2017年上海市奉贤区不同接种行为老年人对肺炎疫苗的认知及影响因素
|
摘要
目的了解2017年上海市奉贤区不同接种行为老年人对肺炎疫苗的认知及影响因素,为推进老年人接种肺炎疫苗项目提供策略和政策建议。方法选取接种组和未接种组各800名老年人,按性别、年龄1∶1匹配,调查不同接种行为老年人对肺炎疫苗相关知识的认知及影响因素。结果接种组老年人对肺炎和肺炎疫苗相关知识知晓度高于未接种组,接种组老年人中75.63%知道肺炎,65.25%知道细菌或病毒可引起肺炎,88.16%认为接种肺炎疫苗可以预防肺炎。认为肺炎是一种严重疾病,担心自己患肺炎等是肺炎疫苗接种的有利因素。未接种组老年人不接种的主要原因为担心接种后出现不良反应(43.75%),自觉身体好、不需要接种(20.63%),医生没有建议接种(10.13%)。结论应积极开展广泛且有针对性的宣传,提高老年人群对肺炎和肺炎疫苗相关知识的认知。进一步加强医务人员在提高老年人肺炎疫苗接种率中的引导作用。
[Objective] To investigate the pneumonia vaccination cognition and its influential factors among elderly people with different vaccination behavior in Fengxian District of Shanghai in 2017, provide strategies and policy recommendations for promoting pneumonia vaccination program for the elderly.[Methods] Each 800 elderly were selected from people vaccinated and unvaccinated, matched by 1:1 according to gender and age, to investigate the pneumonia vaccination cognition and its influential factors among elderly people with different vaccination behavior.[Results] The awareness rate of pneumonia and pneumonia vaccination-related knowledge among the elderly in the vaccination group was higher than that in the non-vaccination group.Among the elderly in vaccinated group, 75.63% knew about pneumonia, 65.25% knew that bacteria or virus could cause pneumonia, and 88.16% thought that inoculation with pneumonia vaccine could prevent pneumonia.Considered pneumonia is a serious disease and worried about getting pneumonia were beneficial factors in pneumonia vaccination.The main reason for unwilling vaccination in non-vaccination group was worrying about the adverse reaction of vaccination(43.75%), no vaccination is required due to feeling healthy(20.63%), and the doctors did not recommend inoculation(10.13%).[Conclusion] Extensive and targeted propaganda should be actively carried out to improve the awareness rate of pneumonia and pneumonia vaccination-related knowledge among elderly people.The guiding role of medical staff in improving the pneumonia vaccination rate of elderly should be strengthened.
[Objective] To investigate the pneumonia vaccination cognition and its influential factors among elderly people with different vaccination behavior in Fengxian District of Shanghai in 2017, provide strategies and policy recommendations for promoting pneumonia vaccination program for the elderly.[Methods] Each 800 elderly were selected from people vaccinated and unvaccinated, matched by 1:1 according to gender and age, to investigate the pneumonia vaccination cognition and its influential factors among elderly people with different vaccination behavior.[Results] The awareness rate of pneumonia and pneumonia vaccination-related knowledge among the elderly in the vaccination group was higher than that in the non-vaccination group.Among the elderly in vaccinated group, 75.63% knew about pneumonia, 65.25% knew that bacteria or virus could cause pneumonia, and 88.16% thought that inoculation with pneumonia vaccine could prevent pneumonia.Considered pneumonia is a serious disease and worried about getting pneumonia were beneficial factors in pneumonia vaccination.The main reason for unwilling vaccination in non-vaccination group was worrying about the adverse reaction of vaccination(43.75%), no vaccination is required due to feeling healthy(20.63%), and the doctors did not recommend inoculation(10.13%).[Conclusion] Extensive and targeted propaganda should be actively carried out to improve the awareness rate of pneumonia and pneumonia vaccination-related knowledge among elderly people.The guiding role of medical staff in improving the pneumonia vaccination rate of elderly should be strengthened.
引文
[1]中华预防医学会.肺炎链球菌性疾病相关疫苗应用技术指南(2012版)[S].中华流行病学杂志,2012,33(11):1101-1110.
[2]王芳,熊燕,陈智,等.武汉市肺炎链球菌耐药分析及多位点序列分型[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2016,27(3):43-45.
[3]崔军,张涛,李辉,等.社区慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者流感和肺炎疫苗接种意愿及影响因素[J].上海预防医学,2015,27(7):411-413.
[4]邸明芝,曹迎,黄辉,等.248例成人社区获得性肺炎病例疾病负担调查[J].现代预防医学,2014,41(14):2560-2562,2584.
[5]高洁,何永频,沈冰,等.上海市静安区60岁以上老年人接种23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗效果评估[J].疾病监测,2015,30(7):582-584.
[6]WESTERINK MA,SCHROEDER HW JR,NAHM MH.Immune Responses to pneumococcal vaccines in children and adults:Rationale for age-specific vaccination[J].Aging Dis,2012,3(1):51-67.
[7]KWETKAT A,HAGEL S,FORSTNER C,et al.Pneumococcal vaccination for prevention of pneumonia[J].Gerontol Geriatr,2015,48(7):614-618.
[8]林声,郭翔,李加,等.上海市老年人肺炎疫苗接种意愿及影响因素分析[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2015,19(10):975-978.
[9]高洁,何永频,胡宏,等.静安区不同接种行为老年人肺炎疫苗相关知识态度调查[J].中国初级卫生保健,2015,29(4):99-100.
[10]杨来宝,杨天,费怡,等.上海市浦东新区60岁以上老年人免费接种肺炎疫苗影响因素[J].职业与健康,2017,33(24):3369-3372.
[11]卑伟慧,胡宏,高洁,等.上海市静安区老年人免费肺炎疫苗接种意愿及其影响因素研究[J].中国预防医学杂志,2015,16(11):883-887.
[12]江燕,庞红,张泽申,等.上海市长宁区社区老年人接种肺炎疫苗后免疫效果评估[J].职业与健康,2016,32(20):2819-2822.
[13]陈小英,张义,李广智,等.西安市60岁以上老年人肺炎疫苗接种意愿及其影响因素[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2016,27(62):21-24.
[14]陆红梅,朱祺,沈金花,等.上海市松江区户籍老年人肺炎疫苗接种态度及其影响因素[J].中国生物制品学杂志,2016,2(7):781-784.
[15]汪曦,杜艳,王烨,等.上海市闵行区基层医务人员对老年人接种肺炎疫苗知识与态度的调查[J].职业与健康,2016,32(12):1652-1655.
[2]王芳,熊燕,陈智,等.武汉市肺炎链球菌耐药分析及多位点序列分型[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2016,27(3):43-45.
[3]崔军,张涛,李辉,等.社区慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者流感和肺炎疫苗接种意愿及影响因素[J].上海预防医学,2015,27(7):411-413.
[4]邸明芝,曹迎,黄辉,等.248例成人社区获得性肺炎病例疾病负担调查[J].现代预防医学,2014,41(14):2560-2562,2584.
[5]高洁,何永频,沈冰,等.上海市静安区60岁以上老年人接种23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗效果评估[J].疾病监测,2015,30(7):582-584.
[6]WESTERINK MA,SCHROEDER HW JR,NAHM MH.Immune Responses to pneumococcal vaccines in children and adults:Rationale for age-specific vaccination[J].Aging Dis,2012,3(1):51-67.
[7]KWETKAT A,HAGEL S,FORSTNER C,et al.Pneumococcal vaccination for prevention of pneumonia[J].Gerontol Geriatr,2015,48(7):614-618.
[8]林声,郭翔,李加,等.上海市老年人肺炎疫苗接种意愿及影响因素分析[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2015,19(10):975-978.
[9]高洁,何永频,胡宏,等.静安区不同接种行为老年人肺炎疫苗相关知识态度调查[J].中国初级卫生保健,2015,29(4):99-100.
[10]杨来宝,杨天,费怡,等.上海市浦东新区60岁以上老年人免费接种肺炎疫苗影响因素[J].职业与健康,2017,33(24):3369-3372.
[11]卑伟慧,胡宏,高洁,等.上海市静安区老年人免费肺炎疫苗接种意愿及其影响因素研究[J].中国预防医学杂志,2015,16(11):883-887.
[12]江燕,庞红,张泽申,等.上海市长宁区社区老年人接种肺炎疫苗后免疫效果评估[J].职业与健康,2016,32(20):2819-2822.
[13]陈小英,张义,李广智,等.西安市60岁以上老年人肺炎疫苗接种意愿及其影响因素[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2016,27(62):21-24.
[14]陆红梅,朱祺,沈金花,等.上海市松江区户籍老年人肺炎疫苗接种态度及其影响因素[J].中国生物制品学杂志,2016,2(7):781-784.
[15]汪曦,杜艳,王烨,等.上海市闵行区基层医务人员对老年人接种肺炎疫苗知识与态度的调查[J].职业与健康,2016,32(12):1652-1655.