不同玉米品种在小穗分化期和抽雄期对高温胁迫的响应差异
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摘要
为筛选山东省耐高温胁迫丰产夏玉米品种,以‘郑单958’为对照,在2017年7月10—15日(小穗分化期)和8月2—5日(抽雄期)连续高温热害下分析42个夏玉米品种间产量差异。以产量及其主要性状、兼顾穗位系数为综合评价指标。与对照相比,‘明科玉77’行粒数最大,产量最高,穗位系数比对照低13.04%‘,大京九6号’产量大,但是穗位系数和空杆率均较大‘。德发5号’‘,青农11’‘,正大12’‘,裕丰303’‘,金海13’‘,裕丰105’产量比对照高,并且穗位系数小于对照。通过聚类分析和综合评价,筛选出7个耐高温低穗位系数品种,即‘明科玉77’,‘德发5号’,‘青农11’,‘正大12’,‘裕丰303’,‘金海13’,‘裕丰105’。
To select summer maize varieties with high-temperature stress tolerance and high yield in Shandong Province,‘Zhengdan 958'was taken as the control, and the yield difference of 42 summer maize varieties under high-temperature damage was analyzed from July 10 to 15(the spikelet differentiation stage)and from August 2 to 5(the tasseling stage) in 2017. The yield, the main traits of yield and the ear position coefficient were used as the comprehensive evaluation indexes. Compared with the control,‘mingkeyu 77'had the biggest kernel number per row and the highest yield, its ear position coefficient was 13.04% lower than that of the control. The yield of‘Dajingjiu6 hao'was high, but its ear position coefficient and empty bar rate were high.‘Defa5 hao',‘Qingnong 11',‘Zhengda 12',‘Yufeng 303',‘Jinhai 13', and‘Yufeng 105'all had higher yield and lower ear height coefficient, compared with the control. Through the cluster analysis and comprehensive evaluation, seven high-temperature resistant and lower-ear position coefficient maize varieties are selected, which are‘Mingkeyu 77',‘Defa 5 hao',‘Qingnong 11',‘Zhengda 12',‘Yufeng 303',‘Jinhai 13',‘Yufeng 105'.
To select summer maize varieties with high-temperature stress tolerance and high yield in Shandong Province,‘Zhengdan 958'was taken as the control, and the yield difference of 42 summer maize varieties under high-temperature damage was analyzed from July 10 to 15(the spikelet differentiation stage)and from August 2 to 5(the tasseling stage) in 2017. The yield, the main traits of yield and the ear position coefficient were used as the comprehensive evaluation indexes. Compared with the control,‘mingkeyu 77'had the biggest kernel number per row and the highest yield, its ear position coefficient was 13.04% lower than that of the control. The yield of‘Dajingjiu6 hao'was high, but its ear position coefficient and empty bar rate were high.‘Defa5 hao',‘Qingnong 11',‘Zhengda 12',‘Yufeng 303',‘Jinhai 13', and‘Yufeng 105'all had higher yield and lower ear height coefficient, compared with the control. Through the cluster analysis and comprehensive evaluation, seven high-temperature resistant and lower-ear position coefficient maize varieties are selected, which are‘Mingkeyu 77',‘Defa 5 hao',‘Qingnong 11',‘Zhengda 12',‘Yufeng 303',‘Jinhai 13',‘Yufeng 105'.
引文
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[16]于康珂,刘源,李亚明,等.玉米花期耐高温品种的筛选与综合评价[J].玉米科学,2016,24(2):62-71.
[17]张萍,陈冠英,耿鹏,等.籽粒灌浆期高温对不同耐热型玉米品种强弱势粒发育的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2061-2070.
[18]李文阳,王长进,方伟,等.高温对玉米籽粒品质及淀粉糊化特性的影响[J/OL].玉米科学:1-11[2018-01-26].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/22.1201.S.20161208.1411.018.html.
[19]程云,王枟刘,杨静,等.种植密度对夏玉米基部节间性状与倒伏的影响[J].玉米科学,2015,23(5):112-116.
[20]张凤启,丁勇,张君,等.不同种植密度对夏玉米品种株型及产量性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(35):12-17.
[21]赵丽晓.花后前期高温对玉米强弱势籽粒生长发育的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(10):1839-1845.
[22]宋庆芳.吐丝开花期高温对玉米籽粒建成的影响及调控措施[D].北京:中国农业大学,2012.
[23]Cheikh N,Jones R J.Heat stress effects on sink activity of developing maize kernels grown in vitro[J].Physiologia Plantarum,2006,95(1):59-66.
[24]陈朝辉,王安乐,王娇娟,等.高温对玉米生产的危害及防御措施[J].作物杂志,2008,2008(4):90-92.
[25]刘道红,汪友元,钟鸣,等.玉米高温热害预防与缓解技术探讨[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(22):4234-4237.
[26]Norboerg O S,Mason S C,Lowry S R.Ethephon influence on harvestable yield,grain quality,and lodging of corn.Agronomy Journal,1988,80:768-772.
[27]李树岩,王宇翔,胡程达,等.抽雄期前后大风倒伏对夏玉米生长及产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(8):2405-2413.
[2]Trenberth K E.Atmospheric moisture residence times and cycling:Implications for rainfall rates with climate change.Climate Change,1998,39:667-694.
[3]周平.全球气候变化对中国农业生产的可能影响与对策[J].云南农业大学学报,2001,16(1):1-4.
[4]Lobell and Burke.On the use of statistical models to predict crop yield responses to climate change[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2010,150:1443-1452.
[5]陆伟婷.近20年黄淮海地区气候变暖对夏玉米生育进程及产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(16):3132-3145.
[6]牛丽,刘源,于康珂,等.玉米杂交种苗期耐热性评价[J].玉米科学.2015,23(1):107-114.
[7]郭建平,高素华,等.高温、高CO2对农作物影响的试验研究[J].中国生态农业学报.2002,10(1):10-20.
[8]Tollenaar M.Response of Dry Matter Accumulation in Maize to Temperature:II.Leaf Photosynthesis[J].Crop Science.1989(29):1275-1279.
[9]尹小刚,王猛,孔箐锌,等.东北地区高温对玉米生产的影响及对策[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(1):186-198.
[10]张吉旺,董树亭,王空军,等.大田增温对夏玉米产量和品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(1):52-56.
[11]李伏生,康绍忠,张富仓.大气CO2浓度和温度升高对作物生理生态的影响[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(9):1169-1173.
[12]Guilioni L,Wery J,Lecoeur J.High temperature and water deficit may reduce seed number in field pea purely by decreasing plant growth rate[J].Functional Plant Biology,2003,30(11):1151-1164.
[13]Lobell D B,Hammer G L,Mclean G.The critical role of extreme heat for maize production in the United States[J].Nature Climate Change,2013,3(5):497-501.
[14]Lobell D B,B?nziger M,Magorokosho C,et al.Nonlinear heat effects on African maize as evidenced by historical yield trials[J].Nature Climate Change,2011,1(1):42-45.
[15]赵龙飞,李潮海,刘天学,等.花期前后高温对不同基因型玉米光合特性及产量和品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(23):4947-4958.
[16]于康珂,刘源,李亚明,等.玉米花期耐高温品种的筛选与综合评价[J].玉米科学,2016,24(2):62-71.
[17]张萍,陈冠英,耿鹏,等.籽粒灌浆期高温对不同耐热型玉米品种强弱势粒发育的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2061-2070.
[18]李文阳,王长进,方伟,等.高温对玉米籽粒品质及淀粉糊化特性的影响[J/OL].玉米科学:1-11[2018-01-26].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/22.1201.S.20161208.1411.018.html.
[19]程云,王枟刘,杨静,等.种植密度对夏玉米基部节间性状与倒伏的影响[J].玉米科学,2015,23(5):112-116.
[20]张凤启,丁勇,张君,等.不同种植密度对夏玉米品种株型及产量性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(35):12-17.
[21]赵丽晓.花后前期高温对玉米强弱势籽粒生长发育的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(10):1839-1845.
[22]宋庆芳.吐丝开花期高温对玉米籽粒建成的影响及调控措施[D].北京:中国农业大学,2012.
[23]Cheikh N,Jones R J.Heat stress effects on sink activity of developing maize kernels grown in vitro[J].Physiologia Plantarum,2006,95(1):59-66.
[24]陈朝辉,王安乐,王娇娟,等.高温对玉米生产的危害及防御措施[J].作物杂志,2008,2008(4):90-92.
[25]刘道红,汪友元,钟鸣,等.玉米高温热害预防与缓解技术探讨[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(22):4234-4237.
[26]Norboerg O S,Mason S C,Lowry S R.Ethephon influence on harvestable yield,grain quality,and lodging of corn.Agronomy Journal,1988,80:768-772.
[27]李树岩,王宇翔,胡程达,等.抽雄期前后大风倒伏对夏玉米生长及产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(8):2405-2413.