利用TWSRC试件进行砂岩与PMMA脆性材料裂纹断裂特性研究
|
摘要
不同脆性材料在冲击载荷作用下,起裂时间、裂纹扩展速度及动态起裂韧度等断裂力学参数将呈现不同的表现形式。选择青砂岩、红砂岩、黑砂岩及PMMA(polymethylmethacrylate)4种脆性材料作为研究对象,采用TWSRC(tunnel with single radial crack)试件,结合裂纹扩展计对预制裂纹的起裂时刻及扩展时刻进行测试,结合试验–数值法对动态起裂韧度进行计算,并采用有限差分法程序对试件的破坏行为进行数值分析,将冲击试验结果与数值模拟结果进行对比分析,可以得到以下结论:(1)裂纹平均扩展速度随着脆性材料弹性模量的增加逐渐增大,而起裂时间呈现反比例关系;(2)脆性材料的动态起裂韧度随着脆性材料弹性模量的增加而逐渐增大;(3)在冲击载荷作用下,3种岩石材料的破坏形式与PMMA的破坏形式有很大差别。
The fracture parameters such as crack initiation time,crack propagation velocity and dynamic crack initiation toughness of different brittle materials will be different under impact loads. In this paper,the crack propagation characteristics of four types of common brittle materials including green sandstone,red sandstone,black sandstone and PMMA(polymethyl methacrylate) were investigated under dynamic loading.. The crack propagation velocity and crack initiation time were measured by utilizing TWSRC(tunnel with single radial crack)samples and crack propagation gauges(CPG), and the initiation fracture toughness was calculated by experimental-numerical approach. The failure behaviors of the TWSRC samples were analyzed by the finite difference code AUTODYN. Through comparisons between the test results and the numerical results,some significant conclusions were obtained as follows. The crack propagation velocity increases with increasing the elastic modulus of the brittle materials and,conversely,the crack initiation time decreases. The dynamic crack initiation toughness of brittle materials increases with increasing the elastic modulus of the brittle materials. Under the same impact loading,the failure behaviors of three types of rock materials are greatly different from those of PMMA.
The fracture parameters such as crack initiation time,crack propagation velocity and dynamic crack initiation toughness of different brittle materials will be different under impact loads. In this paper,the crack propagation characteristics of four types of common brittle materials including green sandstone,red sandstone,black sandstone and PMMA(polymethyl methacrylate) were investigated under dynamic loading.. The crack propagation velocity and crack initiation time were measured by utilizing TWSRC(tunnel with single radial crack)samples and crack propagation gauges(CPG), and the initiation fracture toughness was calculated by experimental-numerical approach. The failure behaviors of the TWSRC samples were analyzed by the finite difference code AUTODYN. Through comparisons between the test results and the numerical results,some significant conclusions were obtained as follows. The crack propagation velocity increases with increasing the elastic modulus of the brittle materials and,conversely,the crack initiation time decreases. The dynamic crack initiation toughness of brittle materials increases with increasing the elastic modulus of the brittle materials. Under the same impact loading,the failure behaviors of three types of rock materials are greatly different from those of PMMA.
引文
[1]YANG R,WANG Y,DING C.Laboratory study of wave propagation due to explosion in a jointed medium[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2016,81:70-78.
[2]ZOU C,WONG L N Y,LOO J J,et al.Different mechanical and cracking behaviors of single-flawed brittle gypsum specimens under dynamic and quasi-static loadings[J].Engineering Geology,2016,201:71-84.
[3]李地元,韩震宇,孙小磊,等.含预制裂隙大理岩SHPB动态力学破坏特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(12):2 872-2 883.(LI Diyaun,HAN Zhengyu,SUN Xiaolei,et al.Characteristics of dynamic failure of marble with artificial flaws under split Hopkinson pressure bar tests[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(12):2 872-2 883.(in Chinese))
[4]宋义敏,何爱军,王泽军,等.冲击载荷作用下岩石动态断裂试验研究[J].岩土力学.2015,36(4):965-970.(SONG Yiming,HE Aijun,WANG Zhejun,et al.Experiment study of the dynamic fractures of rock under impact loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(4):965-970.(in Chinese))
[5]LI D,HAN Z,SUN X,et al.Dynamic mechanical properties and fracturing behavior of marble specimens containing single and double flaws in SHPB tests[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-018-1625-5.
[6]QIU J,LI D,LI X.Dynamic failure of a phyllite with a low degree of metamorphism under impact Brazilian test[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2017,94:10-17.
[7]ALIHA M R M,BAHMANI A,AKHONDI S.Mixed mode fracture toughness testing of PMMA with different three-point bend type specimens[J].European Journal of Mechanics-A/Solids,2016,58:148-162.
[8]WANG M,ZHU Z,DONG Y,et al.Study of mixed-mode I/IIfractures using single cleavage semicircle compression specimens under impacting loads[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2017,177:33-44.
[9]ZHANG Q B,ZHAO J.Effect of loading rate on fracture toughness and failure micromechanisms in marble[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2013,102(2):288-309.
[10]ZHANG Q B,ZHAO J.Determination of mechanical properties and full-field strain measurements of rock material under dynamic loads[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2013,60(8):423-439.
[11]GAO G,YAO W,XIA K,et al.Investigation of the rate dependence of fracture propagation in rocks using digital image correlation(DIC)method[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2015,138(1):146-155.
[12]张财贵,周妍,杨井瑞,等.用边裂纹平台圆环试样测试岩石的Ⅰ型动态断裂韧度[J].水利学报,2014,45(6):691-700.(ZHANG Caigui,ZHOU Yan,YANG Jinrui,et al.Determination of model-I dynamic fracture toughness of rock using edge cracked flattened ring(ECFR)specimen[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2014,45(6):691-700.(in Chinese))
[13]曹富,杨丽萍,李炼,等.压缩单裂纹圆孔板(SCDC)岩石动态断裂全过程研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(6):1 573-1 582.(CAO Fu,YANG Liping,LI Lian,et al.Research on whole dynamical fracture process of rock using single cleavage drilled compression(SCDC)specimen[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(6):1 573-1 582.(in Chinese))
[14]李地元,成腾蛟,周韬,等.冲击载荷作用下含孔洞大理岩动态力学破坏特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(2):249-260.(LI Diyuan,CHENG Tengjiao,ZHOU Tao,et al.Experimental study of the dynamic strength and fracturing characteristics of marble specimens with a single hole under impact loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(2):249-260.(in Chinese))
[15]ZHU Z,WANG C,KANG J,et al.Study on the mechanism of zonal disintegration around an excavation[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2014,67(4):88-95.
[16]朱哲明,刘凯,康骥鸣,等.缓慢卸载P波诱发岩体不连续断裂破坏的可能性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增2):3 948-3 955.(ZHU Zheming,LIU Kai,KANG Jiming,et al.Study of slowly unloading p-waves causing discrete fracture mechanism[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(Supp.2):3 948-3 955.(in Chinese))
[17]WONG L N Y,LI H.Numerical study on coalescence of two pre-existing coplanar flaws in rock[J].International Journal of Solids Structures,2013,50(22/23):3 685-3 706.
[18]LI H,WONG L N Y.Influence of flaw inclination angle and loading condition on crack initiation and propagation[J].International Journal of Solids Structures,2012,49(18):2 482-2 499.
[19]JIANG H,DU C,LIU S,et al.Numerical simulation of rock fragmentation under the impact load of water jet[J].Shock and Vibration,2014,DOI:10.1155/2014/219489.
[20]JIANG H,DU C,LIU Z.Theoretical and numerical investigation on rock fragmentation under high-pressure water-jet impact[J].Iranian Journal of Science and Technology,Transactions of Civil Engineering,2017,41(3):305-315.
[21]JIANG H,LIU Z,GAO K.Numerical simulation on rock fragmentation by discontinuous water-jet using coupled SPH/FEAmethod[J].Powder Technology,2017,312:248-259.
[22]HUANG D,GU D,YANG C,et al.Investigation on mechanical behaviors of sandstone with two preexisting flaws under triaxial compression[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2015,49(2):375-399.
[23]WANG Q,YANG J,ZHANG C,et al.Determination of dynamic crack initiation and propagation toughness of a rock using a hybrid experimental-numerical approach[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2016,142(12):1-9.
[24]JIANG F,LIU R,ZHANG X,et al.Evaluation of dynamic fracture toughness KId by Hopkinson pressure bar loaded instrumented Charpy impact test[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2004,71(3):279-287.
[25]FAYE A,PARAMESWARAN V,BASU S.Dynamic fracture initiation toughness of PMMA:A critical evaluation[J].Mechanics of Materials,2016,94:156-169.
[26]郭东明,刘康,王雁冰,等.爆炸荷载对邻近巷道裂纹群影响规律动焦散试验[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(增1):64-69.(GUODongming,LIU Kang,WANG Yanbing,et al.Dynamic caustics test of blast load impact on the group of crack surrounding neighboring roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(Supp.1):64-69.(in Chinese))
[27]杨仁树,苏洪,龚悦,等.爆炸荷载下不对称Y型裂纹扩展规律的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(8):2 175-2 181.(YANG Renshu,SU Hong,GONG Yue,et al.Study on the regularity of asymmetric Y-shaped cracks propagation under blast loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(8):2 175-2 181.(in Chinese))
[28]ZHANG Q B,ZHAO J.A review of dynamic experimental techniques and mechanical behaviour of rock materials[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2014,47(4):1 411-1 478.
[29]ZHOU L,ZHU Z,WANG M,et al.Dynamic propagation behavior of cracks emanating from tunnel edges under impact loads[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2018,105:119-126.
[30]赵毅鑫,肖汉,黄亚琼.霍普金森杆冲击加载煤样巴西圆盘劈裂试验研究[J].煤炭学报.2014,39(2):286-291.(ZHAOYixin,XIAO Han,HUANG Yaqiong.Dynamic split tensile test of Brazilian disc of coal withsplit Hopkinson pressure barloading[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):286-291.(in Chinese))
[31]ZHAO Y,GONG S,HAO X,et al.Effects of loading rate and bedding on the dynamic fracture toughness of coal:Laboratory experiments[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2017,178:375-391.
[32]谢晓锋,陶明,吴秋红,等.不同形状砂岩的动态力学特性[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2017,48(9):2 441-2 448.(XIE Xiaofeng,TAO Ming,WU Qiuhong,et al.Dynamic properties of sandstones with different shapes[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2017,48(9):2 441-2 448.(in Chinese))
[33]LI X,ZOU Y,ZHOU Z.Numerical simulation of the rock SHPBtest with a special shape striker based on the discrete element method[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2013,47(5):1 693-1 709.
[34]ZHOU L,ZHU Z,QIU H,et al.Study of the effect of loading rates on crack propagation velocity and rock fracture toughness using cracked tunnel specimens[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2018,112:25-34.
[35]杨井瑞,张财贵,周妍,等.用SCDC试样测试岩石动态断裂韧度的新方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(2):279-292.(YANG Jingrui,ZHANG Xin,ZHOU Yan,et al.A new method for determining dynamic fracture toughness of rock using SCDC specimens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(2):279-292.(in Chinese))
[36]PETROV Y,KAZARINOV N,BRATOV V.Dynamic crack propagation:quasistatic and impact loading[J].Procedia Structural Integrity,2016,2:389-394.
[37]WANG Q,FENG F,NI M,et al.Measurement of mode I and mode II rock dynamic fracture toughness with cracked straight through flattened Brazilian disc impacted by split Hopkinson pressure bar[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2011,78(12):2 455-2 469.
[38]ROSE L R F.Recent theoretical and experimental results on fast brittle fracture[J].International Journal of Fracture,1976,12(6):799-813.
[39]ROSE L R F.On the initial motion of a Griffith crack[J].International Journal of Fracture,1976,12(6):829-841.
[2]ZOU C,WONG L N Y,LOO J J,et al.Different mechanical and cracking behaviors of single-flawed brittle gypsum specimens under dynamic and quasi-static loadings[J].Engineering Geology,2016,201:71-84.
[3]李地元,韩震宇,孙小磊,等.含预制裂隙大理岩SHPB动态力学破坏特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(12):2 872-2 883.(LI Diyaun,HAN Zhengyu,SUN Xiaolei,et al.Characteristics of dynamic failure of marble with artificial flaws under split Hopkinson pressure bar tests[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(12):2 872-2 883.(in Chinese))
[4]宋义敏,何爱军,王泽军,等.冲击载荷作用下岩石动态断裂试验研究[J].岩土力学.2015,36(4):965-970.(SONG Yiming,HE Aijun,WANG Zhejun,et al.Experiment study of the dynamic fractures of rock under impact loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(4):965-970.(in Chinese))
[5]LI D,HAN Z,SUN X,et al.Dynamic mechanical properties and fracturing behavior of marble specimens containing single and double flaws in SHPB tests[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-018-1625-5.
[6]QIU J,LI D,LI X.Dynamic failure of a phyllite with a low degree of metamorphism under impact Brazilian test[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2017,94:10-17.
[7]ALIHA M R M,BAHMANI A,AKHONDI S.Mixed mode fracture toughness testing of PMMA with different three-point bend type specimens[J].European Journal of Mechanics-A/Solids,2016,58:148-162.
[8]WANG M,ZHU Z,DONG Y,et al.Study of mixed-mode I/IIfractures using single cleavage semicircle compression specimens under impacting loads[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2017,177:33-44.
[9]ZHANG Q B,ZHAO J.Effect of loading rate on fracture toughness and failure micromechanisms in marble[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2013,102(2):288-309.
[10]ZHANG Q B,ZHAO J.Determination of mechanical properties and full-field strain measurements of rock material under dynamic loads[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2013,60(8):423-439.
[11]GAO G,YAO W,XIA K,et al.Investigation of the rate dependence of fracture propagation in rocks using digital image correlation(DIC)method[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2015,138(1):146-155.
[12]张财贵,周妍,杨井瑞,等.用边裂纹平台圆环试样测试岩石的Ⅰ型动态断裂韧度[J].水利学报,2014,45(6):691-700.(ZHANG Caigui,ZHOU Yan,YANG Jinrui,et al.Determination of model-I dynamic fracture toughness of rock using edge cracked flattened ring(ECFR)specimen[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2014,45(6):691-700.(in Chinese))
[13]曹富,杨丽萍,李炼,等.压缩单裂纹圆孔板(SCDC)岩石动态断裂全过程研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(6):1 573-1 582.(CAO Fu,YANG Liping,LI Lian,et al.Research on whole dynamical fracture process of rock using single cleavage drilled compression(SCDC)specimen[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(6):1 573-1 582.(in Chinese))
[14]李地元,成腾蛟,周韬,等.冲击载荷作用下含孔洞大理岩动态力学破坏特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(2):249-260.(LI Diyuan,CHENG Tengjiao,ZHOU Tao,et al.Experimental study of the dynamic strength and fracturing characteristics of marble specimens with a single hole under impact loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(2):249-260.(in Chinese))
[15]ZHU Z,WANG C,KANG J,et al.Study on the mechanism of zonal disintegration around an excavation[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2014,67(4):88-95.
[16]朱哲明,刘凯,康骥鸣,等.缓慢卸载P波诱发岩体不连续断裂破坏的可能性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增2):3 948-3 955.(ZHU Zheming,LIU Kai,KANG Jiming,et al.Study of slowly unloading p-waves causing discrete fracture mechanism[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(Supp.2):3 948-3 955.(in Chinese))
[17]WONG L N Y,LI H.Numerical study on coalescence of two pre-existing coplanar flaws in rock[J].International Journal of Solids Structures,2013,50(22/23):3 685-3 706.
[18]LI H,WONG L N Y.Influence of flaw inclination angle and loading condition on crack initiation and propagation[J].International Journal of Solids Structures,2012,49(18):2 482-2 499.
[19]JIANG H,DU C,LIU S,et al.Numerical simulation of rock fragmentation under the impact load of water jet[J].Shock and Vibration,2014,DOI:10.1155/2014/219489.
[20]JIANG H,DU C,LIU Z.Theoretical and numerical investigation on rock fragmentation under high-pressure water-jet impact[J].Iranian Journal of Science and Technology,Transactions of Civil Engineering,2017,41(3):305-315.
[21]JIANG H,LIU Z,GAO K.Numerical simulation on rock fragmentation by discontinuous water-jet using coupled SPH/FEAmethod[J].Powder Technology,2017,312:248-259.
[22]HUANG D,GU D,YANG C,et al.Investigation on mechanical behaviors of sandstone with two preexisting flaws under triaxial compression[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2015,49(2):375-399.
[23]WANG Q,YANG J,ZHANG C,et al.Determination of dynamic crack initiation and propagation toughness of a rock using a hybrid experimental-numerical approach[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2016,142(12):1-9.
[24]JIANG F,LIU R,ZHANG X,et al.Evaluation of dynamic fracture toughness KId by Hopkinson pressure bar loaded instrumented Charpy impact test[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2004,71(3):279-287.
[25]FAYE A,PARAMESWARAN V,BASU S.Dynamic fracture initiation toughness of PMMA:A critical evaluation[J].Mechanics of Materials,2016,94:156-169.
[26]郭东明,刘康,王雁冰,等.爆炸荷载对邻近巷道裂纹群影响规律动焦散试验[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(增1):64-69.(GUODongming,LIU Kang,WANG Yanbing,et al.Dynamic caustics test of blast load impact on the group of crack surrounding neighboring roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(Supp.1):64-69.(in Chinese))
[27]杨仁树,苏洪,龚悦,等.爆炸荷载下不对称Y型裂纹扩展规律的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(8):2 175-2 181.(YANG Renshu,SU Hong,GONG Yue,et al.Study on the regularity of asymmetric Y-shaped cracks propagation under blast loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(8):2 175-2 181.(in Chinese))
[28]ZHANG Q B,ZHAO J.A review of dynamic experimental techniques and mechanical behaviour of rock materials[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2014,47(4):1 411-1 478.
[29]ZHOU L,ZHU Z,WANG M,et al.Dynamic propagation behavior of cracks emanating from tunnel edges under impact loads[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2018,105:119-126.
[30]赵毅鑫,肖汉,黄亚琼.霍普金森杆冲击加载煤样巴西圆盘劈裂试验研究[J].煤炭学报.2014,39(2):286-291.(ZHAOYixin,XIAO Han,HUANG Yaqiong.Dynamic split tensile test of Brazilian disc of coal withsplit Hopkinson pressure barloading[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):286-291.(in Chinese))
[31]ZHAO Y,GONG S,HAO X,et al.Effects of loading rate and bedding on the dynamic fracture toughness of coal:Laboratory experiments[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2017,178:375-391.
[32]谢晓锋,陶明,吴秋红,等.不同形状砂岩的动态力学特性[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2017,48(9):2 441-2 448.(XIE Xiaofeng,TAO Ming,WU Qiuhong,et al.Dynamic properties of sandstones with different shapes[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2017,48(9):2 441-2 448.(in Chinese))
[33]LI X,ZOU Y,ZHOU Z.Numerical simulation of the rock SHPBtest with a special shape striker based on the discrete element method[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2013,47(5):1 693-1 709.
[34]ZHOU L,ZHU Z,QIU H,et al.Study of the effect of loading rates on crack propagation velocity and rock fracture toughness using cracked tunnel specimens[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2018,112:25-34.
[35]杨井瑞,张财贵,周妍,等.用SCDC试样测试岩石动态断裂韧度的新方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(2):279-292.(YANG Jingrui,ZHANG Xin,ZHOU Yan,et al.A new method for determining dynamic fracture toughness of rock using SCDC specimens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(2):279-292.(in Chinese))
[36]PETROV Y,KAZARINOV N,BRATOV V.Dynamic crack propagation:quasistatic and impact loading[J].Procedia Structural Integrity,2016,2:389-394.
[37]WANG Q,FENG F,NI M,et al.Measurement of mode I and mode II rock dynamic fracture toughness with cracked straight through flattened Brazilian disc impacted by split Hopkinson pressure bar[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2011,78(12):2 455-2 469.
[38]ROSE L R F.Recent theoretical and experimental results on fast brittle fracture[J].International Journal of Fracture,1976,12(6):799-813.
[39]ROSE L R F.On the initial motion of a Griffith crack[J].International Journal of Fracture,1976,12(6):829-841.