一种新型Ni-Cr-Fe基合金的成分设计、冶金及强韧化热处理工艺研究
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摘要
利用增Ni、Al降Cr、Ti含量及CALPHAD方法对Ni-Cr-Fe合金进行了低成本设计;采用发射光谱仪、红外碳硫分析仪、差热扫描量热法、真空感应熔炼和电渣重熔双联冶金、扫描电镜等方法,对合金成分、冶金工艺、热加工工艺、热处理制度进行了系统研究。研究发现:双联冶金工艺成功实现了对设计成分的有效控制,经锻造和轧制热加工,获得均匀洁净的轧制组织;再经900～980℃保温30min固溶,继以720℃保温8h后炉冷至620℃保温8h空冷时效强化热处理,合金力学性能达到Incoloy 925水平。其中轧态组织经直接时效可以获得最佳的综合力学性能。合金轧制时效组织为单一奥氏体细晶组织;固溶时效态组织以奥氏体γ相为主,沿晶或晶内弥散析出MC型一次碳化物。研究结果对于我国新型高强韧Ni-Cr-Fe合金开发具有参考价值。
The Ni-Cr-Fe alloy was designed by means of the increasing contents of Ni,Al and the decreasing contents of Cr and Ti with CALPHAD method.The alloy composition,metallurgical process,hot working and heat treatment processes were researched systemi-cally by using emission spectrometer,infrared carbon sulfur analyzer,differential thermal scanning calorimetry,vacuum induction melting and electroslag remelting double metallurgical processes and scanning electron microscope.It is found that the dual metallurgical process has successfully realized the effective control of the design components.Through forging and rolling hot processing,the uniform and clean rolled microstructure is obtained.The mechanical properties of the alloy,which subjected to the two-step heat treatments of solid solution 900-980℃×30 min and aging 720℃×8 hfurnace cooling/2 h→620℃×8 h/air cooling,can still reach the level of the foreign Incoloy 925 alloy.The optimum mechanical properties were obtained in the rolled structure through the direct aging.The aging microstructure of the alloy is a single austenite fine-crystal microstructure,and the microstructure of solid solution aging state is dominated by austeniteγphase,and the initial MC carbide is precipitated along the grain boundary or intragranular dispersion.The research results have important reference for the development of the Ni-Cr-Fe alloy.
The Ni-Cr-Fe alloy was designed by means of the increasing contents of Ni,Al and the decreasing contents of Cr and Ti with CALPHAD method.The alloy composition,metallurgical process,hot working and heat treatment processes were researched systemi-cally by using emission spectrometer,infrared carbon sulfur analyzer,differential thermal scanning calorimetry,vacuum induction melting and electroslag remelting double metallurgical processes and scanning electron microscope.It is found that the dual metallurgical process has successfully realized the effective control of the design components.Through forging and rolling hot processing,the uniform and clean rolled microstructure is obtained.The mechanical properties of the alloy,which subjected to the two-step heat treatments of solid solution 900-980℃×30 min and aging 720℃×8 hfurnace cooling/2 h→620℃×8 h/air cooling,can still reach the level of the foreign Incoloy 925 alloy.The optimum mechanical properties were obtained in the rolled structure through the direct aging.The aging microstructure of the alloy is a single austenite fine-crystal microstructure,and the microstructure of solid solution aging state is dominated by austeniteγphase,and the initial MC carbide is precipitated along the grain boundary or intragranular dispersion.The research results have important reference for the development of the Ni-Cr-Fe alloy.
引文
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[16] Wang Chunguang,Wang Dongzhe,Wan Hong,et al.Influence of forging and heat treatment on structure and property of GH4169alloy[J].Forging&Stamping Technology.2014,39(12):15-18(in Chinese).王春光,王东哲,万红,等.锻造及热处理工艺对GH4169合金组织与性能的影响[J].锻压技术,2014,39(12):15-18.
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[19] Zhao Q,Jiang W,Srolovitz D J,et al.Triple junction drag effects during topological changes in the evolution of polycrystalline microstructures[J].Acta Materialia,2017,128(4):345-350.
[2] Wang Zuosen,Lu Ddandan,Zhang Jianlei,et al.Ultrasonic examination of ultra-thick nickel base alloy buttering welds for AP1000steam generator inlet and outlet nozzle[J].Nondestructive Testing,2018,40(5):17-19(in Chinese).王佐森,鲁丹丹,张建磊,等.AP1000蒸汽发生器进出口接管超厚镍基合金预堆边焊缝的超声检测[J].无损检测,2018,40(5):17-19(in Chinese).
[3] Jothi S,Merzlikin S V,Croft T N,et al.An investigation of micro-mechanisms in hydrogen induced cracking in nickel-based superalloy 718[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2016,664(15):664-681.
[4] Kanzaki M,Kitamura K,Hirohata N.Method for producing Cr containing nickel-base alloy tube and Cr containing nickel-base alloy tube[P].US:CA 2648711C,2012.
[5] Zhang Yubi,Zhao Yongtao,Tang An.Metallurgical process and heat treatment of aging hardening type Fe-NiCr base alloy with high temperature and corrosion resistance[J],Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2016,40(9):882-889(in Chinese).张玉碧,赵永涛,汤安.时效强化型Fe-Ni-Cr基高温耐蚀合金冶金工艺及热处理研究[J].稀有金属,2016,40(9):882-889.
[6] Gouda V K,Selim I Z,Khedr A A,et al.Pitting corrosion behavior of Monel 400alloy in chloride solutions[J].Journal of Material Science and Technology,1999,15(3):208-212.
[7] Ruedl E,Coen-Porisini F,Sasaki T,et al.High temperature behavior of the alloy Hastelloy B in a hydrogen chloride/water vapor atmosphere[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,1981,101(1-2):135-146.
[8] Qin Zirui,Li Longsheng,Yao Man.Precipitated phase in cast Nickel-base Hastelloy C alloy and influence of precipitates on corrosion behavior of the a1loy[J].Material Engineering,1995(9):18-21(in Chinese).秦紫瑞,李隆盛,姚曼.Hastelloy C型铸造镍基合金的析出相及其对合金腐蚀行为的影响[J].材料工程,1995(9):18-21.
[9] Jeong S H,Cho C W,Lee Y Z.Friction and wear of Inconel 690for steam generator tube in elevated temperature water under fretting condition[J].Tribology International,2005,38(3):283-288.
[10] Hibner E L,Tassen C S.Corrosion resistant OCTG’s and matching bar products for a range of sour gas service conditions[C].Corrosion(No.01102),NACE International,Houston,TX,USA,2001.
[11] Shi Zhaoxia, Yan Xiaofeng,Duan Chunhua,et al.Effects of primary aging temperature on microstructures and mechanical properties of new corrosion-resistant alloy GH925with high strength[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(7):1822-1831(in Chinese).石照夏,颜晓峰,段春华,等.一次时效温度对新型高强耐蚀GH925合金显微组织和力学性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(7):1822-1831.
[12] Xu Min,Yang Wuqiang,Zhang Bin,et al.Thermodynamic calculation of equilibrium precipitation phases in GH141Ni-based superalloy[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2016,45(11):2925-2931(in Chinese).徐敏,杨武强,张斌,等.镍基高温合金GH141平衡析出相的热力学计算分析[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2016,45(11):2925-2931.
[13] Li Mingyang,Zhang Qingquan,Fu Zuming,et al.Influence of alloying elements on equilibrium precipitates and properties of Ni-Cr-Co nickel base alloy[J].Mining&Metallurgy,2015,24(11):122-125(in Chinese).李明扬,章清泉,傅祖明,等.合金元素对Ni-Cr-Co型镍基合金平衡析出相及性能影响规律研究[J].矿冶,2015,24(11):122-125.
[14] Ganesan P,Clatworthy E F,Harris J A.Development of a time-temperature-transformation diagram for alloy925[J].Corrosion,1988,44(11):827-835.
[15] Dong Jianxin,Zhang Maicang,Xie Xishan.Evolution behavior ofα-Cr phase during long-term exposure of IN718alloy[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2004,33(11):1153-1156(in Chinese).董建新,张麦仓,谢锡善.镍基IN718合金时效过程中α-Cr相演变行为[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2004,33(11):1153-1156.
[16] Wang Chunguang,Wang Dongzhe,Wan Hong,et al.Influence of forging and heat treatment on structure and property of GH4169alloy[J].Forging&Stamping Technology.2014,39(12):15-18(in Chinese).王春光,王东哲,万红,等.锻造及热处理工艺对GH4169合金组织与性能的影响[J].锻压技术,2014,39(12):15-18.
[17] Wang W,Guo H.Effects of thermo-mechanical iterations on the grain boundary character distribution of PbCa-Sn-Al alloy[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2007,445(6):155-162.
[18] Zhang Xiaoyu,Li Defu,Zhao Xianming.Effects of twostep annealing heat treatments on the grain boundary character distributions of Hastelloy C-276[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2018,42(6):608-613(in Chinese).张晓宇,李德富,郭胜利,等.两步退火热处理对Hastelloy C-276合金晶界特征分布的影响[J].稀有金属,2018,42(6):608-613.
[19] Zhao Q,Jiang W,Srolovitz D J,et al.Triple junction drag effects during topological changes in the evolution of polycrystalline microstructures[J].Acta Materialia,2017,128(4):345-350.