摘要
目的了解2017年上海市奉贤区不同接种行为老年人对肺炎疫苗的认知及影响因素,为推进老年人接种肺炎疫苗项目提供策略和政策建议。方法选取接种组和未接种组各800名老年人,按性别、年龄1∶1匹配,调查不同接种行为老年人对肺炎疫苗相关知识的认知及影响因素。结果接种组老年人对肺炎和肺炎疫苗相关知识知晓度高于未接种组,接种组老年人中75.63%知道肺炎,65.25%知道细菌或病毒可引起肺炎,88.16%认为接种肺炎疫苗可以预防肺炎。认为肺炎是一种严重疾病,担心自己患肺炎等是肺炎疫苗接种的有利因素。未接种组老年人不接种的主要原因为担心接种后出现不良反应(43.75%),自觉身体好、不需要接种(20.63%),医生没有建议接种(10.13%)。结论应积极开展广泛且有针对性的宣传,提高老年人群对肺炎和肺炎疫苗相关知识的认知。进一步加强医务人员在提高老年人肺炎疫苗接种率中的引导作用。
[Objective] To investigate the pneumonia vaccination cognition and its influential factors among elderly people with different vaccination behavior in Fengxian District of Shanghai in 2017, provide strategies and policy recommendations for promoting pneumonia vaccination program for the elderly.[Methods] Each 800 elderly were selected from people vaccinated and unvaccinated, matched by 1:1 according to gender and age, to investigate the pneumonia vaccination cognition and its influential factors among elderly people with different vaccination behavior.[Results] The awareness rate of pneumonia and pneumonia vaccination-related knowledge among the elderly in the vaccination group was higher than that in the non-vaccination group.Among the elderly in vaccinated group, 75.63% knew about pneumonia, 65.25% knew that bacteria or virus could cause pneumonia, and 88.16% thought that inoculation with pneumonia vaccine could prevent pneumonia.Considered pneumonia is a serious disease and worried about getting pneumonia were beneficial factors in pneumonia vaccination.The main reason for unwilling vaccination in non-vaccination group was worrying about the adverse reaction of vaccination(43.75%), no vaccination is required due to feeling healthy(20.63%), and the doctors did not recommend inoculation(10.13%).[Conclusion] Extensive and targeted propaganda should be actively carried out to improve the awareness rate of pneumonia and pneumonia vaccination-related knowledge among elderly people.The guiding role of medical staff in improving the pneumonia vaccination rate of elderly should be strengthened.
引文
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