Rating damage potential of ground motion records
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摘要
In this study, a total of 115,246 ground motions recorded during earthquakes of Moment magnitudes ranging from M_w 5.0 to M_w 9.0 are analyzed statistically. A total of 21 ground motion parameters characterising the recorded acceleration time histories are used in the analysis. Classification of these parameters through statistical correlation is reported and a parameter called "distance from zero-amplitude axis," or d_(Z-A), is formulated in the principal component space. The ability for d_(Z-A) to rate the damage potentials of strong motion records is evaluated through correlation of d_(Z-A) with Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA) instrumental seismic intensities. This parameter can be used to rate damage potential of any strong motion record irrespective of the magnitude and location of the earthquake. It can also be used in selecting ground motion records of appropriate damage potential in seismic design and probabilistic analysis.
In this study, a total of 115,246 ground motions recorded during earthquakes of Moment magnitudes ranging from M_w 5.0 to M_w 9.0 are analyzed statistically. A total of 21 ground motion parameters characterising the recorded acceleration time histories are used in the analysis. Classification of these parameters through statistical correlation is reported and a parameter called "distance from zero-amplitude axis," or d_(Z-A), is formulated in the principal component space. The ability for d_(Z-A) to rate the damage potentials of strong motion records is evaluated through correlation of d_(Z-A) with Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA) instrumental seismic intensities. This parameter can be used to rate damage potential of any strong motion record irrespective of the magnitude and location of the earthquake. It can also be used in selecting ground motion records of appropriate damage potential in seismic design and probabilistic analysis.
In this study, a total of 115,246 ground motions recorded during earthquakes of Moment magnitudes ranging from M_w 5.0 to M_w 9.0 are analyzed statistically. A total of 21 ground motion parameters characterising the recorded acceleration time histories are used in the analysis. Classification of these parameters through statistical correlation is reported and a parameter called "distance from zero-amplitude axis," or d_(Z-A), is formulated in the principal component space. The ability for d_(Z-A) to rate the damage potentials of strong motion records is evaluated through correlation of d_(Z-A) with Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA) instrumental seismic intensities. This parameter can be used to rate damage potential of any strong motion record irrespective of the magnitude and location of the earthquake. It can also be used in selecting ground motion records of appropriate damage potential in seismic design and probabilistic analysis.
引文
Anderson JC and Bertero VV(1987),“Uncertainties in Establishing Design Earthquakes,”Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,113:1709?1724.
Arias A(1970),A Measure of Earthquake Intensity,Seismic Design for Nuclear Power Plants,Hansen RJ(Ed.),MIT Press,Cambridge,438-483.
Boore DM(2004),“Estimating Vs(30)(or NEHRP Site Classes)from Shallow Velocity Models(Depths<30m),”Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,94:591?597.
Boore DM and Bommer JJ(2005),“Processing of Strong Motion Accelerograms:Needs,Options and Consequences,”Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,25:93-115.
Bhargavi P and Raghukanth STG(2017),“Ground Motion Parameters for the 2011 Great Japan Tohoku Earthquake,”Journal of Earthquake Engineering,pp.1363-2469.doi:10.1080/13632469.2017.1342292.
Campbell KW and Bozorgnia Y(2010),“Analysis of Cumulative Absolute Velocity(CAV)and JMAInstrumental Seismic Intensity Using the PEER-NGAStrong Motion Database,”PEER report,2010/102.
Changfeng Wang,Jikang Zhao,Long Zhu and Yijun Bao(2016),“Effects of Vertical Excitation on the Seismic Performance of a Seismically Isolated Bridge with Sliding Friction Bearings,”Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,15(1):187-196.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-016-0315-3.
Electrical Power Research Institute(EPRI)(1988),“ACriterion for determining Exceedance of the Operating Basis Earthquake,”EPRI NP-5930,Palo Alto,CA.
Goda K,Campbell G,Hulme L,Ismael B,Ke L,Marsh R,Sammonds P,So E,Okumura Y,Kishi N and Koyama M(2016),“The 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes:Cascading Geological Hazards and Compounding Risks,”Frontiers in Built Environment,2:19.
Hall JF,Heaton TH,Halling MW and Wald DJ(1995),“Near Source Ground Motion and Its Effects on Flexible Buildings,”Earthquake Spectra,11:569?60.
Housner GW(1952),“Spectrum Intensity of Strong Motion Earthquakes,”Proceedings of the Symposium on Earthquakes and Blast Effects on Structures,Earthquake Engineering Research Institute,California,20-36.
Housner GW and Jennings PC(1964),“Generation of Artificial Earthquakes,”Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division,ASCE,90:113?150.
Huang NE,Shen Z,Long SR,Wu CM,Shih HH,Zheng Q,Yen NC,Tung CC and Liu HH(1998),“The Empirical Mode Decomposition and the Hilbert Spectrum for Nonlinear and Nonstationary Time Series Analysis,”Proceedings,Royal Society A,454:903-995.
Iyengar RN and Shinozuka M(1972),“Effect of SelfWeight and Vertical Acceleration on the Behaviour of Tall Structures during Earthquake,”Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1:69?78.
Iyengar RN and Prodhan KC(1983),“Classification and Rating of Strong Motion Earthquake records,”Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,11:415?426.
Japan Meteorological Agency,http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/en/2011 Earthquake.html
Jolliffe IT(2002),Principal Component Analysis,2nd edition,Springer.
Karim KR and Yamazaki F(2002),“Correlation of JMAInstrumental Seismic Intensity with Strong Motion Parameters,”Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,31:1191?1212.
Kojima K and Takewaki I(2016),“A Simple Evaluation Method of Seismic Resistance of Residential House under Two Consecutive Severe Ground Motions with Intensity 7,”Frontiers in Built Environment(Specialty section:Earthquake Engineering),2(15).
Kramer SL(1996),Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering,Prentice-Hall,New Jersey.
Legrue J and Menun C(2004),“Simulation of Nonstationary Ground Motions Using Wavelets,”Proceedings of 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,Canada,Paper 296.
Midorikawa S and Fukuoka T(1988),“Correlation of Japan Meteorological Agency Intensity Scale with Physical Parameters of Earthquake ground motion,”Zishin,41(2):223?233(in Japanese).
Moustafa A(2011),“Damage Based Design Earthquake Loads for Single-Degree-of-Freedom Structures,”Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,137(3):456?467.
National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention(NIED)network,Japan,https://www.kyoshin.bosai.go.jp.
Park YJ,Ang AHS and Wen YK(1985),“Seismic Damage Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Buildings,”Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,111(4):740-757.
Raghukanth STG and Sangeetha S(2013),“Empirical Mode Decomposition of Earthquake Accelerograms,”Adv in Adaptive Data Analysis,4(4):1250022.
Saragoni GR and Hart G(1974),“Simulation of Artificial Earthquakes,”Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2(2):249?267.
Schenk V,Mantlik F,Zhizhin MN and Tumarkin AG(1990),“Relation Between Macroseismic Intensity and Instrumental Parameters of Strong Motions-A Statistical Approach,”Natural Hazards,3:111?124.
Shabestari KT and Yamazaki F(1998),“Attenuation Relationship of JMA Intensity Scale Using JMARecords,”Proceedings of the 10th Japan Earthquake Engineering Symposium,1:559?534.
Shabestari KT and YamazakiF(2001),“A Proposal of Instrumental Seismic Intensity Scale Compatible with MMI Evaluated from Three-Component Acceleration Records,”Earthquake Spectra,17(4):711-723.
Site Classification for Seismic Design,International Building Code,2009,340?343.
Taniguchi M and Takewaki I(2015),“Bound of Earthquake Input Energy to Building Structure Considering Shallow and Deep Ground Uncertainties,”Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,77:267?273.
Trifunac MD and Brady AG(1975),“A Study on the Duration of Strong Earthquake Ground Motion,”Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,65(3):581-626.
Vanmarcke EH(1976),“Structural Response to Earthquakes,”Seismic Risk and Engineering Decisions,ch 8,C Lomnitz and E Rosenblueth,Editors,Elsevier Publishing Co.,Amsterdam,287?337.
Von Thun JL,Rochim LH,Scott GA and Wilson JA(1988),“Earthquake Ground Motions for Design and Analysis of Dams,”Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics II-Recent Advance in Ground Motion Evaluation,Geotechnical Special Publication 20,ASCE,New York,463?481.
Wu Z and Huang NE(2009),“Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition:A Noise-Assisted Data Analysis Method,”Adv.Adapt.Data Anal.,1(1):1-41.
Yamamoto Y(2011),“Stochastic Model for Earthquake Ground Motion Using Wavelet Packets,”Ph.D.Thesis,
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Stanford University,Stanford,California.
Zhang Fei,Gao Yufeng,Wu Yongxin,Zhang Ning and Qiu Yue(2016),“Effects of Vertical Seismic Acceleration on 3D Slope Stability,”Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,15(3):487?494.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-016-0338-9.
Arias A(1970),A Measure of Earthquake Intensity,Seismic Design for Nuclear Power Plants,Hansen RJ(Ed.),MIT Press,Cambridge,438-483.
Boore DM(2004),“Estimating Vs(30)(or NEHRP Site Classes)from Shallow Velocity Models(Depths<30m),”Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,94:591?597.
Boore DM and Bommer JJ(2005),“Processing of Strong Motion Accelerograms:Needs,Options and Consequences,”Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,25:93-115.
Bhargavi P and Raghukanth STG(2017),“Ground Motion Parameters for the 2011 Great Japan Tohoku Earthquake,”Journal of Earthquake Engineering,pp.1363-2469.doi:10.1080/13632469.2017.1342292.
Campbell KW and Bozorgnia Y(2010),“Analysis of Cumulative Absolute Velocity(CAV)and JMAInstrumental Seismic Intensity Using the PEER-NGAStrong Motion Database,”PEER report,2010/102.
Changfeng Wang,Jikang Zhao,Long Zhu and Yijun Bao(2016),“Effects of Vertical Excitation on the Seismic Performance of a Seismically Isolated Bridge with Sliding Friction Bearings,”Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,15(1):187-196.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-016-0315-3.
Electrical Power Research Institute(EPRI)(1988),“ACriterion for determining Exceedance of the Operating Basis Earthquake,”EPRI NP-5930,Palo Alto,CA.
Goda K,Campbell G,Hulme L,Ismael B,Ke L,Marsh R,Sammonds P,So E,Okumura Y,Kishi N and Koyama M(2016),“The 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes:Cascading Geological Hazards and Compounding Risks,”Frontiers in Built Environment,2:19.
Hall JF,Heaton TH,Halling MW and Wald DJ(1995),“Near Source Ground Motion and Its Effects on Flexible Buildings,”Earthquake Spectra,11:569?60.
Housner GW(1952),“Spectrum Intensity of Strong Motion Earthquakes,”Proceedings of the Symposium on Earthquakes and Blast Effects on Structures,Earthquake Engineering Research Institute,California,20-36.
Housner GW and Jennings PC(1964),“Generation of Artificial Earthquakes,”Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division,ASCE,90:113?150.
Huang NE,Shen Z,Long SR,Wu CM,Shih HH,Zheng Q,Yen NC,Tung CC and Liu HH(1998),“The Empirical Mode Decomposition and the Hilbert Spectrum for Nonlinear and Nonstationary Time Series Analysis,”Proceedings,Royal Society A,454:903-995.
Iyengar RN and Shinozuka M(1972),“Effect of SelfWeight and Vertical Acceleration on the Behaviour of Tall Structures during Earthquake,”Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1:69?78.
Iyengar RN and Prodhan KC(1983),“Classification and Rating of Strong Motion Earthquake records,”Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,11:415?426.
Japan Meteorological Agency,http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/en/2011 Earthquake.html
Jolliffe IT(2002),Principal Component Analysis,2nd edition,Springer.
Karim KR and Yamazaki F(2002),“Correlation of JMAInstrumental Seismic Intensity with Strong Motion Parameters,”Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,31:1191?1212.
Kojima K and Takewaki I(2016),“A Simple Evaluation Method of Seismic Resistance of Residential House under Two Consecutive Severe Ground Motions with Intensity 7,”Frontiers in Built Environment(Specialty section:Earthquake Engineering),2(15).
Kramer SL(1996),Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering,Prentice-Hall,New Jersey.
Legrue J and Menun C(2004),“Simulation of Nonstationary Ground Motions Using Wavelets,”Proceedings of 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,Canada,Paper 296.
Midorikawa S and Fukuoka T(1988),“Correlation of Japan Meteorological Agency Intensity Scale with Physical Parameters of Earthquake ground motion,”Zishin,41(2):223?233(in Japanese).
Moustafa A(2011),“Damage Based Design Earthquake Loads for Single-Degree-of-Freedom Structures,”Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,137(3):456?467.
National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention(NIED)network,Japan,https://www.kyoshin.bosai.go.jp.
Park YJ,Ang AHS and Wen YK(1985),“Seismic Damage Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Buildings,”Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,111(4):740-757.
Raghukanth STG and Sangeetha S(2013),“Empirical Mode Decomposition of Earthquake Accelerograms,”Adv in Adaptive Data Analysis,4(4):1250022.
Saragoni GR and Hart G(1974),“Simulation of Artificial Earthquakes,”Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2(2):249?267.
Schenk V,Mantlik F,Zhizhin MN and Tumarkin AG(1990),“Relation Between Macroseismic Intensity and Instrumental Parameters of Strong Motions-A Statistical Approach,”Natural Hazards,3:111?124.
Shabestari KT and Yamazaki F(1998),“Attenuation Relationship of JMA Intensity Scale Using JMARecords,”Proceedings of the 10th Japan Earthquake Engineering Symposium,1:559?534.
Shabestari KT and YamazakiF(2001),“A Proposal of Instrumental Seismic Intensity Scale Compatible with MMI Evaluated from Three-Component Acceleration Records,”Earthquake Spectra,17(4):711-723.
Site Classification for Seismic Design,International Building Code,2009,340?343.
Taniguchi M and Takewaki I(2015),“Bound of Earthquake Input Energy to Building Structure Considering Shallow and Deep Ground Uncertainties,”Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,77:267?273.
Trifunac MD and Brady AG(1975),“A Study on the Duration of Strong Earthquake Ground Motion,”Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,65(3):581-626.
Vanmarcke EH(1976),“Structural Response to Earthquakes,”Seismic Risk and Engineering Decisions,ch 8,C Lomnitz and E Rosenblueth,Editors,Elsevier Publishing Co.,Amsterdam,287?337.
Von Thun JL,Rochim LH,Scott GA and Wilson JA(1988),“Earthquake Ground Motions for Design and Analysis of Dams,”Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics II-Recent Advance in Ground Motion Evaluation,Geotechnical Special Publication 20,ASCE,New York,463?481.
Wu Z and Huang NE(2009),“Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition:A Noise-Assisted Data Analysis Method,”Adv.Adapt.Data Anal.,1(1):1-41.
Yamamoto Y(2011),“Stochastic Model for Earthquake Ground Motion Using Wavelet Packets,”Ph.D.Thesis,
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Stanford University,Stanford,California.
Zhang Fei,Gao Yufeng,Wu Yongxin,Zhang Ning and Qiu Yue(2016),“Effects of Vertical Seismic Acceleration on 3D Slope Stability,”Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,15(3):487?494.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-016-0338-9.