基于角弹性参数的多波地震储层预测方法
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摘要
弹性参数作为反映岩石弹性性质的参数,在储层预测中具有重要作用.常规弹性参数的构建主要基于PP波地震信息.PP波与PS波地震振幅因其携带的信息不同,对岩性与流体的敏感性也不同.本文提出联合利用PP波与PS波弹性阻抗以及角度信息构建角弹性参数来预测有利储层.首先,对常规PS波弹性阻抗方程进行重新推导,使得PS波弹性阻抗取值的数量级不随角度变化且能够与PP波弹性阻抗具备形式上的匹配;其次,根据常规弹性参数构建公式,采用PP波弹性阻抗、PS波弹性阻抗替代纵波阻抗、横波阻抗,提出角弹性参数的概念及构建公式,从而将角度信息引入到弹性参数的构建中;最后,在PP波与PS波弹性阻抗反演的基础上构建得到对储层敏感性较强的角弹性参数,利用角弹性参数的取值特征预测有利储层.模型与实际资料测试均表明角弹性参数具备较高的储层敏感性.
Elastic parameters represent the elastic properties of rocks and play an important role in reservoir prediction.The construction of conventional elastic parameters is mainly based on the information of PP wave seismic data.Due to the different amplitude information carried by PP and PS waves,the sensitivities of PP and PS wave seismic data to lithology and fluid are different.The comprehensive use of PP wave and PS wave information can reduce the multi-solution of reservoir prediction.This study investigates reservoir prediction by using PP and PS wave information jointly.Based on the previous research on PS wave elastic impedance,a new form of PS wave elastic impedance equation which can keep consistency with the PP wave elastic impedance equation is derived.According to the construction formula of conventional elastic parameters,we use PP and new PS wave elastic impedance instead of P and S wave impedance to construct a new kind of elastic parameters with the concept of angle-elastic parameters.Comparing with the conventional elastic parameters,the angle-elastic parameters have incidence angle and PS wave information and can be used as more sensitive indicators of reservoirs.Tests on both the model and real data show that the angle-elastic parameters have high sensitivity to beneficial zones of reservoirs.
Elastic parameters represent the elastic properties of rocks and play an important role in reservoir prediction.The construction of conventional elastic parameters is mainly based on the information of PP wave seismic data.Due to the different amplitude information carried by PP and PS waves,the sensitivities of PP and PS wave seismic data to lithology and fluid are different.The comprehensive use of PP wave and PS wave information can reduce the multi-solution of reservoir prediction.This study investigates reservoir prediction by using PP and PS wave information jointly.Based on the previous research on PS wave elastic impedance,a new form of PS wave elastic impedance equation which can keep consistency with the PP wave elastic impedance equation is derived.According to the construction formula of conventional elastic parameters,we use PP and new PS wave elastic impedance instead of P and S wave impedance to construct a new kind of elastic parameters with the concept of angle-elastic parameters.Comparing with the conventional elastic parameters,the angle-elastic parameters have incidence angle and PS wave information and can be used as more sensitive indicators of reservoirs.Tests on both the model and real data show that the angle-elastic parameters have high sensitivity to beneficial zones of reservoirs.
引文
Avseth P,Mukerji T,Mavko G.2005.Quantitative Seismic Interpretation:Applying Rock Physics Tools to Reduce Interpretation Risk.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.doi:10.1017/CB09780511600074.
Barnola A,Ibram M.2014.3Dsimultaneous joint PP-PS prestack seismic inversion at Schiehallion field,United Kingdom Continental Shelf.Geophysical Prospecting,62(2):278-292,doi:10.1111/1365-2478.12077.
Connolly P.1999.Elastic impedance.The Leading Edge,18(4):438-452,doi:10.1190/1.143807.
Debski W,Tarantola A.1995.Information on elastic parameters obtained from the amplitudes of reflected waves.Geophysics,60(5):1426-1436,doi:10.1190/1.1443877.
Duffaut K,Alsos T,RognH,et al.2000.Shear wave elastic impedance.Leading Edge,19(11):1222-1229,doi:10.1190/1.1438510.
Fatti J L,Smith G C,Vail P J,et al.1994.Detection of gas in sandstone reservoirs using AVO analysis:A 3-D seismic case history using the Geostack technique.Geophysics,59(9):1362-1376,doi:10.1190/1.1443695.
Feng H,Bancroft J C,Russell B.2007.A comparison of hydrocarbon indicators derived from AVO analysis.∥2007SEG Annual Meeting.San Antonio,Texas:SPE,279-282.
Gan L D,Zhao B L,Du W H,et al.2005.The potential analysis of elastic impedance in the lithology and fluid prediction.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),44(5):504-508,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2005.05.020.
Goodway B,Chen T W,Downton J.1997.Improved AVO fluid detection and lithology discrimination using Lamépetrophysical parameters;“λρ”,μρ,λ/μfluid stack”,from P and Sinversions.∥1997SEG Annual Meeting.Dallas,Texas:SPE,183-186,doi:10.1190/1.1885795.
Gray D,Goodway B,Chen T W.1999.Bridging the gap:Using AVO to detect changes in fundamental elastic constants.∥1999SEG Annual Meeting.Houston,Texas:SPE,852-855,doi:10.1190/1.1821163.
Gui J Y,Gao J H,Yong X S,et al.2015a.Inversion of reservoir parameters based on dual-phase media theory.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(9):3424-3438,doi:10.6038/cjg20150934.
Gui J Y,Gao J H,Li S J,et al.2015b.Reservoir-oriented fluid factor optimization method.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),50(1):129-135,doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.2015.01.020.
Hilterman F J.1989.Is AVO the seismic signature of rock properties?.∥1989 SEG Annual Meeting.Dallas,Texas:SPE,559-559,doi:10.1190/1.1889652.
Hou D J,Liu Y,Hu G Q,et al.2014.Prestack multiwave joint inversion for elastic moduli based on Bayesian theory.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(4):1251-1264,doi:10.6038/cjg20140422.
Huang X D.1981.Building-up and development of lithologic seismic prospecting.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),24(2):218-228.
Kurt H.2007.Joint inversion of AVA data for elastic parameters by bootstrapping.Computers&Geosciences,33(3):367-382,doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2006.08.012.
Larsen J A,Margrave G F,Lu H X.1999.AVO analysis by simultaneous P-P and P-S weighted stacking applied to 3C-3DSeismic data.∥1999SEG Annual Meeting.Houston,Texas:SPE,721-724,doi:10.1190/1.1821127.
Lu J,Yang Z,Wang Y,et al.2015.Joint PP and PS AVA seismic inversion using exact zoeppritz equations.Geophysics,80(5):R239-R250,doi:10.1190/geo2014-0490.1.
Mallick S.2012.AVO and elastic impedance.Geophysics,20(10):1094-1104,doi:10.1190/1.1487239.
Margrave G F,Stewart R R,Larsen J A.2001.Joint PP and PSseismic inversion.The Leading Edge,20(9):1048-1052,doi:10.1190/1.1487311.
Mavko G,Mukerji T,Dvorkin J.2009.The Rock Physics Handbook:Tools for Seismic Analysis of Porous Media.2nd ed.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,doi 10.1017/CBO9780511626753.
Nycz J.2016.Characterizing Heterogeneities in a Clastic Reservoir Using Joint/Simultaneous PP/PS Inversion,4D Timelapse,Multi Attribute Analysis,and PSDM.∥2016 ASEG Annual Meeting.Clayton,Monash:CRISO,doi:10.1071/ASEG2016ab250.
Pan X P,Zhang G Z,Song J J,et al.2017.Robust elastic impedance inversion using l1-norm misfit function and constraint regularization.Journal of Central South University,24(1):227-235,doi:10.1007/s11771-017-3423-y.
Riedel M,Lee M W,Bellefleur G.2010.Inversion of seismic data for elastic parameters:A tool for gas-hydrate characterization.∥Geophysical Characterization of Gas Hydrates.Society of Exploration Geophysicists,doi:10.1190/1.9781560802197.ch7.
Roberts R,Bedingfield J,Phelps D,et al.2005.Hybrid inversion techniques used to derive key elastic parameters:A case study from the Nile Delta.The Leading Edge,24(1):86-92,doi:10.1190/1.1859708.
Russell B H,Hedlin K,Hilterman F J,et al.2003.Fluid-property discrimination with AVO:A biot-gassmann perspective.Geophysics,68(1):29-39,doi:10.1190/1.1543192.
Russell B H,Hampson D P,Hirsche K,et al.2005.Joint simultaneous inversion of PP and PS angle gathers.CREWES Research Report,17:1-14.
Smith G C,Gidlow P M.1987.Weighted stacking for rock property estimation and detection of gas.Geophysical Prospecting,35(9):993-1014,doi:10.1111/j.1365-2478.1987.tb00856.x.
Stewart R R.1990.Joint P and P-SV inversion:CREWES Research Report,vol.3.https:∥www.crewes.org/ForOurSponsors/ResearchReports/abstract.php?file=/ForOurSponsors/ResearchReports/1990.
Ursenbach C.2003.Can multicomponent or joint AVO inversion improve impedance estimates?.∥2003SEG Annual Meeting.Dallas,Texas:SPE,161-164,doi:10.1190/1.1817612.
Veire H H,Landro M.2006.Simultaneous inversion of PP-and PSseismic data.Geophysics,71(3):R1-R10,doi:10.1190/1.2194533.
VerWest B,Masters R,Sena A.2000.Elastic impedance inversion.∥2000SEG Annual Meeting.Calgary,Alberta:SPE,1580-1582,doi:10.1190/1.1815713.
Wang B L,Yin X Y,Zhang F C.2005.Elastic impedance inversion and its application.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),20(1):89-92,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.01.017.
Whitcombe D N.2002.Elastic impedance normalization.Geophysics,67(1):60-62,doi:10.1190/1.1451331.
Yin X Y,Zong Z Y,Wu G C.2015.Research on seismic fluid identification driven by rock physics.Science China Earth Sciences,58(2):159-171,doi:10.1007/s11430-014-4992-3.
Zhao B L.2007.Theory and Practice of Multi-Component Seismic Technology.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press.
Zhen X D.1991.Relationships between converted and non-converted waves and parameter p.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),34(6):781-787.
甘利灯,赵邦六,杜文辉等.2005.弹性阻抗在岩性与流体预测中的潜力分析.石油物探,44(5):504-508,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2005.05.020.
桂金咏,高建虎,雍学善等.2015a.基于双相介质理论的储层参数反演方法.地球物理学报,58(9):3424-3438,doi:10.6038/cjg20150934.
桂金咏,高建虎,李胜军等.2015b.面向实际储层的流体因子优选方法.石油地球物理勘探,50(1):129-135,doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.2015.01.020.
侯栋甲,刘洋,胡国庆等.2014.基于贝叶斯理论的叠前多波联合反演弹性模量方法.地球物理学报,57(4):1251-1264,doi:10.6038/cjg20140422.
黄绪德.1981.建立和发展岩性地震勘探法.地球物理学报,24(2):218-228.
王保丽,印兴耀,张繁昌.2005.弹性阻抗反演及应用研究.地球物理学进展,20(1):89-92,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.01.017.
印兴耀,宗兆云,吴国忱.2015.岩石物理驱动下地震流体识别研究.中国科学:地球科学,45(1):8-21.
赵邦六.2007.多分量地震勘探技术理论与实践.北京:石油工业出版社.
郑晓东.1991.转换波和非转换波与射线参数p的关系.地球物理学报,34(6):781-787.
Barnola A,Ibram M.2014.3Dsimultaneous joint PP-PS prestack seismic inversion at Schiehallion field,United Kingdom Continental Shelf.Geophysical Prospecting,62(2):278-292,doi:10.1111/1365-2478.12077.
Connolly P.1999.Elastic impedance.The Leading Edge,18(4):438-452,doi:10.1190/1.143807.
Debski W,Tarantola A.1995.Information on elastic parameters obtained from the amplitudes of reflected waves.Geophysics,60(5):1426-1436,doi:10.1190/1.1443877.
Duffaut K,Alsos T,RognH,et al.2000.Shear wave elastic impedance.Leading Edge,19(11):1222-1229,doi:10.1190/1.1438510.
Fatti J L,Smith G C,Vail P J,et al.1994.Detection of gas in sandstone reservoirs using AVO analysis:A 3-D seismic case history using the Geostack technique.Geophysics,59(9):1362-1376,doi:10.1190/1.1443695.
Feng H,Bancroft J C,Russell B.2007.A comparison of hydrocarbon indicators derived from AVO analysis.∥2007SEG Annual Meeting.San Antonio,Texas:SPE,279-282.
Gan L D,Zhao B L,Du W H,et al.2005.The potential analysis of elastic impedance in the lithology and fluid prediction.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),44(5):504-508,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2005.05.020.
Goodway B,Chen T W,Downton J.1997.Improved AVO fluid detection and lithology discrimination using Lamépetrophysical parameters;“λρ”,μρ,λ/μfluid stack”,from P and Sinversions.∥1997SEG Annual Meeting.Dallas,Texas:SPE,183-186,doi:10.1190/1.1885795.
Gray D,Goodway B,Chen T W.1999.Bridging the gap:Using AVO to detect changes in fundamental elastic constants.∥1999SEG Annual Meeting.Houston,Texas:SPE,852-855,doi:10.1190/1.1821163.
Gui J Y,Gao J H,Yong X S,et al.2015a.Inversion of reservoir parameters based on dual-phase media theory.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(9):3424-3438,doi:10.6038/cjg20150934.
Gui J Y,Gao J H,Li S J,et al.2015b.Reservoir-oriented fluid factor optimization method.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),50(1):129-135,doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.2015.01.020.
Hilterman F J.1989.Is AVO the seismic signature of rock properties?.∥1989 SEG Annual Meeting.Dallas,Texas:SPE,559-559,doi:10.1190/1.1889652.
Hou D J,Liu Y,Hu G Q,et al.2014.Prestack multiwave joint inversion for elastic moduli based on Bayesian theory.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(4):1251-1264,doi:10.6038/cjg20140422.
Huang X D.1981.Building-up and development of lithologic seismic prospecting.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),24(2):218-228.
Kurt H.2007.Joint inversion of AVA data for elastic parameters by bootstrapping.Computers&Geosciences,33(3):367-382,doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2006.08.012.
Larsen J A,Margrave G F,Lu H X.1999.AVO analysis by simultaneous P-P and P-S weighted stacking applied to 3C-3DSeismic data.∥1999SEG Annual Meeting.Houston,Texas:SPE,721-724,doi:10.1190/1.1821127.
Lu J,Yang Z,Wang Y,et al.2015.Joint PP and PS AVA seismic inversion using exact zoeppritz equations.Geophysics,80(5):R239-R250,doi:10.1190/geo2014-0490.1.
Mallick S.2012.AVO and elastic impedance.Geophysics,20(10):1094-1104,doi:10.1190/1.1487239.
Margrave G F,Stewart R R,Larsen J A.2001.Joint PP and PSseismic inversion.The Leading Edge,20(9):1048-1052,doi:10.1190/1.1487311.
Mavko G,Mukerji T,Dvorkin J.2009.The Rock Physics Handbook:Tools for Seismic Analysis of Porous Media.2nd ed.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,doi 10.1017/CBO9780511626753.
Nycz J.2016.Characterizing Heterogeneities in a Clastic Reservoir Using Joint/Simultaneous PP/PS Inversion,4D Timelapse,Multi Attribute Analysis,and PSDM.∥2016 ASEG Annual Meeting.Clayton,Monash:CRISO,doi:10.1071/ASEG2016ab250.
Pan X P,Zhang G Z,Song J J,et al.2017.Robust elastic impedance inversion using l1-norm misfit function and constraint regularization.Journal of Central South University,24(1):227-235,doi:10.1007/s11771-017-3423-y.
Riedel M,Lee M W,Bellefleur G.2010.Inversion of seismic data for elastic parameters:A tool for gas-hydrate characterization.∥Geophysical Characterization of Gas Hydrates.Society of Exploration Geophysicists,doi:10.1190/1.9781560802197.ch7.
Roberts R,Bedingfield J,Phelps D,et al.2005.Hybrid inversion techniques used to derive key elastic parameters:A case study from the Nile Delta.The Leading Edge,24(1):86-92,doi:10.1190/1.1859708.
Russell B H,Hedlin K,Hilterman F J,et al.2003.Fluid-property discrimination with AVO:A biot-gassmann perspective.Geophysics,68(1):29-39,doi:10.1190/1.1543192.
Russell B H,Hampson D P,Hirsche K,et al.2005.Joint simultaneous inversion of PP and PS angle gathers.CREWES Research Report,17:1-14.
Smith G C,Gidlow P M.1987.Weighted stacking for rock property estimation and detection of gas.Geophysical Prospecting,35(9):993-1014,doi:10.1111/j.1365-2478.1987.tb00856.x.
Stewart R R.1990.Joint P and P-SV inversion:CREWES Research Report,vol.3.https:∥www.crewes.org/ForOurSponsors/ResearchReports/abstract.php?file=/ForOurSponsors/ResearchReports/1990.
Ursenbach C.2003.Can multicomponent or joint AVO inversion improve impedance estimates?.∥2003SEG Annual Meeting.Dallas,Texas:SPE,161-164,doi:10.1190/1.1817612.
Veire H H,Landro M.2006.Simultaneous inversion of PP-and PSseismic data.Geophysics,71(3):R1-R10,doi:10.1190/1.2194533.
VerWest B,Masters R,Sena A.2000.Elastic impedance inversion.∥2000SEG Annual Meeting.Calgary,Alberta:SPE,1580-1582,doi:10.1190/1.1815713.
Wang B L,Yin X Y,Zhang F C.2005.Elastic impedance inversion and its application.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),20(1):89-92,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.01.017.
Whitcombe D N.2002.Elastic impedance normalization.Geophysics,67(1):60-62,doi:10.1190/1.1451331.
Yin X Y,Zong Z Y,Wu G C.2015.Research on seismic fluid identification driven by rock physics.Science China Earth Sciences,58(2):159-171,doi:10.1007/s11430-014-4992-3.
Zhao B L.2007.Theory and Practice of Multi-Component Seismic Technology.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press.
Zhen X D.1991.Relationships between converted and non-converted waves and parameter p.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),34(6):781-787.
甘利灯,赵邦六,杜文辉等.2005.弹性阻抗在岩性与流体预测中的潜力分析.石油物探,44(5):504-508,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2005.05.020.
桂金咏,高建虎,雍学善等.2015a.基于双相介质理论的储层参数反演方法.地球物理学报,58(9):3424-3438,doi:10.6038/cjg20150934.
桂金咏,高建虎,李胜军等.2015b.面向实际储层的流体因子优选方法.石油地球物理勘探,50(1):129-135,doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.2015.01.020.
侯栋甲,刘洋,胡国庆等.2014.基于贝叶斯理论的叠前多波联合反演弹性模量方法.地球物理学报,57(4):1251-1264,doi:10.6038/cjg20140422.
黄绪德.1981.建立和发展岩性地震勘探法.地球物理学报,24(2):218-228.
王保丽,印兴耀,张繁昌.2005.弹性阻抗反演及应用研究.地球物理学进展,20(1):89-92,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.01.017.
印兴耀,宗兆云,吴国忱.2015.岩石物理驱动下地震流体识别研究.中国科学:地球科学,45(1):8-21.
赵邦六.2007.多分量地震勘探技术理论与实践.北京:石油工业出版社.
郑晓东.1991.转换波和非转换波与射线参数p的关系.地球物理学报,34(6):781-787.