浅层人工地震探测揭示的夏垫断裂西南段特征
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摘要
浅层人工地震方法是针对厚覆盖区探测断裂的一种不可替代的技术。为查明夏垫断裂西南段的空间位置、性质及其活动性,2016年底对跨夏垫断裂西南段进行了高分辨率的浅层人工地震探测,获得三条480 m深度范围内地下结构图像的地震剖面,揭示了夏垫断裂西南段的形态\,特征以及空间位置。
Xiadian Fault is one of the main faults in the North China Plain. Few studies, however, have focused on the southwestern segment of Xiadian Fault. In this work, the shallow seismic prospecting method was applied to study the spatial location, characteristics, and activity of the southwest segment of Xiadian Fault. Three shallow reflection profiles were detected within the depth of 480 m. The seismic data acquisition system USES STRTAVISOR NZXP96 is produced in the United States and has the advantages of high resolution and anti-interference. Moreover, the data acquisition method of small track spacing and additional channels were adopted in this study to detect structures over an extensive depth range and obtain high-resolution detection results. An extended permutation test was performed for the selection of reasonable data acquisition parameters. The working parameters of the seismic section were finally determined through experiments and comprehensive analysis. The seismic wave was stimulated with a 70 kg impact ramming source, which was excited 18-20 times at each point. Data processing was performed with Vista2 D/3 D seismic processing software. Results showed that the southwest segment of Xiadian Fault consists of three flower-like faults with depths of 280 m and bandwidths of 50-60 m. The faults disrupt the Upper Pleistocene strata and terminate upward at the depth of 96-116 m. The active age of the faults is from the early to the middle stages of the Late Pleistocene.
Xiadian Fault is one of the main faults in the North China Plain. Few studies, however, have focused on the southwestern segment of Xiadian Fault. In this work, the shallow seismic prospecting method was applied to study the spatial location, characteristics, and activity of the southwest segment of Xiadian Fault. Three shallow reflection profiles were detected within the depth of 480 m. The seismic data acquisition system USES STRTAVISOR NZXP96 is produced in the United States and has the advantages of high resolution and anti-interference. Moreover, the data acquisition method of small track spacing and additional channels were adopted in this study to detect structures over an extensive depth range and obtain high-resolution detection results. An extended permutation test was performed for the selection of reasonable data acquisition parameters. The working parameters of the seismic section were finally determined through experiments and comprehensive analysis. The seismic wave was stimulated with a 70 kg impact ramming source, which was excited 18-20 times at each point. Data processing was performed with Vista2 D/3 D seismic processing software. Results showed that the southwest segment of Xiadian Fault consists of three flower-like faults with depths of 280 m and bandwidths of 50-60 m. The faults disrupt the Upper Pleistocene strata and terminate upward at the depth of 96-116 m. The active age of the faults is from the early to the middle stages of the Late Pleistocene.
引文
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[2] 方盛明,张先康,刘宝金,等.探测大城市活断层的地球物理理论方法[J].地震地质,2002,24(4):606-613.FANG Shengming,ZHANG Xiankang,LIU Baojin,et al.Geophysical Methods for Exploration of Urban Active Faults[J].Seismology and Geology,2002,24(4):606-613.
[3] 袁道阳,王兰民,何文贵,等.兰州市地震活断层探测新进展[J].地震地质,2008,30(1):236-249.YUAN Daoyang,WANG Lanmin,HE Wengui,et al.New Progress of Seismic Active Fault Prospecting in Lanzhou City[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(1):236-249.
[4] 强正阳,卢育霞,陈永明,等.浅层弯曲线地震勘探采集与处理技术[J].地震工程学报,2013,35(1):139-144.QIANG Zhengyang,LU Yuxia,CHEN Yongming,et al.Shallow Seismic Prospecting Data Acquisition and Processing Technology of Crookde-line Measurement[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2013,35(1):139-144.
[5] 孟立朋,彭远黔,冉志杰,等.浅层地震勘探在输油管线工程中的应用[J].地震工程学报,2016,38(增刊1):49-54.MENG Lipeng,PENG Yuanqian,RAN Zhijie,et al.Application of Shallow Seismic Exploration in an Oil Pipeline Project[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2016,38(Supp.1):49-54.
[6] 卢育霞,王振明,王兰民,等.兰州盆地活断层的高分辨率浅层地震勘探技术[J].西北地震学报,2008,30(4):344-353.LU Yuxia,WANG Zhenming,WANG Lanmin,et al.High-resolution Shallow Seismic Prospecting Techniques for Active Fault Investigation in Lanzhou Basin[J].Northwestrn Seismological Journal,2008,30(4):344-353.
[7] 张先康,赵金仁,刘国华,等.三河一平谷8.0级大震区震源细结构的深地震反射探测研究[J].中国地震,2002,18(4):326-336.ZHANG Xiangkang,ZHAO Jinren,LIU Guohua,et al.Study on Fine Crustal Structure of the Sanhe—Pinggu Earthquake (M8.0) Region by Deep Seismic Reflection Profiling[J].Earthquake Research in China,2002,18(4):326-336.
[8] 刘保金,张先康,陈颙,等.三河一平谷8.0级地震区地壳结构和活动断裂研究——利用单次覆盖深反射和浅层地震剖面[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(5):1251-1259.LIU Baojin,ZHANG Xiangkang,CHEN Yong,et al.Research on Crustal Structure and Active Fault in the Sanhe—Pinggu Earthquake (M8.0) Zone Based on Single-fold Deep Seismic Reflection and Shallow Seismic Reflection Profiling[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2011,54(5):1251-1259.
[9] 徐锡伟,计风枯,于贵华,等.用钻孔地层剖面记录恢复古地震序列:河北夏垫断裂古地震研究[J].地震地质,2000,22(1):9-19.XU Xiwei,JI Fengku,YU Guihua,et al.Reconstruction of Paleoearthouake Sequence Using Stratigraphic Records from Drill Logs:A Study at the Xiadian Fault,Beijing[J].Seismology and Geology,2000,22(1):9-19.
[10] 冉志杰,李皓,吕国军,等.夏垫断裂夏垫段浅部构造特征地震探测[J].地震工程学报,2013,35(3):656-663.RAN Zhijie,LI Hao,Lü Guojun,et al.Seismic Detecting for the Shallow Tectonic Features of Xiadian Fault[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2013,35(3):49-54.
[11] 高景华,徐明才,荣立新,等.利用地震剖面研究夏垫断裂西南段的活动性[J].地震地质,2008,30(2):497-503.GAO Jinghua,XU Mingcai,RONG Lixin,et al.Activity of the Southwest Segment of Xiadian Fault Investigated by Seismic Reflectlon Profiling[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(2):497-503
[12] 陈望和,倪明云.河北第四纪地质[M].北京:地质出版社,1987:34-74.CHEN Wanghe,NI Mingyun.Quaternary Geology of Hebei Province[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1987:34-74.