新型防雨蚀抗静电涂层系统的制备
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摘要
目的针对高盐高湿热海洋环境下对涂层长期耐盐雾和耐湿热性能提出的更高要求,设计研制了一种新型防雨蚀抗静电涂层系统,以提高涂层系统的防雨蚀抗静电功能。方法采用新型饱和聚烯烃改性的弹性聚氨酯为基体树脂,通过研究饱和聚烯烃、导电填料的用量对涂层系统性能的影响,确定最优的配方设计。结果采用饱和聚烯烃型聚氨酯制备得到的防雨蚀抗静电涂层体系,在聚烯烃质量分数为40%时,其力学强度为21.3 MPa,断裂伸长率为385%,80℃热水浸泡19 d后,力学强度为15.8 MPa,断裂伸长率为280%,显示出优异的耐水性能。导电粉体质量分数为16%时,抗静电涂层表面电阻为4 M?/m~2。在75 d盐雾实验之后,涂层电性能依然稳定,显示良好的稳定性。并且涂层的工艺性能良好,可室温固化。结论饱和聚烯烃的引入提高了涂层的力学强度及弹性,增强了其防雨蚀冲刷性能,导电填料用量的优化提升了涂层系统的抗静电性能。此外,涂层系统的工艺性能良好,应用前景广阔。
The work aims to improve rain erosion resistance and antistatic property by developing a new rain erosion resistant and antistatic coating system to meet the higher requirement for long-term salt fog resistance and hydrothermal resistance made by composite rain erosion resistant and antistatic coating system in high-salt and highly hygrothermal environment. The coating system was made based on a new polyurethane elastomer which was modified by saturated polyolefin resin. The coating formula was optimized by studying effects of amount of saturated polyolefin resin and electrical fillers on coating system properties. The system exhibited excellent properties. Mechanical strength was 21.3 MPa and elongation was 385% when mass fraction of saturated polyolefin reached 40%. After the system has been immersed in 80 ℃ hot water for 19 days, its mechanical strength was 15.8 MPa and elongation was 280%, which showed good water resistance. The surface resistance of antistatic coating was 4 MΩ/m~2 when mass fraction of conductive powder was 16%. The electrical property remained stable after 75 days′ salt fog test. Meanwhile, the coating system exhibited excellent processing property, and could be cured at room temperature. The introduction of saturated polyolefin significantly improves mechanical strength and elasticity of the coating, and enhances its rain erosion resistance. The optimization of conductive filler promotes antistatic property of the coating system. Meanwhile, the new coating system has good processing properties and shows a broad application prospect.
The work aims to improve rain erosion resistance and antistatic property by developing a new rain erosion resistant and antistatic coating system to meet the higher requirement for long-term salt fog resistance and hydrothermal resistance made by composite rain erosion resistant and antistatic coating system in high-salt and highly hygrothermal environment. The coating system was made based on a new polyurethane elastomer which was modified by saturated polyolefin resin. The coating formula was optimized by studying effects of amount of saturated polyolefin resin and electrical fillers on coating system properties. The system exhibited excellent properties. Mechanical strength was 21.3 MPa and elongation was 385% when mass fraction of saturated polyolefin reached 40%. After the system has been immersed in 80 ℃ hot water for 19 days, its mechanical strength was 15.8 MPa and elongation was 280%, which showed good water resistance. The surface resistance of antistatic coating was 4 MΩ/m~2 when mass fraction of conductive powder was 16%. The electrical property remained stable after 75 days′ salt fog test. Meanwhile, the coating system exhibited excellent processing property, and could be cured at room temperature. The introduction of saturated polyolefin significantly improves mechanical strength and elasticity of the coating, and enhances its rain erosion resistance. The optimization of conductive filler promotes antistatic property of the coating system. Meanwhile, the new coating system has good processing properties and shows a broad application prospect.
引文
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[15]陶灿,王继印,鲍俊杰,等.氢化端羟基聚丁二烯改性水性聚氨酯涂料的合成及其性能研究[J].涂料工业,2015,45(3):51-57.TAO Can,WANG Ji-yin,BAO Jun-jie,et al.Preparation and Characterization of Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings Modified by Hydrogenated Hydroxyl Terminated Polybutadiene[J].Paint&Coatings Industry,2015,45(3):51-57.
[16]李留东,董存峰,杨茂伟,等.抗静电涂料的抗静电机理探讨[J].涂料技术与文摘,2010,31(11):38-40.LI Liu-dong,DONG Cun-feng,YANG Mao-wei,et al.Antistatic Mechanism Discussion of Antistatic Coatings[J].Coatings Technology&Abstracts,2010,31(11):38-40.
[2]胡宁先.特种涂料[M].上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,1990.HU Ning-xian.Special Coating[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Literature Press,1990.
[3]张玉忠,王彦,濮忠民,等.飞机雷达罩抗静电涂层系统施工工艺概况[C]//2013年首届中国航空科学技术大会论文集.北京:中国航空学会,2013:1-3.ZHANG Yu-zhong,WANG Yan,PU Zhong-min,et al.Finishing Process of Antistatic Coatings for Radar Cover of Aeroplane[C]//2013 Chinese Aeroplane Science and Technology Conference Thesis.Beijing:Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2013:1-3.
[4]狄志刚,袁立新,傅敏,等.飞行器雷达罩修补漆的研制[J].涂料工业,2002,32(4):6-7.DI Zhi-gang,YUAN Li-xin,FU Min,et al.Development of Refinishing Paint for Radar Shield of Air Vehicle[J].Paint&Coatings Industry,2002,32(4):6-7.
[5]安孟学.聚氨酯弹性体手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000.AN Meng-xue.Polyurethane Elastomer Handbook[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2000.
[6]郭晓勇,李萍,石红翠,等.聚醚型聚氨酯中软硬段之间的氢键作用[J].聚氨酯工业,2016,31(4):9-12.GUO Xiao-yong,LI Ping,SHI Hong-cui,et al.Hydrogen Bonding between Hard and Soft Segment in Polyether-based Polyurethane[J].Polyurethane Industry,2016,31(4):9-12.
[7]宋川.聚醚型聚氨酯弹性体的制备及改性[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2009.SONG Chuan.Preparation and Modification of Polyether-Polyurethane Elastomer[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2009.
[8]郝亚暾.共聚醚/TDI室温固化体系力学性能的研究[J].弹性体,2017,27(1):27-30.HAO Ya-tun.Mechanical Properties of Copolyether/TDI Cured at Room-temperature[J].Elastomer,2017,27(1):27-30.
[9]权衡,倪丽杰,姜会钰,等.聚醚/聚酯型亲水性聚氨酯防水透湿性能研究[J].聚氨酯工业,2013,28(4):32-36.QUAN Heng,NI Li-jie,JIANG Hui-yu,et al.Study on the Waterproof and Breathable Properties of Polyether/Polyester Hydrophilic Polyurethane[J].Polyurethane Industry,2013,28(4):32-36.
[10]殷宁,亢茂青,冯月兰,等.聚醚-酯嵌段共聚物提高聚氨酯弹性体水解稳定性的研究[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2007,23(4):105-109.YIN Ning,KANG Mao-qing,FENG Yue-lan,et al.Study on Developing Hydrolysis Stability of Polyurethane Elastomer Modified by Poly(Ether-Ester)Segmented Copolyols[J].Polymer Materials Science&Engineering,2007,23(4):105-109.
[11]郝瑞,周艺峰,聂王焰.含PCL和PBST链段聚酯聚氨酯的合成与表征[J].材料科学与工艺,2011,19(6):58-64.HAO Duan,ZHOU Yi-feng,NIE Wang-yan.Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(Ester Urethane)Via Chain Extension of PCL and PBST Prepolymers[J].Materials Science and Technology,2011,19(6):58-64.
[12]张静,崔利娟.聚酯聚氨酯风机叶片涂料的研究[J].中国涂料,2013,28(2):53-56.ZHANG Jing,CUI Li-juan.Study on the Polyester Polyurethane Coatings for Wind Turbine Blade[J].China Coatings,2013,28(2):53-56.
[13]李相权.聚氨酯改性不饱和聚酯树脂的制备[J].中国涂料,2013,28(1):51-53.LI Xiang-quan.Preparation of Polyurethane Modified Unsaturated Polyester Resin[J].China Coatings,2013,28(1):51-53.
[14]王正辉,萧翼之.高结晶性聚酯型水性聚氨酯的制备及表征[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2005,21(4):292-294.WANG Zheng-hui,XIAO Yi-zhi.Preparation and Characterization of Water-based Polyurethane Having High Crystallinity[J].Polymer Materials Science&Engineering,2005,21(4):292-294.
[15]陶灿,王继印,鲍俊杰,等.氢化端羟基聚丁二烯改性水性聚氨酯涂料的合成及其性能研究[J].涂料工业,2015,45(3):51-57.TAO Can,WANG Ji-yin,BAO Jun-jie,et al.Preparation and Characterization of Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings Modified by Hydrogenated Hydroxyl Terminated Polybutadiene[J].Paint&Coatings Industry,2015,45(3):51-57.
[16]李留东,董存峰,杨茂伟,等.抗静电涂料的抗静电机理探讨[J].涂料技术与文摘,2010,31(11):38-40.LI Liu-dong,DONG Cun-feng,YANG Mao-wei,et al.Antistatic Mechanism Discussion of Antistatic Coatings[J].Coatings Technology&Abstracts,2010,31(11):38-40.