(3):975-983.CHEN Q,XU Z C,ZHANG L S,et al.Geostatistical analysis of the spatial distribution of Arhopalus rusticus larvae and adults[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(3):975-983.(in Chinese)
[19]于新文,刘晓云.昆虫种群空间格局的研宄方法评述[J].西北林学院学报,2001,16(3):83-87.YU X W,LIU X Y.Review of reseracrch methods on spatial pattern of insect population[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2001,16(3):83-87.(in Chinese)
[20]向昌盛,袁哲明.地统计方法在昆虫学研究中的应用[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(17):191-194.
[21]胡瑜珩.云斑天牛空间格局分析及补充营养植物对其的影响[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015.
[22]KARIMZADEH R,HEJAZI M J,HELALI H,et al.Analysis of the spatio-temporal distribution of Eurygsaster integriceps(Hemiptera:Scutelleride)by using spatial analysis by distance indices and geostatistics[J].Environmental Entomology,2011,40(5):1253-1265.
[23]DECANTE D,VAN HELDEN M.Spatial and temporal distribution of Empoasca vitis within a vineyard[J].Agricultural and Forest Entomology,2008,10(2):111-118.
[24]ZHANG R D.Spatial Variability Theory and Application[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005:13.
[25]朱生秀,张俊,王敏,等.营林措施及天敌对杨圆蚧的控制效果评价[J].新疆农业大学学报,2011,34(1):43-47.
[26]胡瑜珩,武海卫,许志春.云斑天牛幼虫空间分布格局的地统计学分析[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(5):165-171.HU Y H,WU H W,XU Z C.Geostistical analysis on spatial distribution pattern of the larvae of Batocera horsfieldi[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2015,30(5):165-171.(in Chinese)
[27]邵崇斌,徐振武,韩明耀.杨树蛀干害虫空间格局的研究[J].西北林学院学报,1997,12(Supp.):33-36.
[28]RICHARD E R,DAVID I M,ANDRE G I,et al.Geostatistical tools for modeling and interpreting ecological spatial dependence[J].Ecological Monographs,1992,62(2):277-314.