鞍山某铁矿区土壤重金属形态分布及生物有效性分析
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摘要
研究鞍山某铁矿区周边土壤中5种重金属(Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn和Ni)的全量和形态分布,采用风险评价编码(RAC)法及次生相与原生相分布比值(RSP)法对元素生物有效性和环境风险进行评价。研究结果表明,该区土壤中Cd和Ni全量超出了国家二级标准,Pb、Cu和Zn未超限,但在土壤中富集明显;各重金属生物有效态占比的大小顺序为Cd> Pb> Ni> Zn> Cu,Cd元素生物活性最高且毒性最强; 5种重金属的RAC值大小依次为Cd(40. 62%)> Pb(21. 60%)> Ni(16. 31%)> Cu(12. 16%)> Zn(9. 74%),RSP值大小依次为:Cd(1. 31)> Pb(1. 06)> Zn(0. 94)> Ni(0. 71)> Cu(0. 39)。结合总量、生物有效性及形态学评价,该矿区土壤重金属Cd是生物活性最强、环境风险最高的元素,其次是Pb; Ni的生物有效性较低,但其全量已超标,因此应对该区Cd、Pb和Ni给予特别关注。
Total and morphological distribution of five heavy metals( Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn and Ni) in soil around the iron mine region were analyzed,the bioavailability and environmental risk were evaluated by means of risk assessment code( RAC) and the ratio of secondary phase and primary phase( RSP). The results showed that the total contents of Cd and Ni surpassed the Chinese soil quality standard class II,while Pb,Zn and Cu not surpassed the standard. Pb,Zn and Cu accumulation took place in mining region. The bioavailability ratio of heavy metals were in the order of Cd > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cu,which indicated that Cd has the highest biological activity and environmental toxicity. The heavy metals in RAC were in order of Cd( 40. 62%) > Pb( 21. 60%) > Ni( 16. 31%) > Cu( 12. 16%) > Zn( 9. 74%) and in RSP were in order of Cd( 1. 31) > Pb( 1. 06) >Zn( 0. 94) > Ni( 0. 71) > Cu( 0. 39). Based on the results,the bioavailability and pollution risk of Cd is biggest in the soil around the iron mine,followed by the Pb pollution. The bioavailability of Ni is relatively low,but the total has been exceeded the standard. So more attention should be paid to Cd,Pb and Ni pollution.
Total and morphological distribution of five heavy metals( Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn and Ni) in soil around the iron mine region were analyzed,the bioavailability and environmental risk were evaluated by means of risk assessment code( RAC) and the ratio of secondary phase and primary phase( RSP). The results showed that the total contents of Cd and Ni surpassed the Chinese soil quality standard class II,while Pb,Zn and Cu not surpassed the standard. Pb,Zn and Cu accumulation took place in mining region. The bioavailability ratio of heavy metals were in the order of Cd > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cu,which indicated that Cd has the highest biological activity and environmental toxicity. The heavy metals in RAC were in order of Cd( 40. 62%) > Pb( 21. 60%) > Ni( 16. 31%) > Cu( 12. 16%) > Zn( 9. 74%) and in RSP were in order of Cd( 1. 31) > Pb( 1. 06) >Zn( 0. 94) > Ni( 0. 71) > Cu( 0. 39). Based on the results,the bioavailability and pollution risk of Cd is biggest in the soil around the iron mine,followed by the Pb pollution. The bioavailability of Ni is relatively low,but the total has been exceeded the standard. So more attention should be paid to Cd,Pb and Ni pollution.
引文
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[2]Kirschbaum A,Murray J,Lopez E,et al. The environmental impact of aguilar mine on the heavy metal concentrations of the Yacoraite river,Jujuy province,NW argentina[J].Environmental earth sciences,2012,65:493-504.
[3]贾赵恒,罗瑶,沈友刚,等.大冶龙角山矿区农田土壤重金属形态分布及其来源[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(2):264-271.
[4]毛海立,龙成梅,杨艳,等.贵州牛角塘矿区土壤重金属形态分布特征研究[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(120):15-19.
[5]杨净.金矿区土壤重金属形态分布及生物有效性分析[D].长春:东北师范大学,2014.
[6]孙晓艳,罗立强.重金属生物有效性在矿山环境评价中应用研究进展[J/OL].矿产保护与利用,[2018-08-28]. http://kns. cnki. net/kcms/detail/41. 1122. TD.20180606. 1408. 005. html.
[7]贾莲,刘盼盼,吕琳琳,等.鞍山某铁矿区土壤重金属污染评价[J].矿产保护与利用,2018(4):118-123.
[8]Tessier A,Campbell P G C,Sisson M. Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Analytical chemistry,1979,51(7):844-851.
[9]叶宏萌,李国平,郑茂钟,等.武夷山五夫荷塘底泥重金属赋存特征及其生物有效性[J].热带作物学报,2018,39(6):1235-1240.
[10]杨少斌,孙向阳,张骏达,等.北京市五环内绿地土壤4种重金属的形态特征及其生物有效性[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(3):79-93.
[11]庞文品,秦樊鑫,吕亚超,等.贵州兴仁煤矿区农田土壤重金属化学形态及风险评估[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(5):1468-1478.
[12]王鹏,贾学秀,涂明,等.北京某道路外侧土壤重金属形态特征与污染评价[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(6):165-172.
[13]陈明,杨涛,徐慧,等.赣南某钨矿区土壤中Cd、Pb的形态特征及生态风险评价[J].环境化学,2015,34(12):2257-2262.
[14]赵胜男,李畅游,史小红.乌梁素海沉积物重金属生物活性及环境污染评估[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(3):481-489.
[15]邢小茹,薛生国,张乃英,等.鞍山市大气尘和金属元素沉降通量及污染特征[J].中国环境监测,2010,26(2):11-15.