城市避震救灾最优体系模型仿真
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摘要
传统GIS空间分析模型进行城市避震救灾疏散方案规划时,未考虑疏散路径的当量长度,获取的避震救灾模型疏散效率较低。采用通行难度系数、次生灾害干扰系数、桥梁阻碍系数获取避震救灾疏散路径当量长度;通过目标函数获取避震救灾疏散路径当量长度的最小值,同时考虑避难场所的容纳量要求、清空避难场所固有人员、疏散距离小于避难场所的服务半径3个约束条件,设计新的城市避震救灾疏散最优模型。实验结果表明,新的城市避震救灾疏散最优模型能够给出精确的疏散路径与方案,高效率地完成城市避震救灾疏散任务。
When the traditional GIS spatial analysis model is used to plan an urban earthquake evacuation scheme,the equivalent length of the evacuation path is not taken into account,and the evacuation efficiency of the obtained model is relatively low.Therefore,a new optimal evacuation model for urban earthquake disaster mitigation and relief has been designed.The equivalent length of the evacuation path was obtained by using the difficulty coefficient of passage,interference coefficient of secondary disaster,coefficient of bridge obstruction,and minimum equivalent length of evacuation path,all of which were obtained by objective function.Simultaneously,the new model accounted for the capacity requirement of the shelter,the emptying of personnel from the shelter,and the evacuation distance being less than the radius of service of the shelter.The experimental results showed that the new optimal model can give an accurate evacuation path and scheme,and efficiently accomplish the evacuation task of urban earthquake disaster mitigation and relief.
When the traditional GIS spatial analysis model is used to plan an urban earthquake evacuation scheme,the equivalent length of the evacuation path is not taken into account,and the evacuation efficiency of the obtained model is relatively low.Therefore,a new optimal evacuation model for urban earthquake disaster mitigation and relief has been designed.The equivalent length of the evacuation path was obtained by using the difficulty coefficient of passage,interference coefficient of secondary disaster,coefficient of bridge obstruction,and minimum equivalent length of evacuation path,all of which were obtained by objective function.Simultaneously,the new model accounted for the capacity requirement of the shelter,the emptying of personnel from the shelter,and the evacuation distance being less than the radius of service of the shelter.The experimental results showed that the new optimal model can give an accurate evacuation path and scheme,and efficiently accomplish the evacuation task of urban earthquake disaster mitigation and relief.
引文
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[15]王洲鹏,王彦宾,张献兵.表层沉积物特性对地震地面运动的影响研究[J].地震工程学报,2016,38(1):120-128.WANG Zhoupeng,WANG Yanbin,ZHANG Xianbing.Study of the Effect of Surface Sediment Characteristics on Earthquake Ground Motion[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2016,38(1):120-128.
[2]刘刚,王威,马东辉,等.考虑用地吸引度的避震疏散场所选择模型[J].中国安全科学学报,2016,26(12):169-174.LIU Gang,WANG Wei,MA Donghui,et al.A Model for Locating Emergency Shelters Considering Attraction Degree of Land[J].China Safety Science Journal,2016,26(12):169-174.
[3]王熹徽,李峰,粱樑.救灾物资供应网络解构及结构优化模型[J].中国管理科学,2017,25(1):139-150.WANG Xihui,LI Feng,LIANG Liang.The Deconstruction of a Relief Material Supply Network and Corresponding Structure Optimization Model[J].Chinese Journal of Management Science,2017,25(1):139-150.
[4]王杨,范植华.地震救援演练仿真系统的研究[J].计算机仿真,2013,30(1):404-408.WANG Yang,FAN Zhihua.Research on Earthquake Rescue Drilling Simulation System[J].Computer Simulation,2013,30(1):404-408.
[5] Bing L,Yaoguang Q,Jiyun D.Time-history Simulation of Civil Architecture Earthquake Disaster Relief-based on the Threedimensional Dynamic Finite Element Method[J].Frattura Ed IntegritàStrutturale,2014,8(30):526-536.
[6]曹彦波,李兆隆,李永强,等.云南地震应急快速评估模型本地化集成研究[J].地震研究,2015,38(1):148-154.CAO Yanbo,LI Zhaolong,LI Yongqiang,et al.Research on the Localization Integration of Yunnan Earthquake Emergency Rapid Assessment Model[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2015,38(1):148-154.
[7]袁道阳,杨青云,雷中生,等.四川北部地区三次中强历史地震补充考证[J].地震工程学报,2016,38(2):226-235.YUAN Daoyang,YANG Qingyun,LEI Zhongsheng,et al.Additional Textual Criticism of Three Moderate-strong Historical Earthquakes in the Northern Region of Sichuan Province[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2016,38(2):226-235.
[8]史莹,费文君,王丹宁,等.综合公园避震减灾适宜性评价方法分析[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(3):215-220.SHI Ying,FEI Wenjun,WANG Danning,et al.Methods and Analysis of Suitability Evaluation of Earthquake Resistance and Hazardous Reduction of Comprehensive Park[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2014,29(3):215-220.
[9]陈国建.南通地区输电线路风灾倒塔分析与防范对策[J].电力工程技术,2012,31(2):18-21.CHEN Guojian.Analysis and Countermeasures of Nantong Area Electric Transmission Line and Tower Falling Caused by Wind Damage[J].Jiangsu Electrical Engineering,2012,31(2):18-21.
[10]吴建超,郑水明,李恒,等.2014年3月30日湖北省秭归M4.7地震房屋震害特征分析[J].地震工程学报,2016,38(4):669-672.WU Jianchao,ZHENG Shuiming,LI Heng,et al.Building Damage Characteristics during the Zigui,Hubei M4.7Earthquake on March 30,2014[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2016,38(4):669-672.
[11]王飞,苏经宇,王志涛,等.城市综合承灾力评价的AAFSAPPE模型[J].建筑科学,2014,30(3):29-32.WANG Fei,SU Jingyu,WANG Zhitao,et al.Evaluate of City’s Comprehensive Disaster Bearing Capacity Based on AAFSA-PPE Model[J].Building Science,2014,30(3):29-32.
[12]stün A K,Barbarosoˇglu G.Performance Evaluation of Turkish Disaster Relief Management System in 1999Earthquakes Using Data Envelopment Analysis[J].Natural Hazards,2015,75(2):1977-1996.
[13]刘自凤,苏有锦,王宝善,等.宾川主动源地震波走时变化分析方法研究[J].地震研究,2015,38(4):591-597.LIU Zifen,SU Youjin,WANG Baoshan,et al.Study on Analysis Method of Travel Time Variations of Seismic Wave of Active Source in Binchuan[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2015,38(4):591-597.
[14]魏文晖,罗丹,张迪.基于BP神经网络的城市地震次生火灾起火率研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2014,36(10):99-104.WEI Wenhui,LUO Dan,ZHANG Di.Frequency of Urban Postearthquake Fire Based on BP Neural Network[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2014,36(10):99-104.
[15]王洲鹏,王彦宾,张献兵.表层沉积物特性对地震地面运动的影响研究[J].地震工程学报,2016,38(1):120-128.WANG Zhoupeng,WANG Yanbin,ZHANG Xianbing.Study of the Effect of Surface Sediment Characteristics on Earthquake Ground Motion[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2016,38(1):120-128.