北京市区绿地土壤中铅等重金属累积及空间分异特征
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摘要
为考察北京市区绿地土壤重金属累积及其空间分异特征,在北京市区采集了151个绿地表层(0~20cm)土壤样品,并通过地统计分析方法研究了土壤样品中Pb等重金属元素累积及空间变异特征。结果表明:1)北京市区内绿地土壤重金属Pb、Cr、Zn、Cu的含量分别为26.9,0.33,49.64,76.85 mg/kg,存在累积现象,地积累指数分别为0.13、0.09、-0.22和-0.64,Cr和Cu地积累级别为2级,Zn和Pb地积累级别为1级。2)Pb和Zn的半变异函数最佳理论模型为高斯模型,Cr和Cu则分别为指数模型和球面模型。Pb在空间变异上为极弱的空间自相关,其余3种重金属则呈中等强度的空间自相关。3)Cu和Zn在中部和东北部含量较高,Pb中部地区含量较高,从中部向外围呈递减的趋势。Cr高值区分布比较零散,呈不规则斑块状分布。
In order to master the accumulation and spatial distribution of heavy metals in greenbelt soil in Beijing urban area,a total 151 samples were collected,and the accumulation and spatial distribution of the metals were analysed by geostatistical analysis method. The results showed that: 1) The average values of total Pb,Cr,Zn and Cu content were 26. 90,49. 64,76. 85,31. 44 mg/kg,respectively. The average value of soil heavy metals was higher than the soil background value of Beijing,which indicated accumulation of the heavy metals in urban greenbelt soil. Geo-accumulation index of Pb,Cr,Zn and Cu were 0. 13,0. 09,-0. 22 and-0. 64,accumulation levels of Cr and Cu were at level 2,while the levels of Pb and Zn were at level 1. 2) Gaussian was the best variation function model to predict Pb and Zn,while the best model for Cr and Cu were exponential model and spherical model. In space variation,Pb presented weak spatial autocorrelation,all other heavy metals presented a moderate spatial autocorrelation. 3) The average values of total Zn and Cu were higher in north east and central region. The value of Pb was higher in central region and gradually diminished from the central to the periphery,while distribution of high value of Cr was scattered and irregular plaque.
In order to master the accumulation and spatial distribution of heavy metals in greenbelt soil in Beijing urban area,a total 151 samples were collected,and the accumulation and spatial distribution of the metals were analysed by geostatistical analysis method. The results showed that: 1) The average values of total Pb,Cr,Zn and Cu content were 26. 90,49. 64,76. 85,31. 44 mg/kg,respectively. The average value of soil heavy metals was higher than the soil background value of Beijing,which indicated accumulation of the heavy metals in urban greenbelt soil. Geo-accumulation index of Pb,Cr,Zn and Cu were 0. 13,0. 09,-0. 22 and-0. 64,accumulation levels of Cr and Cu were at level 2,while the levels of Pb and Zn were at level 1. 2) Gaussian was the best variation function model to predict Pb and Zn,while the best model for Cr and Cu were exponential model and spherical model. In space variation,Pb presented weak spatial autocorrelation,all other heavy metals presented a moderate spatial autocorrelation. 3) The average values of total Zn and Cu were higher in north east and central region. The value of Pb was higher in central region and gradually diminished from the central to the periphery,while distribution of high value of Cr was scattered and irregular plaque.
引文
[1]徐福银,胡艳燕.重庆市不同功能区城市绿地土壤重金属分布特征与评价[J].土壤通报,2014,45(1):227-231.
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[14]杨勇,刘爱军,朝鲁孟其其格,等.锡林郭勒露天煤矿矿区草原土壤重金属分布特征[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(5):885-892.
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[18]王幼奇,白一茹,王建宇.引黄灌区不同尺度农田土壤重金属空间分布及污染评价:以银川市兴庆区为例[J].环境科学,2014,35(7):2714-2720.
[19]陈同斌,郑袁明,陈煌,等.北京市土壤重金属含量背景值的系统研究[J].环境科学,2004,25(1):117-122.
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[21]盛蒂,朱兰保,戚晓明,等.蚌埠市区土壤重金属积累特征及生态风险评价[J].土壤通报,2015,46(3):715-720.
[22]张继舟,吕品,王立民,等.大兴安岭森林土壤重金属含量空间变异与污染评价[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(3):810-819.
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[24]史文娇,魏丹,汪景宽,等.双城市土壤重金属空间分异及影响因子分析[J].水土保持学报,2007(1):59-64.
[25]刘晓林,李文峰,杨林楠,等.基于Arc GIS地统计分析模块的土壤养分空间变异分析——以云南省建水县为例[J].土壤通报,2012,43(6):1432-1437.
[26]刘爱利,王培法,丁园园.地统计学概论[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[2]邹明珠,王艳春,刘燕.北京城市绿地土壤研究现状及问题[J].中国土壤与肥料,2012(3):1-6.
[3]安永龙,黄勇,刘清俊,等.北京城区表层土壤多元素分布特征及重金属元素污染评价[J].地质通报,2016,35(12):2111-2120.
[4]郭天华.上海某区工业调整场地土壤重金属污染现状及开发风险研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2016.
[5]何健,陈海珍,程世芬,等.广州主城区土壤重金属Pb污染特征及健康风险评价[J].现代预防医学,2014,41(2):212-215,218.
[6]黄哲,曲世华,白岚,等.包头城区土壤重金属空间分布特征及污染评价[J].环境工程,2017,35(5):149-153.
[7]高鹏,刘勇,苏超.太原城区周边土壤重金属分布特征及生态风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(5):866-873.
[8]于法展,齐芳燕,李保杰,等.徐州市城区公园绿地土壤重金属污染及其评价[J].城市环境与城市生态,2009,22(3):20-23.
[9]吴新民,潘根兴.城市不同功能区土壤重金属分布初探[J].土壤学报,2005(3):513-517.
[10]王济,白玲玉,张浩.贵阳城市土壤重金属污染研究[M].北京:气象出版社,2011(7):62-63.
[11]郑袁明,陈煌,陈同斌,等.北京市土壤中Cr,Ni含量的空间结构与分布特征[J].第四纪研究,2003(4):436-445.
[12]陈立新,赵淑苹,段文标.哈尔滨市不同绿地功能区土壤重金属污染及评价[J].林业科学,2007(增刊1):65-71.
[13]吴平.详解《土十条》[J].中国经济报告,2016(7):68-70.
[14]杨勇,刘爱军,朝鲁孟其其格,等.锡林郭勒露天煤矿矿区草原土壤重金属分布特征[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(5):885-892.
[15]Liao Jianbo,Chen Jian,Ru Xuan,et al.Heavy metals in river surface sediments affected with multiple pollution sources,South China:Distribution,enrichment and source apportionment[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2017(5):9-19.
[16]谭陈恬,陈钜辉,陈俊,等.基于Arc GIS地统计分析模块的土壤全磷空间变异与评价——以长沙市为例[J].衡阳师范学院学报,2015,36(3):72-75.
[17]徐建华.现代地理学中的数学方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[18]王幼奇,白一茹,王建宇.引黄灌区不同尺度农田土壤重金属空间分布及污染评价:以银川市兴庆区为例[J].环境科学,2014,35(7):2714-2720.
[19]陈同斌,郑袁明,陈煌,等.北京市土壤重金属含量背景值的系统研究[J].环境科学,2004,25(1):117-122.
[20]国家环境保护局.GB 15618—1995土壤环境质量标准[S].2009.
[21]盛蒂,朱兰保,戚晓明,等.蚌埠市区土壤重金属积累特征及生态风险评价[J].土壤通报,2015,46(3):715-720.
[22]张继舟,吕品,王立民,等.大兴安岭森林土壤重金属含量空间变异与污染评价[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(3):810-819.
[23]牟乃夏,刘文宝,王海银.Arc GIS10地理信息系统教程-从初学到精通[M].北京:测绘出版社,2012.
[24]史文娇,魏丹,汪景宽,等.双城市土壤重金属空间分异及影响因子分析[J].水土保持学报,2007(1):59-64.
[25]刘晓林,李文峰,杨林楠,等.基于Arc GIS地统计分析模块的土壤养分空间变异分析——以云南省建水县为例[J].土壤通报,2012,43(6):1432-1437.
[26]刘爱利,王培法,丁园园.地统计学概论[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.