意象图式化构式义与形名组合——以“热/冷-名词”组合为例
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摘要
对"热/冷-名词"组合所具有的意象图式化构式义的性质及其生成的认知理据和机制的探讨,揭示了制约形名组合的深层认知语义根源。研究表明,一方面,构式内部成分所具有的不同意象图式以线性和非线性联结的方式,经压制而转变生成容器图式化构式义,即"热-名词"构式表达"向外扩展的具有动态趋向的特征或效果",而"冷-名词"表达"向内收缩的具有静态趋向的特征或效果";另一方面,该容器图式化构式义及不同的认知识解突显制约着形容词"热"或"冷"与不同名词的搭配。
Focusing on the cognitive motivations and mechanisms that account for the generation of image schematic constructional meaning in the "hot/cold-noun"construction,this paper attempts to explore the inner reasons that govern the adjective noun combinations from a cognitive lexical semantics perspective. On the one hand,it is argued that the generation of CONTAINER image schematic constructional meaning results from the coercion and transformation,by means of linear and non-linear combination,of distinct image schemas that adjectives and nouns are construed,which endows "hot-noun"combinations with the constructional meaning of"the outward expanding feature or effect with the dynamic tendency"while "cold-noun"combinations that of"the inward shrinking feature or effect with the static tendency". Such image schematic constructional meaning along with the construal of salience,on the other hand,is stated to govern the possible combinations of "hot/cold"and nouns.
Focusing on the cognitive motivations and mechanisms that account for the generation of image schematic constructional meaning in the "hot/cold-noun"construction,this paper attempts to explore the inner reasons that govern the adjective noun combinations from a cognitive lexical semantics perspective. On the one hand,it is argued that the generation of CONTAINER image schematic constructional meaning results from the coercion and transformation,by means of linear and non-linear combination,of distinct image schemas that adjectives and nouns are construed,which endows "hot-noun"combinations with the constructional meaning of"the outward expanding feature or effect with the dynamic tendency"while "cold-noun"combinations that of"the inward shrinking feature or effect with the static tendency". Such image schematic constructional meaning along with the construal of salience,on the other hand,is stated to govern the possible combinations of "hot/cold"and nouns.
引文
(1)张辉,范瑞萍:《形名组合的意义建构:概念整合和物性结构的杂合分析模式》,《外国语》2008年第4期,第38-49页。
(2)Fauconnier G,Turner M.,“The Way We Think:Conceptual Blending and the Mind’s Hidden Complexities”,New York:Basic Books,2002,pp. 353-368.
(3)Langacker R W.,“Cognitive Grammar:A Basic Introduction”,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2008,p. 18.
(4)陆俭明:《构式与意象图式》,《北京大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)2009年第3期,第103-107页。
(5)白解红:《当代英汉词语的认知语义研究》,北京:外语教学与研究出版社2009版,第12页。
(6)Zhang N.,“The Interactions Between Construction Meaning and Lexical Meaning”,Linguistics,Vol. 36,No. 5,1998,pp. 957-980.
(7)Langacker R W.,“Cognitive Grammar:A Basic Introduction”,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2008,p. 244.
(1)Clausner T.,Croft W.,“Domains and Image Schemas”,Cognitive Linguistics,Vol. 10,No. 1,1999,pp. 1-31.
(2)Peňa MA S.,“Dependency Systems for Image-Schematic Patterns in a Usage-Based Approach to Language”,Journal of Pragmatics,Vol. 40,No.6,2008,pp. 1041-1066.
(3)Clausner T.,Croft W.,“Domains and Image Schemas”,Cognitive Linguistics,Vol. 10,No. 1,1999,pp. 1-31.
(4)Paradis C.,“Ontologies and Construals in Lexical Semantics”,Axiomathes,Vol. 15,No. 4,2005,pp. 541-573.
(5)三种不同类型的皮肤感受器中,痛感受器只能感受由极冷或极热的刺激而引起的痛觉,一般不被视为温度感受器。
(6)Talmy L.,“Toward a Cognitive Semantics,Volume I:Concept Structuring Systems”,Cambridge:The MIT Press,2000,pp. 63-64.
(7)Paradis C.,“Ontologies and Construals in Lexical Semantics”,Axiomathes,Vol. 15,No. 4,2005,pp. 541-573.
(1)Langacker R W.,“Foundations of Cognitive Grammar,Volume II:Descriptive Application”,Beijing:Peking University Press,2004,pp. 18-19.
(2)Paradis C.,“Ontologies and Construals in Lexical Semantics”,Axiomathes,Vol. 15,No. 4,2005,pp. 541-573.
(3)张建理:《英语形-名结构的动态识解研究》,《外语教学与研究》2007年第2期,第97-103页。
(4)本文的“热”“冷”,以及good,red等都属于内容偏向型形容词,而“绝对的”、main、terrible等则属于图式偏向型形容词。前者侧重突显诸如“温度”“品质”“颜色”等实体内容关系,而后者则侧重突显诸如“无界”或“有界”之类的图式关系。
(5)Paradis C.,“Adjectives and Boundedness”,Cognitive Linguistics,Vol. 12,No. 1,2001,pp. 47-65.
(1)Lakoff G,N 8)uňez R.,“Where Mathematics Comes From:How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics into Being”,New York:Basic Books,2000,p. 30.
(2)Clausner T.,Croft W.,“Domains and Image Schemas”,Cognitive Linguistics,Vol. 10,No. 1,1999,pp. 1-31.
(3)Paradis C.,“Adjectives and Boundedness”,Cognitive Linguistics,Vol. 12,No. 1,2001,pp. 47-65.
(1)苗东升:《非线性思维初探》,《首都师范大学学报》(社会科学版)2003年第5期,第94-102页。
(1)王松木:《从流俗词源论词语内部形式的湮灭与重构》,《文与哲》2007年第10期,第515-557页。
(2)Fauconnier G,Turner M.,“The Way We Think:Conceptual Blending and the Mind’s Hidden Complexities”,New York:Basic Books,2002,pp. 353-368.
(3)Langacker R W.,“Cognitive Grammar:A Basic Introduction”,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2008,p. 18.
(4)陆俭明:《构式与意象图式》,《北京大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)2009年第3期,第103-107页。
(5)白解红:《当代英汉词语的认知语义研究》,北京:外语教学与研究出版社2009版,第12页。
(6)Zhang N.,“The Interactions Between Construction Meaning and Lexical Meaning”,Linguistics,Vol. 36,No. 5,1998,pp. 957-980.
(7)Langacker R W.,“Cognitive Grammar:A Basic Introduction”,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2008,p. 244.
(1)Clausner T.,Croft W.,“Domains and Image Schemas”,Cognitive Linguistics,Vol. 10,No. 1,1999,pp. 1-31.
(2)Peňa MA S.,“Dependency Systems for Image-Schematic Patterns in a Usage-Based Approach to Language”,Journal of Pragmatics,Vol. 40,No.6,2008,pp. 1041-1066.
(3)Clausner T.,Croft W.,“Domains and Image Schemas”,Cognitive Linguistics,Vol. 10,No. 1,1999,pp. 1-31.
(4)Paradis C.,“Ontologies and Construals in Lexical Semantics”,Axiomathes,Vol. 15,No. 4,2005,pp. 541-573.
(5)三种不同类型的皮肤感受器中,痛感受器只能感受由极冷或极热的刺激而引起的痛觉,一般不被视为温度感受器。
(6)Talmy L.,“Toward a Cognitive Semantics,Volume I:Concept Structuring Systems”,Cambridge:The MIT Press,2000,pp. 63-64.
(7)Paradis C.,“Ontologies and Construals in Lexical Semantics”,Axiomathes,Vol. 15,No. 4,2005,pp. 541-573.
(1)Langacker R W.,“Foundations of Cognitive Grammar,Volume II:Descriptive Application”,Beijing:Peking University Press,2004,pp. 18-19.
(2)Paradis C.,“Ontologies and Construals in Lexical Semantics”,Axiomathes,Vol. 15,No. 4,2005,pp. 541-573.
(3)张建理:《英语形-名结构的动态识解研究》,《外语教学与研究》2007年第2期,第97-103页。
(4)本文的“热”“冷”,以及good,red等都属于内容偏向型形容词,而“绝对的”、main、terrible等则属于图式偏向型形容词。前者侧重突显诸如“温度”“品质”“颜色”等实体内容关系,而后者则侧重突显诸如“无界”或“有界”之类的图式关系。
(5)Paradis C.,“Adjectives and Boundedness”,Cognitive Linguistics,Vol. 12,No. 1,2001,pp. 47-65.
(1)Lakoff G,N 8)uňez R.,“Where Mathematics Comes From:How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics into Being”,New York:Basic Books,2000,p. 30.
(2)Clausner T.,Croft W.,“Domains and Image Schemas”,Cognitive Linguistics,Vol. 10,No. 1,1999,pp. 1-31.
(3)Paradis C.,“Adjectives and Boundedness”,Cognitive Linguistics,Vol. 12,No. 1,2001,pp. 47-65.
(1)苗东升:《非线性思维初探》,《首都师范大学学报》(社会科学版)2003年第5期,第94-102页。
(1)王松木:《从流俗词源论词语内部形式的湮灭与重构》,《文与哲》2007年第10期,第515-557页。