考虑机械气隙的无槽永磁直线电机热分析及改进（英文）
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摘要
研究自然冷却的无槽管状永磁直线电机(tubular permanent magnet linear actuator,TPMLA)的机械气隙长度,通过约束和引导热量的流通路径来使永磁体的温度达到最低。通常无槽绕组产生的热量必须首先通过周围的空气进行传导,其散热条件比有槽电机更加恶劣。虽然较小的机械气隙可以增强气隙磁密,但是绕组产生的大部分热量将会传到永磁体上,导致永磁体温升,并减小其剩磁,使永磁体有失磁风险。因此,合理的机械气隙长度对于无槽管状永磁直线电机极其重要。建立电机的电磁和热模型,并将结果与有限元方法进行比较。制作3台不同机械气隙的样机,并进行实验。结果表明,机械气隙对限制和引导热流具有重要的作用,通过增加机械气隙长度来降低永磁体温度的方法取得了良好的效果。
In this paper, the mechanical air gap of a natural air-cooled slotless tubular permanent magnet(PM) linear actuator(TPMLA) was investigated, trying to constrain and direct the heat flow in well-defined paths and minimize the PM temperature. Generally, the heat generated by slotless windings must pass through the surrounding air first. For this reason, the heat dissipation condition is much worse than slotted machines.Although a small mechanical air-gap length tends to increase the air-gap flux density, it makes a large portion of heat generated by windings being transferred to the PM side,heating the PM and lowering the remnant flux density of PM.Therefore, a proper mechanical air gap is of great importance for PM temperature of slotless TPMLA. Electromagnetic and thermal models were established, and were compared with finite element models. Three prototypes of slotless TPMLAs having different mechanical air-gap lengths were built and tested. The effect of mechanical air gap on constraining and directing the heat flow is greatly prominent, which shows that the attempt to minimize PM temperature of TPMLA by increasing its mechanical air-gap length properly is highly effective.
In this paper, the mechanical air gap of a natural air-cooled slotless tubular permanent magnet(PM) linear actuator(TPMLA) was investigated, trying to constrain and direct the heat flow in well-defined paths and minimize the PM temperature. Generally, the heat generated by slotless windings must pass through the surrounding air first. For this reason, the heat dissipation condition is much worse than slotted machines.Although a small mechanical air-gap length tends to increase the air-gap flux density, it makes a large portion of heat generated by windings being transferred to the PM side,heating the PM and lowering the remnant flux density of PM.Therefore, a proper mechanical air gap is of great importance for PM temperature of slotless TPMLA. Electromagnetic and thermal models were established, and were compared with finite element models. Three prototypes of slotless TPMLAs having different mechanical air-gap lengths were built and tested. The effect of mechanical air gap on constraining and directing the heat flow is greatly prominent, which shows that the attempt to minimize PM temperature of TPMLA by increasing its mechanical air-gap length properly is highly effective.
引文
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[27]Quan Koubao,Zhen Huangxu,Wu Hongxing,et al.Thrust and thermal characteristics of electromagnetic launcher based on permanent magnet linear synchronous motors[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2009,45(1):358-362.
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[29]Jang C,Kim J Y,Kim Y J,et al.Heat transfer analysis and simplified thermal resistance modeling of linear motor driven stages for SMT applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies,2003,26(3):532-540.
[30]黄学良,周赣,张前.平面电机的海尔贝克型直线电机执行器[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(21):80-86.Huang Xueliang,Zhou Gan,Zhang Qian.Research on Halbach linear motor actuator of planar motor[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(21):80-86(in Chinese).
[31]Umans S D.Fitzgerald&Kingsley’s electric machinery[M].7th ed.Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2013:1-36.
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[33]Luo Csiyong,Sun Jun,Wang Xiaowei,et al.Design of voice coil motor with the forward winding for linear vibro-impact systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2017,53(8):8107509.
[34]Holman J P.Heat transfer[M].10th ed.Beijing:China Machine Press,2011:21-69.
[2]Sun Jun,Luo Ciyong,Xu Shengyou.Improvement of tubular linear oscillating actuators by using end ferromagnetic pole pieces[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2018,33(4):1686-1691.
[3]Jung S Y,Chun J S,Jung H K.Performance evaluation of slotless permanent magnet linear synchronous motor energized by partially excited primary current[J].IEEETransactions on Magnetics,2001,37(5):3757-3761.
[4]Looser A,Baumgartner T,Zwyssig C,et al.Analysis and measurement of 3D torque and forces for permanent magnet motors with slotless windings[C]//Proceedings of2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.Atlanta:IEEE,2010:3792-3797.
[5]Li Liyi,Pan Donghua,Huang Xuzhen.Analysis and optimization of ironless permanent-magnet linear motor for improving thrust[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2013,41(5):1188-1192.
[6]Huang Xuzhen,Li Liyi,Zhou Bo,et al.Temperature calculation for tubular linear motor by the combination of thermal circuit and temperature field method considering the linear motion of air gap[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(8):3923-3931.
[7]张卓然,耿伟伟,陆嘉伟.定子无铁心永磁电机技术研究现状与发展[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(2):582-600.Zhang Zhuoran,Geng Weiwei,Lu Jiawei.Overview of Permanent Magnet Machines with Ironless Stator[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(2):582-600(in Chinese).
[8]Chen Yi,Yao Yihua,Lu Qinfen,et al.Electromagnetic and thermal coupling analysis of a water-cooled double-sided permanent magnet linear synchronous motor[C]//Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems(ICEMS).Pattaya:IEEE,2015:1136-1140.
[9]Lu Yiping,Liu Li,Zhang Dongxue.Simulation and analysis of thermal fields of rotor multislots for nonsalient-pole motor[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(12):7678-7686.
[10]Boglietti A,Cavagnino A,Staton D,et al.Evolution and modern approaches for thermal analysis of electrical machines[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2009,56(3):871-882.
[11]Huang Xuzhen,Tan Qiang,Li Liyi,et al.Winding temperature field model considering void ratio and temperature rise of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor with high current density[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(3):2168-2177.
[12]Huang Ziyuan,Fang Jiancheng,Liu Xiquan,et al.Loss calculation and thermal analysis of rotors supported by active magnetic bearings for high-speed permanentmagnet electrical machines[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(4):2027-2035.
[13]Grobler A J,Holm S R,van Schoor G.A two-dimensional analytic thermal model for a high-speed PMSM magnet[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(11):6756-6764.
[14]Sciascera C,Giangrande P,Papini L,et al.Analytical thermal model for fast stator winding temperature prediction[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(8):6116-6126.
[15]Wallscheid O,Specht A,B?cker J.Observing the permanent-magnet temperature of synchronous motors based on electrical fundamental wave model quantities[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(5):3921-3929.
[16]Boglietti A,Carpaneto E,Cossale M,et al.Stator-winding thermal models for short-time thermal transients:definition and validation[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(5):2713-2721.
[17]张凤阁,蒋晓东,李应光,等.新型磁障转子无刷双馈电机热计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(9):2745-2752.Zhang Fengge,Jiang Xiaodong,Li Yingguang,et al.Thermal calculation on a brushless doubly-fed machine with a magnetic barrier rotor[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(9):2745-2752(in Chinese).
[18]Yeo H K,Park H J,Seo J M,et al.Electromagnetic and thermal analysis of a surface-mounted permanent-magnet motor with overhang structure[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2017,53(6):8203304.
[19]Kral C,Haumer A,B?uml T.Thermal model and behavior of a totally-enclosed-water-cooled squirrel-cage induction machine for traction applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2008,55(10):3555-3565.
[20]Zhang Gan,Hua Wei,Cheng Ming,et al.Coupled magnetic-thermal fields analysis of water cooling flux-switching permanent magnet motors by an axially segmented model[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2017,53(6):8106504.
[21]Fan Xinggang,Qu Ronghai,Li Jian,et al.Ventilation and thermal improvement of radial forced air-cooled FSCWpermanent magnet synchronous wind generators[J].IEEETransactions on Industry Applications,2017,53(4):3447-3456.
[22]Ruddy B P.Application of the thermal fin approximation to modeling voice coil magnetic fields and performance[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2017,53(5):8101408.
[23]Lu Qinfen,Zhang Xinmin,Chen Yi,et al.Modeling and investigation of thermal characteristics of a water-cooled permanent-magnet linear motor[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2015,51(3):2086-2096.
[24]Amorós J G,Andrada P,Blanque B,et al.Influence of design parameters in the optimization of linear switched reluctance motor under thermal constraints[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2018,65(2):1875-1883.
[25]Bertola L,Cox T,Wheeler P,et al.Thermal design of linear induction and synchronous motors for electromagnetic launch of civil aircraft[J].IEEETransactions on Plasma Science,2017,45(7):1146-1153.
[26]Kwon Y S,Kim W J.Electromagnetic analysis and steady-state performance of double-sided flat linear motor using soft magnetic composite[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(3):2178-2187.
[27]Quan Koubao,Zhen Huangxu,Wu Hongxing,et al.Thrust and thermal characteristics of electromagnetic launcher based on permanent magnet linear synchronous motors[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2009,45(1):358-362.
[28]Alvarenga B,Chabu I,Cardoso J R.Thermal characterization of long electrical devices-Application to a tubular linear induction motor[C]//Proceedings of IEEEInternational Electric Machines and Drives Conference.Madison:IEEE,2003:938-942.
[29]Jang C,Kim J Y,Kim Y J,et al.Heat transfer analysis and simplified thermal resistance modeling of linear motor driven stages for SMT applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies,2003,26(3):532-540.
[30]黄学良,周赣,张前.平面电机的海尔贝克型直线电机执行器[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(21):80-86.Huang Xueliang,Zhou Gan,Zhang Qian.Research on Halbach linear motor actuator of planar motor[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(21):80-86(in Chinese).
[31]Umans S D.Fitzgerald&Kingsley’s electric machinery[M].7th ed.Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2013:1-36.
[32]Folland G B.Fourier Analysis and Its Applications[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2005:97-126.
[33]Luo Csiyong,Sun Jun,Wang Xiaowei,et al.Design of voice coil motor with the forward winding for linear vibro-impact systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2017,53(8):8107509.
[34]Holman J P.Heat transfer[M].10th ed.Beijing:China Machine Press,2011:21-69.