环境法形式理性的困境
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摘要
随着福利国家兴起和社会多元化发展,现代法律在全球范围内呈现出反形式化倾向。一方面,中国法治发展在客观上深受现代法律反形式化趋势的影响;另一方面,中国法治发展现阶段所表现出来的个性特征也在冲击着法律的形式理性。作为现代法律代表的环境法,同时作为当代中国最具活力法律代表的中国环境法,在上述背景之下不可避免地陷入到法律形式理性的困境之中。具体表现为现代环境法律都必然面对的法律目的超实证化、立法碎片化、司法权自由扩张、行政权自我编程,以及中国本土法治资源所形成的形式法治传统缺失、实质合理性的偏好、政策与法律的抵牾。
With the rise of the welfare state and the development of social diversification, modern law has shown an anti-formal tendency on a global scale. On the one hand, the development of the rule of law in China is deeply influenced by the anti-formalization trend of modern law; on the other hand, the personality characteristics of the development stage of the rule of law in China are also impacting the formal rationality of law. As the representative of the modern law, the environmental law, and the Chinese environmental law, which is the most dynamic legal representative of contemporary China, inevitably fall into the predicament of legal form rationality under the above background. It is manifested in the fact that the global environmental law is bound to face the excessive legalization of legal purposes, the fragmentation of legislation, the expansion of judicial power, the self-programming of administrative power, and the lack of formal rule of law formed by Chinese local rule of law resources, and the excessive invasion of policies by law.
With the rise of the welfare state and the development of social diversification, modern law has shown an anti-formal tendency on a global scale. On the one hand, the development of the rule of law in China is deeply influenced by the anti-formalization trend of modern law; on the other hand, the personality characteristics of the development stage of the rule of law in China are also impacting the formal rationality of law. As the representative of the modern law, the environmental law, and the Chinese environmental law, which is the most dynamic legal representative of contemporary China, inevitably fall into the predicament of legal form rationality under the above background. It is manifested in the fact that the global environmental law is bound to face the excessive legalization of legal purposes, the fragmentation of legislation, the expansion of judicial power, the self-programming of administrative power, and the lack of formal rule of law formed by Chinese local rule of law resources, and the excessive invasion of policies by law.
引文
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[2]洪镰德.法律社会学[M]. 2001年版.台北:台湾扬智文化事业股份有限公司,2001:393.
[3]罗伯托·昂格尔.现代社会中的法律[M].吴玉章,周汉华,译.北京:译林出版社,2001:187-189.
[4]王昭振.刑法知识转型与实质刑法解释的反形式主义[J].法学评论,2013(5):56.
[5]莫世健.国际法碎片化和国际法体系的效力[J].法学评论,2015(5):118.
[6]萨维尼.论立法与法学的当代使命[M].许章润,译.北京:中国法制出版社,2011:11.
[7]刘羽.现代背景下的法形式理性危机及其解决[D].上海:华东政法大学,2008:23.
[8]马克思·韦伯.法律社会学[M].康乐,简惠美,译.广西:广西师范大学出版社,2005:325.
[9]蒋立山.中国法制道路探析——法理学与法治之镜[M].北京:中国政法大学教务处,1999:549.
[10]李明华,陈真亮,文黎照.生态文明与中国环境政策的转型[J].浙江社会科学,2008(11):83.
[11]李勇进,陈文江,常跟应.中国环境政策演变和循环经济发展——对实现生态现代化的启示[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2008(5):13.