出口强度、产品价值链与企业信息化水平——学习效应还是规模经济效应?
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摘要
基于产品价值链视角考察中国企业出口强度的信息化效应及其作用路径。在理论分析的基础上,采取世界银行提供的中国企业微观数据,运用iv-tobit模型和iv-oprobit模型基于总体及产品价值链维度进行实证验证。结果表明:企业出口强度对其总体及产品价值链各个环节的信息化水平都具有显著正向效应,且在产品价值链中下游环节的正向效应大于中上游环节;出口的学习效应和规模经济效应是总体及产品价值链各个环节的出口信息化效应显著存在的两个作用路径,但前者的中介作用大于后者。研究结论为企业在经济全球化背景下全方位推进产品价值链各个环节的信息化建设提供了全新思路和决策依据。
The informatization effects of Chinese firms' export intensity and their influence paths were analyzed from the perspective of product value chain in this paper. The internal mechanisms were analyzed theoretically,and then were tested empirically based on the dimensions of overall and product value chain through adopting the models of iv-tobit and iv-oprobit and the micro-data from the World Bank. The results show that: The export intensity has a significant positive effect on the informatization level in the overall and all aspects of product value chain,and the positive effects in the downstream of product value chain are greater than that in the upstream of product value chain; the learning effect and scale economy effect of export are two important paths for the export informatization effect,but the role of the former is greater than the latter in the overall and all aspects of product value chain. The above results could provide new ideas and decision-making basis for firm to promote the information construction of the entire product value chain in the context of economic globalization.
The informatization effects of Chinese firms' export intensity and their influence paths were analyzed from the perspective of product value chain in this paper. The internal mechanisms were analyzed theoretically,and then were tested empirically based on the dimensions of overall and product value chain through adopting the models of iv-tobit and iv-oprobit and the micro-data from the World Bank. The results show that: The export intensity has a significant positive effect on the informatization level in the overall and all aspects of product value chain,and the positive effects in the downstream of product value chain are greater than that in the upstream of product value chain; the learning effect and scale economy effect of export are two important paths for the export informatization effect,but the role of the former is greater than the latter in the overall and all aspects of product value chain. The above results could provide new ideas and decision-making basis for firm to promote the information construction of the entire product value chain in the context of economic globalization.
引文
[1]TARUTE·A,GATAUTIS R. ICT impact on SMEs performance[J]. Procedia-social and behavioral sciences,2014,110:1218-1225.
[2]LECHMAN E,MARSZK A. Information and communication technologies for economic development[C]//KAUR H,LECHMAN E,MARSZK A. Catalyzing development through ICT adoption. Cham:Springer International Publishing,2017:3-14.
[3]ZOROJA J. Fostering competitiveness in European countries with ICT:GCI agenda[J]. International journal of engineering business management,2015,7:7-18.
[4]FAKHER A. The impact of investment in ICT sector on foreign direct investment:applied study on Egypt[J]. Review of integrative business and economic research,2016,5(2):151-166.
[5]CONSOLI D. Literature analysis on determinant factors and the impact of ICT in SMEs[J]. Procedia-social and behavioral sciences,2012,62:93-97.
[6]GALLEGO J M,GUTIRREZ L H,LEE S H. A firm-level analysis of ICT adoption in an emerging economy:evidence from the colombian manufacturing industries[J]. Industrial and corporate change,2014,24(1):191-221.
[7]GIOTOPOULOS I,KONTOLAIMOU A,KORRA E,et al. What drives ICT adoption by SMEs? Evidence from a large-scale survey in Greece[J]. Journal of business research,2017,81:60-69.
[8]HALLER S,TRAISTARU-SIEDSCHLAG I. The adoption of ICT:firm-level evidence from Irish manufacturing industries[R]. ESRI working paper,2007.
[9]HOQUE M R,SAIF A N M,ALBAR A M,et al. Adoption of information and communication technology for development:a case study of small and medium enterprises in Bangladesh[J]. Information development,2016,32(4):986-1000.
[10]CARBONI O A. Investment in information and communication technologies(ICT):the role of geographic distance and industry proximity[J]. Review of regional studies,2013,43:191-212.
[11]GUERRIERI P,LUCIANI M,MELICIANI V. The determinants of investment in information and communication technologies[J]. Economics of innovation and new technology,2011,20(4):387-403.
[12]BILLON M,LERA-LOPEZ F,MARCO R. ICT use by households and firms in the EU:links and determinants from a multivariate perspective[J]. Review of world economics,2016,152(4):629-654.
[13]MWAI E. Factors influencing adoption of ICT by small and medium enterprises in the hospitality industry in Kenya[J].IOSR journal of mobile computing&application,2016,3(2):12-19.
[14]李坤望,邵文波,王永进.信息化密度、信息基础设施与企业出口绩效——基于企业异质性的理论与实证分析[J].管理世界,2015(4):52-65.
[15]GREENAWAY D,KNELLER R. Exporting,productivity and agglomeration[J]. European economic review,2008,52(5):919-939.
[16]张杰,张帆,陈志远.出口与企业生产率关系的新检验:中国经验[J].世界经济,2016(6):54-76.
[17]刘军.信息化密度与中国企业出口决定:基于产品价值链视角[J].国际贸易问题,2016(6):39-49.
[18]MATTES A,MEINEN P,PAVEL F. Goods follow bytes:the impact of ICT on EU trade[R]. DIW Berlin discussion paper,2012.
[19]NATH H K,LIU L. Information and communications technology(ICT)and services trade[J]. Information economics and policy,2017,41:81-87.
[20]RADZI M,JUNOH A S,HUSSAIN N S N,et al. The effect of information,communication and technology(ICT)and quality management to export performance of Malaysian's SME in manufacturing sector[J]. Journal of scientific research and development,2015,2(14):146-157.
[21]MAKANYEZA C,NDLOVU A. ICT usage and its effect on export performance:empirical evidence from small and medium enterprises in the manufacturing sector in Zimbabwe[J]. Botswana journal of business,2016,9(1):21-36.
[22]HAGSTEN E,KOTNIK P. ICT as facilitator of internationalisation in small-and medium-sized firms[J]. Small business economics,2017,48(2):431-446.
[23]许家云,毛其淋,佟家栋.出口如何影响了企业的风险承担能力?[J].产业经济研究,2015(2):1-14.
[24]王恕立,刘军.中国服务企业生产率异质性与资源再配置效应——与制造业企业相同吗?[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2014(5):37-53.
[25]余林徽,陆毅,路江涌.解构经济制度对我国企业生产率的影响[J].经济学(季刊),2013(1):127-150.
[26]钱学锋,熊平.中国出口增长的二元边际及其因素决定[J].经济研究,2010(1):65-79.
(1)选择ict_value=5时的平均边际效应进行比较分析,主要是因为ict_value=5时,代表企业使用ICT的频率最高,即信息化水平最高,故相比ict_value的其他取值,考察ict_value=5时的平均边际效应能够更好地反映出对信息化水平的提升作用。
[2]LECHMAN E,MARSZK A. Information and communication technologies for economic development[C]//KAUR H,LECHMAN E,MARSZK A. Catalyzing development through ICT adoption. Cham:Springer International Publishing,2017:3-14.
[3]ZOROJA J. Fostering competitiveness in European countries with ICT:GCI agenda[J]. International journal of engineering business management,2015,7:7-18.
[4]FAKHER A. The impact of investment in ICT sector on foreign direct investment:applied study on Egypt[J]. Review of integrative business and economic research,2016,5(2):151-166.
[5]CONSOLI D. Literature analysis on determinant factors and the impact of ICT in SMEs[J]. Procedia-social and behavioral sciences,2012,62:93-97.
[6]GALLEGO J M,GUTIRREZ L H,LEE S H. A firm-level analysis of ICT adoption in an emerging economy:evidence from the colombian manufacturing industries[J]. Industrial and corporate change,2014,24(1):191-221.
[7]GIOTOPOULOS I,KONTOLAIMOU A,KORRA E,et al. What drives ICT adoption by SMEs? Evidence from a large-scale survey in Greece[J]. Journal of business research,2017,81:60-69.
[8]HALLER S,TRAISTARU-SIEDSCHLAG I. The adoption of ICT:firm-level evidence from Irish manufacturing industries[R]. ESRI working paper,2007.
[9]HOQUE M R,SAIF A N M,ALBAR A M,et al. Adoption of information and communication technology for development:a case study of small and medium enterprises in Bangladesh[J]. Information development,2016,32(4):986-1000.
[10]CARBONI O A. Investment in information and communication technologies(ICT):the role of geographic distance and industry proximity[J]. Review of regional studies,2013,43:191-212.
[11]GUERRIERI P,LUCIANI M,MELICIANI V. The determinants of investment in information and communication technologies[J]. Economics of innovation and new technology,2011,20(4):387-403.
[12]BILLON M,LERA-LOPEZ F,MARCO R. ICT use by households and firms in the EU:links and determinants from a multivariate perspective[J]. Review of world economics,2016,152(4):629-654.
[13]MWAI E. Factors influencing adoption of ICT by small and medium enterprises in the hospitality industry in Kenya[J].IOSR journal of mobile computing&application,2016,3(2):12-19.
[14]李坤望,邵文波,王永进.信息化密度、信息基础设施与企业出口绩效——基于企业异质性的理论与实证分析[J].管理世界,2015(4):52-65.
[15]GREENAWAY D,KNELLER R. Exporting,productivity and agglomeration[J]. European economic review,2008,52(5):919-939.
[16]张杰,张帆,陈志远.出口与企业生产率关系的新检验:中国经验[J].世界经济,2016(6):54-76.
[17]刘军.信息化密度与中国企业出口决定:基于产品价值链视角[J].国际贸易问题,2016(6):39-49.
[18]MATTES A,MEINEN P,PAVEL F. Goods follow bytes:the impact of ICT on EU trade[R]. DIW Berlin discussion paper,2012.
[19]NATH H K,LIU L. Information and communications technology(ICT)and services trade[J]. Information economics and policy,2017,41:81-87.
[20]RADZI M,JUNOH A S,HUSSAIN N S N,et al. The effect of information,communication and technology(ICT)and quality management to export performance of Malaysian's SME in manufacturing sector[J]. Journal of scientific research and development,2015,2(14):146-157.
[21]MAKANYEZA C,NDLOVU A. ICT usage and its effect on export performance:empirical evidence from small and medium enterprises in the manufacturing sector in Zimbabwe[J]. Botswana journal of business,2016,9(1):21-36.
[22]HAGSTEN E,KOTNIK P. ICT as facilitator of internationalisation in small-and medium-sized firms[J]. Small business economics,2017,48(2):431-446.
[23]许家云,毛其淋,佟家栋.出口如何影响了企业的风险承担能力?[J].产业经济研究,2015(2):1-14.
[24]王恕立,刘军.中国服务企业生产率异质性与资源再配置效应——与制造业企业相同吗?[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2014(5):37-53.
[25]余林徽,陆毅,路江涌.解构经济制度对我国企业生产率的影响[J].经济学(季刊),2013(1):127-150.
[26]钱学锋,熊平.中国出口增长的二元边际及其因素决定[J].经济研究,2010(1):65-79.
(1)选择ict_value=5时的平均边际效应进行比较分析,主要是因为ict_value=5时,代表企业使用ICT的频率最高,即信息化水平最高,故相比ict_value的其他取值,考察ict_value=5时的平均边际效应能够更好地反映出对信息化水平的提升作用。