泡沫铝-聚氨酯的制备及其吸能特性分析
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摘要
目的制备泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料,并研究球形开孔泡沫铝的孔隙率、聚氨酯(PU)的含量对泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料压缩性能和吸能性能的影响。分析泡沫铝孔隙率、聚氨酯含量对泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料吸能效率和理想吸能效率的影响规律。方法通过对复合材料试样进行准静态压缩试验,得出对应的应力-应变曲线,进一步推导出吸能-应变曲线、吸能效率-应力曲线和理想吸能效率-应力曲线。结果当泡沫铝的孔隙率一定时,随着PU含量的上升,泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的压缩性能和吸能性能得到提升。当PU含量一定时,随着泡沫铝孔隙率的减小,泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的压缩性能和吸能性能会增加。结论明确了吸能效率曲线和理想吸能效率曲线的应用范围,为缓冲材料的选择提供了依据。
The work aims to prepare aluminum foam-polyurethane composites and study the effect of porosity and polyurethane(PU) content of spherical open-cell aluminum foam on the compression and energy absorption properties of aluminum foam-polyurethane composites, and analyze the law of effects of porosity and polyurethane content of aluminum foam on the energy absorption efficiency and ideal energy absorption efficiency of aluminum foam-polyurethane composites. The specimens of composites were subject to a quasi-static compression test to obtain the corresponding stress-strain curves, and the energy absorption-strain curve, energy absorption efficiency-stress curve and ideal energy absorption efficiency-stress curve were further derived. When the porosity of the aluminum foam was constant, the compression and energy absorption properties of aluminum foam-polyurethane composites were improved with the increase of PU content. When the PU content was constant, the compression and energy absorption properties of the aluminum foam-polyurethane composites would increase as the porosity of the aluminum foam decreased. The application range of the energy absorption efficiency curve and the ideal energy absorption efficiency curve is clarified, which provides a basis for the selection of buffer materials.
The work aims to prepare aluminum foam-polyurethane composites and study the effect of porosity and polyurethane(PU) content of spherical open-cell aluminum foam on the compression and energy absorption properties of aluminum foam-polyurethane composites, and analyze the law of effects of porosity and polyurethane content of aluminum foam on the energy absorption efficiency and ideal energy absorption efficiency of aluminum foam-polyurethane composites. The specimens of composites were subject to a quasi-static compression test to obtain the corresponding stress-strain curves, and the energy absorption-strain curve, energy absorption efficiency-stress curve and ideal energy absorption efficiency-stress curve were further derived. When the porosity of the aluminum foam was constant, the compression and energy absorption properties of aluminum foam-polyurethane composites were improved with the increase of PU content. When the PU content was constant, the compression and energy absorption properties of the aluminum foam-polyurethane composites would increase as the porosity of the aluminum foam decreased. The application range of the energy absorption efficiency curve and the ideal energy absorption efficiency curve is clarified, which provides a basis for the selection of buffer materials.
引文
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[17]闫畅,宋绪丁,荆传贺,等.工业闭孔泡沫铝压缩力学性能及变形机理[J].材料导报,2017,31(18):92-96.YAN Chang,SONG Xu-ding,JING Chuan-he,et al.Mechanical Properties and Deformation Mechanism of Industrial Closed Cell Aluminum Foam[J].Materials Review,2017,31(18):92-96.
[2]张伟,齐明思,赵志芳,等.泡沫铝-聚氨酯静态压缩特性及吸能特性分析[J].包装工程,2018,39(11):72-76.ZHANG Wei,QI Ming-si,ZHAO Zhi-fang,et al.Static Compression Characteristics and Energy Absorption Characteristics of Aluminum Foam-polyurethane[J].Packaging Engineering,2018,39(11):72-76.
[3]刘彦强,樊建中,马自力,等.泡沫铝三明治板的研究与应用进展[J].材料导报,2017,31(15):101-107.LIU Yan-qiang,FAN Jian-zhong,MA Zi-li,et al.Research and Application Progress of Foam Aluminum Sandwich Panels[J].Materials Review,2017,31(15):101-107.
[4]朱梦蛟,周素洪,王渠东,等.泡沫铝材料的制备技术及应用现状[J].热加工工艺,2017,46(12):21-25.ZHU Meng-jiao,ZHOU Su-hong,WANG Qu-dong,et al.Preparation Technology and Application Status of Foamed Aluminum Materials[J].Thermal Processing Technology,2017,46(12):21-25.
[5]于英华,刘明,陈玉明,等.泡沫铝层合结构汽车发动机罩板研究[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,40(4):461-465.YU Ying-hua,LIU Ming,CHEN Yu-ming,et al.Research on Automobile Hood Panel of Foam Aluminum Laminated Structure[J].Journal of Hefei University of Technology(Natural Science),2017,40(4):461-465.
[6]马聪承,兰凤崇,陈吉清.泡沫铝复合结构改善汽车侧撞安全的仿真研究[J].汽车工程,2017,39(4):432-439.MA Cong-cheng,LAN Feng-chong,CHEN Ji-qing.Simulation Research on Improving the Side Impact Safety of Automobile Aluminum Composite Structure[J].Automotive Engineering,2017,39(4):432-439.
[7]李原,崔守荣.基于泡沫铝的新型建筑结构研究概述[J].建材与装饰,2016(39):194-195.LI Yuan,CUI Shou-rong.Overview of New Building Structure Based on Aluminum Foam[J].Building Materials and Decoration,2016(39):194-195.
[8]王刚,杨红新,焦孟旺,等.泡沫铝在汽车上的开发应用[J].稀有金属,2015,39(7):660-665.WANG Gang,YANG Hong-xin,JIAO Meng-wang,et al.Development and Application of Foam Aluminum in Automobiles[J].Rare Metals,2015,39(7):660-665.
[9]李彬.碳纳米聚氨酯泡沫吸能特性研究及其应用[D].长春:吉林大学,2017.LI Bin.Study on Energy Absorption Characteristics of Carbon Nano-polyurethane Foam and Its Application[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2017.
[10]鲁林,李晓峰.冲击环境作用下聚氨酯材料的应变率分布及吸能特性研究[J].兵工学报,2015,36(S1):213-219.LU Lin,LI Xiao-feng.Study on Strain Rate Distribution and Energy Absorption Characteristics of Polyurethane Materials under Impact Environment[J].Acta Armamentarii,2015,36(S1):213-219.
[11]KADKHODAPOUR J,RAEISI S.Micro-macro Investigation of Deformation and Failure in Closed-cell Aluminum Foams[J].Computational Materials Science,2014,83(2):137-148.
[12]MOZAFARI H,MOLATEFI H,CRUPI V,et al.In Plane Compressive Response and Crushing of Foam Filled Aluminum Honeycombs[J].Journal of Composite Materials,2015,49(26):3215-3228.
[13]KISHIMOTO S,WANG Q,TANAKA Y,et al.Compressive Mechanical Properties of Closed-cell Aluminum Foam-polymer Composites[J].Composites Part BEngineering,2014,64(64):43-49.
[14]BAI Z,GUO H,JIANG B,et al.A Study on the Mean Crushing Strength of Hexagonal Multi-cell Thin-walled Structures[J].Thin-walled Structures,2014,80(9):38-45.
[15]LIU S,LI A,HE S,et al.Cyclic Compression Behavior and Energy Dissipation of Aluminum Foam-polyurethane Interpenetrating Phase Composites[J].Composites Part A,2015,78:35-41.
[16]曾斐,潘艺,胡时胜.泡沫铝缓冲吸能评估及其特性[J].爆炸与冲击,2002(4):358-362.ZENG Fei,PAN Yi,HU Shi-sheng.Evaluation and Characteristics of Buffer Aluminum Buffer Energy Absorption[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2002(4):358-362.
[17]闫畅,宋绪丁,荆传贺,等.工业闭孔泡沫铝压缩力学性能及变形机理[J].材料导报,2017,31(18):92-96.YAN Chang,SONG Xu-ding,JING Chuan-he,et al.Mechanical Properties and Deformation Mechanism of Industrial Closed Cell Aluminum Foam[J].Materials Review,2017,31(18):92-96.