基于计算岩石物理方法的页岩储层弹性参数提取
|
摘要
发展了应用数值计算方法获取页岩储层的速度、各向异性参数的计算岩石物理系列方法.该系列方法包括了大尺度精细地质模型数值建模、计算网格尺度的地球物理建模和地震波数值模拟提取岩石物理弹性参数.本文方法利用储层的统计数据而不是具体岩心的测量数据,可获得储层岩石物理弹性参数的变化规律.相比于基于岩心测试的岩石物理方法,本文方法可精细考虑实际储层的非均匀特征,可得到岩心测试难以求取的与尺寸效应高度相关的弹性参数,也避免了求取弹性参数变化规律时获取不同地质特征岩心的困难.本文发展了计算岩石物理方法,为计算岩石物理面临的大尺度地质建模和计算能力限制问题提供了有效的解决方案.文中以胜利罗家的页岩储层为例,求得了储层TOC含量从3%到21%变化情况下储层的P波、S波速度以及各向异性参数变化规律.
A series of computational rock physics methods to obtain velocity and anisotropic parameters of shale reservoirs have been developed.This series of methods includes numerical modeling of large-scale refined geological models,grid-scale geophysical modeling and determining petrophysical parameters through numerical simulation of seismic waves.The methods proposed in this paper use statistical data of reservoirs rather than measurement data from cores to get varying patterns of reservoir rock physics elastic parameters.Compared to the rock physics method based on core measurement,this method can carefully consider the inhomogeneous characteristics of reservoirs,obtain the elastic parameters high related to the size effect which are difficult to acquire by core measuring,and can also avoid the difficulty of obtaining cores with different geological features when getting varying patterns of elastic parameters.In sum,a series of computational rock physical methods have been developed in this work,which provides aneffective solution to the problem of large scale geological modeling and computational capacity limitation.Taking the Luojia,Shengli shale reservoir as an example,P wave velocity,S wave velocity and anisotropy parameters of this reservoir varying with TOC content from 3% to 21%are obtained using this series of methods.
A series of computational rock physics methods to obtain velocity and anisotropic parameters of shale reservoirs have been developed.This series of methods includes numerical modeling of large-scale refined geological models,grid-scale geophysical modeling and determining petrophysical parameters through numerical simulation of seismic waves.The methods proposed in this paper use statistical data of reservoirs rather than measurement data from cores to get varying patterns of reservoir rock physics elastic parameters.Compared to the rock physics method based on core measurement,this method can carefully consider the inhomogeneous characteristics of reservoirs,obtain the elastic parameters high related to the size effect which are difficult to acquire by core measuring,and can also avoid the difficulty of obtaining cores with different geological features when getting varying patterns of elastic parameters.In sum,a series of computational rock physical methods have been developed in this work,which provides aneffective solution to the problem of large scale geological modeling and computational capacity limitation.Taking the Luojia,Shengli shale reservoir as an example,P wave velocity,S wave velocity and anisotropy parameters of this reservoir varying with TOC content from 3% to 21%are obtained using this series of methods.
引文
Berryman J G.1980.Long-wavelength propagation in composite elastic media I.Spherical inclusions.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,68(6):1809-1819.
Brown R J S,Korringa J.1975.On the dependence of the elastic properties of a porous rock on the compressibility of the pore fluid.Geophysics,40(4):608-616.
Deeks J,Lumley D,Shragge J.2012.Computational rock physics:wave propagation velocities in partially saturated rocks.∥SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts 2012.SEG,1-5.
Diaz E,Walls J,Marfisi N,et al.2013.Effective multi-scale rock characterization using digital rock physics applied to La Luna Formation,Middle Magdalena Valley Basin,Colombia.∥SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts 2013.SEG,2382-2386.
Dong N,Huo Z Z,Sun Z D,et al.2014.An investigation of a new rock physics model for shale.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(6):1990-1998,doi:10.6038/cjg20140629.
Dvorkin J,Armbruster M,Baldwin C,et al.2008.The future of rock physics:computational methods vs.lab testing.First Break,26(9):63-68.
Dvorkin J,Derzhi N,Diaz E,et al.2011.Relevance of computational rock physics.Geophysics,76(5):E141-E153.
Dvorkin J,Fang Q,Derzhi N.2012.Etudes in computational rock physics:Alterations and benchmarking.Geophysics,77(3):D45-D52.
Elfeki A,Dekking M.2001.A Markov chain model for subsurface characterization:Theory and application.Mathematical Geology,33(5):569-589.
Hill R.1965.A self-consistent mechanics of composite materials.Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,13(4):213-222.
Hudson J A.1981.Wave speeds and attenuation of elastic waves in material containing cracks.Geophysical Journal International,64(1):133-150.
Kuster G T,Toksoz M N.1974.Velocity and attenuation of seismic waves in two-phase media:Part I.Theoretical formulations.Geophysics,39(5):587-618.
Liu H M,Zhang S P,Wang P,et al.2012.Lithologic characteristics of Lower Es3shale in Luojia area,Zhanghua Sag.Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency(in Chinese),19(6):11-15.
Mavko G,Mukerji T,Dvorkin J.2009.The Rock Physics Handbook.2nd ed.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Qin X,Han D H,Zhao L X.2014.Rock physics modeling of organic-rich shales with different maturity levels.∥2014SEGAnnual Meeting.Denver,Colorado,USA:SEG,2952-2957.
Schwarzacher W.1969.The use of Markov chains in the study of sedimentary cycles.Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology,1(1):17-39.
Tsvankin I.1996.P-wave signature and notation for transversely isotropic media:an overview.Geophysics,61(2):467-483.
Wang M,Zhu J J,Yu G H,et al.2013.The shale lithofacies characteristics and logging analysis techniques in Luojia area.Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),37(4):426-431.
Zhang J F,Verschuur D J.2002.Elastic wave propagation in heterogeneous anisotropic media using the lumped finite-element method.Geophysics,67(2):625-638.
Zhang J F,Gao H W.2009.Elastic wave modelling in 3-D fractured media:An explicit approach.Geophysical Journal International,177(3):1233-1241.
董宁,霍志周,孙赞东等.2014.泥页岩岩石物理建模研究.地球物理学报,57(6):1990-1998,doi:10.6038/cjg20140629.
刘惠民,张守鹏,王朴等.2012.沾化凹陷罗家地区沙三段下亚段页岩岩石学特征.油气地质与采收率,19(6):11-15.
王敏,朱家俊,余光华等.2013.罗家地区泥页岩岩相特征及测井分析技术.测井技术,37(4):426-431.
Brown R J S,Korringa J.1975.On the dependence of the elastic properties of a porous rock on the compressibility of the pore fluid.Geophysics,40(4):608-616.
Deeks J,Lumley D,Shragge J.2012.Computational rock physics:wave propagation velocities in partially saturated rocks.∥SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts 2012.SEG,1-5.
Diaz E,Walls J,Marfisi N,et al.2013.Effective multi-scale rock characterization using digital rock physics applied to La Luna Formation,Middle Magdalena Valley Basin,Colombia.∥SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts 2013.SEG,2382-2386.
Dong N,Huo Z Z,Sun Z D,et al.2014.An investigation of a new rock physics model for shale.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(6):1990-1998,doi:10.6038/cjg20140629.
Dvorkin J,Armbruster M,Baldwin C,et al.2008.The future of rock physics:computational methods vs.lab testing.First Break,26(9):63-68.
Dvorkin J,Derzhi N,Diaz E,et al.2011.Relevance of computational rock physics.Geophysics,76(5):E141-E153.
Dvorkin J,Fang Q,Derzhi N.2012.Etudes in computational rock physics:Alterations and benchmarking.Geophysics,77(3):D45-D52.
Elfeki A,Dekking M.2001.A Markov chain model for subsurface characterization:Theory and application.Mathematical Geology,33(5):569-589.
Hill R.1965.A self-consistent mechanics of composite materials.Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,13(4):213-222.
Hudson J A.1981.Wave speeds and attenuation of elastic waves in material containing cracks.Geophysical Journal International,64(1):133-150.
Kuster G T,Toksoz M N.1974.Velocity and attenuation of seismic waves in two-phase media:Part I.Theoretical formulations.Geophysics,39(5):587-618.
Liu H M,Zhang S P,Wang P,et al.2012.Lithologic characteristics of Lower Es3shale in Luojia area,Zhanghua Sag.Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency(in Chinese),19(6):11-15.
Mavko G,Mukerji T,Dvorkin J.2009.The Rock Physics Handbook.2nd ed.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Qin X,Han D H,Zhao L X.2014.Rock physics modeling of organic-rich shales with different maturity levels.∥2014SEGAnnual Meeting.Denver,Colorado,USA:SEG,2952-2957.
Schwarzacher W.1969.The use of Markov chains in the study of sedimentary cycles.Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology,1(1):17-39.
Tsvankin I.1996.P-wave signature and notation for transversely isotropic media:an overview.Geophysics,61(2):467-483.
Wang M,Zhu J J,Yu G H,et al.2013.The shale lithofacies characteristics and logging analysis techniques in Luojia area.Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),37(4):426-431.
Zhang J F,Verschuur D J.2002.Elastic wave propagation in heterogeneous anisotropic media using the lumped finite-element method.Geophysics,67(2):625-638.
Zhang J F,Gao H W.2009.Elastic wave modelling in 3-D fractured media:An explicit approach.Geophysical Journal International,177(3):1233-1241.
董宁,霍志周,孙赞东等.2014.泥页岩岩石物理建模研究.地球物理学报,57(6):1990-1998,doi:10.6038/cjg20140629.
刘惠民,张守鹏,王朴等.2012.沾化凹陷罗家地区沙三段下亚段页岩岩石学特征.油气地质与采收率,19(6):11-15.
王敏,朱家俊,余光华等.2013.罗家地区泥页岩岩相特征及测井分析技术.测井技术,37(4):426-431.