基于爬坡算法的片上低栅瓣二维光学相控阵
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摘要
通过两级定向耦合器结构实现了光学相控阵天线阵列的二维排布,并设计了特殊C形弯曲波导进行热调作为阵元的相位控制器.提出一种针对阵元数量不高的稀布片上光学相控阵远场高阶干涉栅瓣的压缩方法.将均匀的阵元间距通过爬坡算法优化成非均匀间距,以破坏栅瓣产生所需的干涉相长条件,实现对栅瓣的压缩作用.在1 310nm波长,通过时域有限差分法对基于微型光栅耦合器天线的稀布阵列进行计算分析,结果表明优化的阵元间距能实现-6~-7dB的栅瓣抑制比.
A two-stage directional coupler structure is proposed to realize the two dimensional optical phased array,and a distinctive C-bend waveguide is designed for thermal regulation as optical phase shifter of array element.A method that compresses far field side lobes caused by high-order interference for sparse on-chip optical phased arrays is presented.Hill climbing algorithm is adopted to optimize the uniform antenna spacing and make it become non-uniform,which will greatly mitigate constructive interference conditions and then compress far field side lobes.Using finite-difference time-domain method to simulate the sparse optical grating coupler array designed at 1 310 nm wavelength showing that this optimization can realize a-6~-7 dB ratio of side lobe and main lobe.
A two-stage directional coupler structure is proposed to realize the two dimensional optical phased array,and a distinctive C-bend waveguide is designed for thermal regulation as optical phase shifter of array element.A method that compresses far field side lobes caused by high-order interference for sparse on-chip optical phased arrays is presented.Hill climbing algorithm is adopted to optimize the uniform antenna spacing and make it become non-uniform,which will greatly mitigate constructive interference conditions and then compress far field side lobes.Using finite-difference time-domain method to simulate the sparse optical grating coupler array designed at 1 310 nm wavelength showing that this optimization can realize a-6~-7 dB ratio of side lobe and main lobe.
引文
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[3] SUN J,TIMURDOGAN E,YAACOBI A,et al.Large-scale nanophotonic phased array[J].Nature,2013,493:195-199.
[4] MEYER R A.Optical beam steering using a multichannel lithium tantalate crystal[J].Applied Optics,1972,11(3):613-616.
[5] RESLER D P,HOBBS D S,SHARP R C,et al.High-efficiency liquid-crystal optical phased-array beam steering[J].Optics Letters,1996,21(9):689-691.
[6] HUANG W R,MONTOYA J,KANSKY J E,et al.High speed,high power one-dimensional beam steering from a 6-element optical phased array[J].Optics Express,2012,20(16):17311-17318.
[7] CARLSON N W,EVANS G A,AMANTEA R,et al.Electronic beam steering in monolithic grating-surfaceemitting diode laser arrays[J].Applied Physics Letters,1988,53(23):2275-2277.
[8] JARRAHI M,PEASE R F,Miller D A,et al.Optical switching based on high-speed phased array optical beam steering[J].Applied Physics Letters,2008,92(1):014106.
[9] CHAN T K,MEGENS M,YOO B W,et al.Optical beamsteering using an 8×8 MEMS phased array with closedloop interferometric phase control[J].Optics Express,2013,21(3):2807-2815.
[10] YOO B W,MEGENS M,SUN T,et al.A 32×32optical phased array using polysilicon sub-wavelength highcontrast-grating mirrors[J].Optics Express,2014,22(16):19029-19039.
[11] YOO B W,MEGENS M,CHAN T,et al.Optical phased array using high contrast gratings for two dimensional beamforming and beamsteering[J].Optics Express,2013,21(10):12238-12248.
[12] ACOLEYEN K V,ROGIER H,BAETS R.Two-dimensional optical phased array antenna on silicon-on-insulator[J].Optics Express,2010,18(13):13655-13660.
[13] KWONG D,HOSSEINI A,ZHANG Y,et al.1×12 Unequally spaced waveguide array for actively tuned optical phased array on a silicon nanomembrane[J].Applied Physics Letters,2011,99(5):051104.
[14] DOYLEND J K,HECK M J R,BOVINGTON J T,et al.Two-dimensional free-space beam steering withan optical phased array on silicon-on-insulator[J].Optics Express,2011,19(22):21595-21604.
[15] HUTCHISON D N,SUN J,DOYLEND J K,et al.High-resolution aliasing-free optical beam steering[J].Optica,2016,3(8):887-890.
[16] HEI Xu-wei,ZHANG Ling-xuan,LIU Ji-hong,et al.Tunable narrowband filter based on guided mode resonance[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2017,46(12):1223001.黑徐伟,章羚璇,刘继红,等.基于导模共振的窄带可调谐滤波器[J].光子学报,2017,46(12):1223001.
[17] YAACOBI A,TIMURDOGAN E,WATTS M R.Vertical emitting aperture nanoantennas[J].Optics Letters,2012,37(9):1454-1456.
[18] NOTAROS J,POPOVIC M A.Finite-difference complex-wavevector band structure solver for analysis and design of periodic radiative microphotonic structures[J].Optics Letters,2015,40(6):1053-1056.
[19] SUN J,TIMURDOGAN E,YAACOBI A,et al.Large-scale silicon photonic circuits for optical phased arrays[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics In Quantum Electronics,2014,20(4):8201115
[20] ROELKENS G,THOURHOUT D V,BAETS R.High efficiency silicon-on-insulator grating coupler based on a poly-silicon overlay[J].Optics Express,2006,14(24):11622-11630.
[21] DEROSE C T, WATTS M R,TROTTER D C,et al,Silicon microring modulator with integrated heater8-1003190andtemperature sensor for thermal control[C].Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics,2010:CThJ3.
[22] WATTS M,ZORTMAN W,TROTTER D,et al,Adiabatic resonant microrings(ARMs)with directly integrated thermal microphotonics[C].Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics,2009:CPDB10.
[23] KOMLJENOVIC T,HELKEY R,COLDREN L,et al.Sparse aperiodic arrays for optical beam forming and LIDAR[J].Optics Express,2017,25(3):2511-2528.