摘要
形名组合指形容词直接修饰名词的定中结构。词长搭配主要指2+2、2+1、1+2、1+1这四种形式。"的"字隐现指"的"字可有可无且基本同义的情况,如"特殊(的)问题"、"正确(的)方向"等。关于形名组合出现率的量化研究不多。祁峰和端木三(2015)对四种形名词长搭配进行了量化考察,但是没有考虑"的"字隐现问题,结果不够精确。文章以"兰卡斯特汉语语料库"为语料来源,通过"的"字隐现的语感实验,对"的"字隐现情况进行了明确定义。然后,排除"的"字隐现情况,重新进行了统计。研究发现,在真正无"的"的四种词长搭配中,2+1的出现率(类频)不到5%,与前人看法相似,而2+2的出现率不到2%,大大低于前人估计。研究表明,和2+1一样,真正无"的"的2+2形名组合在汉语中不是能产的结构,而是受限制的结构。
We use[AN]to refer to nominal structures in which an adjective directly modifies a noun.We consider four length patterns 2+2,2+1,1+2,and 1+1,where 1 is a monosyllable and 2 a disyllable.We use hidden"de"(的)(where"de"is a grammatical particle)to refer to cases where[AN]and[A "de"N]are interchangeable and synonymous.Qi and Duanmu(2015)examined the frequencies of the four length patterns of[AN],without considering the effect of hidden "de",which has affected the accuracy of their results.We offer a new study of the four length patterns of[AN],using the Lancaster Corpus of Mandarin Chinese.Our study includes an experiment to gather judgment data on the distribution patterns of hidden "de"in various cases.Our results show that,when hidden"de"is excluded,the frequency of 2+1 is below 5%,in agreement with previous observations.On the other hand,the frequency of 2+2 is below 2%,far lower than previous estimates.We conclude that both 2+1 and 2+2[AN]are unproductive and highly restricted structures in Chinese.
引文
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