广西2013年一次强冰雹天气诊断和预警特征
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摘要
为了提升冰雹天气的短时临近预报和预警服务水平,本研究利用常规观测资料、NCEP再分析资料以及多普勒雷达资料,对广西2013年一次强冰雹天气过程的环境条件和雷达回波结构特征进行分析。结果表明:500 h Pa高原槽和南支槽、低层切变线以及地面冷锋是此次强对流天气的影响系统。高空槽前正涡度平流、0~6 km强垂直风切变、较强的大气层结不稳定度、0℃层和-20℃层高度都有利于大冰雹的产生,强对流风暴发生在水汽强辐合区中。产生大冰雹的对流风暴为典型的超级单体风暴,具有低层钩状回波、有界弱回波区、三体散射(TBSS)及持久深厚的中气旋等特征。显著的三体散射回波、60 d Bz回波持续扩展到-20℃层高度以上、风暴顶强辐散这些判据可作为判别强冰雹的雷达特征指标。
To improve the accuracy of nowcasting and early warning for hail storm, we studied the environmental conditions and radar echo structure of a severe hail event in Guangxi in 2013 by using conventional observation data and NCEP reanalysis data and Doppler radar data. The results showed that: this severe hail event was caused by the 500 h Pa plateau trough, the south trough, the low level shear line and the surface cold front; the strong positive vorticity advection in front of the upper trough, strong vertical wind shear between 0-6 km, strong and unstable atmospheric stratification stability, and the appropriate height of 0℃ and-20℃ layers were all conducive to the occurrence and development of hail storms; the severe hail storms occurred in the water vapor convergence zone; the typical supercell storm which had low level hook echo,bounded weak echo area, three body strong scattering(TBSS) and deep persistent mesoscale cyclone produced large hails. Thus, TBSS, 60 d Bz echo extending to-20℃ layer and sustained longer time, the strong divergenc eat the top of storm can be used as indexes to identify severe hail storms.
To improve the accuracy of nowcasting and early warning for hail storm, we studied the environmental conditions and radar echo structure of a severe hail event in Guangxi in 2013 by using conventional observation data and NCEP reanalysis data and Doppler radar data. The results showed that: this severe hail event was caused by the 500 h Pa plateau trough, the south trough, the low level shear line and the surface cold front; the strong positive vorticity advection in front of the upper trough, strong vertical wind shear between 0-6 km, strong and unstable atmospheric stratification stability, and the appropriate height of 0℃ and-20℃ layers were all conducive to the occurrence and development of hail storms; the severe hail storms occurred in the water vapor convergence zone; the typical supercell storm which had low level hook echo,bounded weak echo area, three body strong scattering(TBSS) and deep persistent mesoscale cyclone produced large hails. Thus, TBSS, 60 d Bz echo extending to-20℃ layer and sustained longer time, the strong divergenc eat the top of storm can be used as indexes to identify severe hail storms.
引文
[1]郑媛媛,姚晨,郝莹,张雪晨.不同类型大尺度环流背景下强对流天气的短时临近预报预警研究[J].气象,2011,37(07):795-801.
[2]赵洋洋,张庆红,杜宇,等.北京“7.21”特大暴雨环流形势极端性客观分析[J].气象学报,2013,71(05):817-824.
[3]陈伟斌,农孟松,赵金彪,等.广西2次雷暴大风天气过程的成因及异同分析[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(15):231-239.
[4]许新田,王楠,刘瑞芳,等.2006年陕西两次强对流冰雹天气过程的对比分析[J].高原气象,2010,29(02):447-460.
[5]任川,刘静,谢媛,等.基于配料法的葫芦岛市强冰雹天气分析[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(36):248-253.
[6]Lemon L R,Doswell C A.Severe Thunderstorm Evolution and Mesocyclone Structure as Related to Tornadogenesis[J].Monthly Weather Review,1979,107(9):1184-1197.
[7]Setvák M,Rabin R M,Iii C A D,et al.Satellite observations of convective storm tops in the 1.6,3.7 and 3.9μm spectral bands[J].Atmospheric Research,2003,67(6):607-627.
[8]李向红,薛荣康,唐伍斌.一次强飑线天气过程的新一代天气雷达探测和临近预报[J].气象,2006(09):60-66,131.
[9]闵晶晶,刘还珠,曹晓钟,等.天津“6.25”大冰雹过程的中尺度特征及成因[J].应用气象学报,2011,22(05):525-536.
[10]高晓梅,马守强,王旭,等.潍坊地区一次强冰雹天气成因分析[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(11):245-251.
[11]姚胜芳,黄治逢,农孟松,等.广西冰雹的活动特点[J].热带地理,2008(02):119-123.
[12]杨新林,孙建华,鲁蓉,等.华南雷暴大风天气的环境条件分布特征[J].气象,2017,43(07):769-780.
[13]农孟松,祁丽燕,黄海洪,等.桂西北一次超级单体风暴过程的分析[J].气象,2011,37(12):1519-1525.
[14]黄莉,詹莹玉,白龙,等.2013年广西春季混合型强对流天气分析[J].灾害学,2014,29(04):38-42.
[15]李宜爽,刘蕾,王艺.广西柳州2016年4月一次致灾冰雹天气过程分析[J].气象研究与应用,2016,37(03):52-56.
[16]朱乾根.天气学原理和方法(第三版)[M].北京:气象出版社,2000:407-408.
[17]章国材.强对流天气分析与预报[M].北京:气象出版社,2011:105-109.
[18]梁维亮,农孟松,屈梅芳.广西一次区域性强对流天气的诊断分析[J].自然灾害学报,2015,24(03):208-215.
[19]俞小鼎,姚秀萍,熊廷南,等.多普勒天气雷达原理与业务应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:151-152.
[20]王秀明,俞小鼎,周小刚,等.“6.3”区域致灾雷暴大风形成及维持原因分析[J].高原气象,2012,31(02):504-514.
[21]江玉华,刘娟,何跃,等.一次伴随冰雹的超级单体风暴特征[J].气象科技,2011,39(02):172-181.
[2]赵洋洋,张庆红,杜宇,等.北京“7.21”特大暴雨环流形势极端性客观分析[J].气象学报,2013,71(05):817-824.
[3]陈伟斌,农孟松,赵金彪,等.广西2次雷暴大风天气过程的成因及异同分析[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(15):231-239.
[4]许新田,王楠,刘瑞芳,等.2006年陕西两次强对流冰雹天气过程的对比分析[J].高原气象,2010,29(02):447-460.
[5]任川,刘静,谢媛,等.基于配料法的葫芦岛市强冰雹天气分析[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(36):248-253.
[6]Lemon L R,Doswell C A.Severe Thunderstorm Evolution and Mesocyclone Structure as Related to Tornadogenesis[J].Monthly Weather Review,1979,107(9):1184-1197.
[7]Setvák M,Rabin R M,Iii C A D,et al.Satellite observations of convective storm tops in the 1.6,3.7 and 3.9μm spectral bands[J].Atmospheric Research,2003,67(6):607-627.
[8]李向红,薛荣康,唐伍斌.一次强飑线天气过程的新一代天气雷达探测和临近预报[J].气象,2006(09):60-66,131.
[9]闵晶晶,刘还珠,曹晓钟,等.天津“6.25”大冰雹过程的中尺度特征及成因[J].应用气象学报,2011,22(05):525-536.
[10]高晓梅,马守强,王旭,等.潍坊地区一次强冰雹天气成因分析[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(11):245-251.
[11]姚胜芳,黄治逢,农孟松,等.广西冰雹的活动特点[J].热带地理,2008(02):119-123.
[12]杨新林,孙建华,鲁蓉,等.华南雷暴大风天气的环境条件分布特征[J].气象,2017,43(07):769-780.
[13]农孟松,祁丽燕,黄海洪,等.桂西北一次超级单体风暴过程的分析[J].气象,2011,37(12):1519-1525.
[14]黄莉,詹莹玉,白龙,等.2013年广西春季混合型强对流天气分析[J].灾害学,2014,29(04):38-42.
[15]李宜爽,刘蕾,王艺.广西柳州2016年4月一次致灾冰雹天气过程分析[J].气象研究与应用,2016,37(03):52-56.
[16]朱乾根.天气学原理和方法(第三版)[M].北京:气象出版社,2000:407-408.
[17]章国材.强对流天气分析与预报[M].北京:气象出版社,2011:105-109.
[18]梁维亮,农孟松,屈梅芳.广西一次区域性强对流天气的诊断分析[J].自然灾害学报,2015,24(03):208-215.
[19]俞小鼎,姚秀萍,熊廷南,等.多普勒天气雷达原理与业务应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:151-152.
[20]王秀明,俞小鼎,周小刚,等.“6.3”区域致灾雷暴大风形成及维持原因分析[J].高原气象,2012,31(02):504-514.
[21]江玉华,刘娟,何跃,等.一次伴随冰雹的超级单体风暴特征[J].气象科技,2011,39(02):172-181.