升温及淹水条件下土著与外来盐沼植物的生长和光合特征比较
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摘要
针对我国海岸带典型土著植物芦苇(Phragmites australis)和外来物种互花米草(Spartina alterniflora),研究了其在升温(约升高3℃)和淹水(浅淹水和深淹水)条件下的生长和光合特性.结果显示,升温处理增加了不淹水和浅淹水条件下的芦苇株高、叶面积、最大光合速率与表观量子效率,而对深淹水条件下的芦苇影响较小.深淹水处理下芦苇株高最高,但叶面积最小,体现了其形态适应性.深淹水处理显著降低了生长季中期与后期的芦苇光合和叶绿素荧光参数.升温和淹水处理均提高了互花米草的生长、光合和叶绿素荧光参数,且升温条件下的增加程度较芦苇高,各生长阶段不同淹水处理之间没有显著差异.方差分析表明,升温和淹水处理对芦苇生理生态参数的影响显著程度具有季节差异性,淹水处理的影响更为显著,并存在因子交互作用.升温处理对互花米草光合参数有显著影响,而淹水处理的影响不显著.因此,外来物种可能比土著物种更能适应未来气温升高和海平面上升的环境条件.
Growth and photosynthesis characteristics of native Phragmites australis and exotic Spartina alterniflora,the dominant salt marsh species in China's coastline, grown under elevated temperature and waterlogging conditions, were investigated. The results showed that elevated temperature increased the shoot height, leaf area, maximum rate of photosynthesis, and the apparent quantum yield of P. australis under non-waterlogging(Non-W) and shallow-waterlogging(S-W) conditions. However, the effect was negligible for the growth and photosynthesis parameters of P. australis in deep-waterlogging(D-W)conditions. The shoot height of P. australis reached a maximum, but the leaf area was lowest in a D-W state, indicating morphological adaption to waterlogging. D-W conditions significantly decreased the photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of P.australis during the middle and later growth periods, compared to Non-W and S-W conditions. Both temperature elevation and waterlogging increased the growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of S. alterniflora,and the degree of increase under elevated temperature was greater than that of P. australis. Differences in growth and photosynthesis of S. alterniflora between the waterlogging treatments were not notable throughout the growing period. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of elevated temperature on the eco-physiological characters of P. australis was season-dependent, and the impact of waterlogging treatment was more notable with some interaction between the treatments. The effect of temperature elevation on photosynthesis parameters of S. altemiflora was notable, but not for the waterlogging treatment. We suggest that anticipated climate warming and rises in sea level might be beneficial to the exotic marsh species.
Growth and photosynthesis characteristics of native Phragmites australis and exotic Spartina alterniflora,the dominant salt marsh species in China's coastline, grown under elevated temperature and waterlogging conditions, were investigated. The results showed that elevated temperature increased the shoot height, leaf area, maximum rate of photosynthesis, and the apparent quantum yield of P. australis under non-waterlogging(Non-W) and shallow-waterlogging(S-W) conditions. However, the effect was negligible for the growth and photosynthesis parameters of P. australis in deep-waterlogging(D-W)conditions. The shoot height of P. australis reached a maximum, but the leaf area was lowest in a D-W state, indicating morphological adaption to waterlogging. D-W conditions significantly decreased the photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of P.australis during the middle and later growth periods, compared to Non-W and S-W conditions. Both temperature elevation and waterlogging increased the growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of S. alterniflora,and the degree of increase under elevated temperature was greater than that of P. australis. Differences in growth and photosynthesis of S. alterniflora between the waterlogging treatments were not notable throughout the growing period. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of elevated temperature on the eco-physiological characters of P. australis was season-dependent, and the impact of waterlogging treatment was more notable with some interaction between the treatments. The effect of temperature elevation on photosynthesis parameters of S. altemiflora was notable, but not for the waterlogging treatment. We suggest that anticipated climate warming and rises in sea level might be beneficial to the exotic marsh species.
引文
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[17]潘澜,薛立.植物淹水胁迫的生理学机制研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2012, 31(10):2662-2672.
[18]刘瑞仙,靖元孝,肖林,等.淹水深度对互叶白千层幼苗气体交换、叶绿素荧光和生长的影响[J].生态学报,2010, 30(19):5113-5120.
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[22] ENGELS J G, KAI J. Role of biotic interactions and physical factors in determining the distribution of marsh species along an estuarine salinity gradient[J]. Oikos, 2010, 119(4):679-685.
[23] DUNNE J A, HARTE J, TAYLOR K J. Subalpine meadow flowering phenology responses to climate change:integrating experimental and gradient methods[J]. Ecological Monographs, 2003, 73(1):69-86.
[24] NIU S, LI Z, XIA J, et al. Climatic warming changes plant photosynthesis and its temperature dependence in a temperate steppe of northern China[J]. Environmental&Experimental Botany, 2008, 63(1):91-101.
[25] LOIK M E, REDAR S P, HARTE J. Photosynthetic responses to a climate-warming manipulation for contrasting meadow species in the Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA[J]. Functional Ecology, 2000, 14(2):166-175.
[26] SANDVIK S M, HEEGAARD E, ELVEN R, et al. Responses of alpine snowbed vegetation to long-term experimental warming[J]. Ecoscience, 2004, 11(2):150-159.
[27]王琼,唐娅,谢涛,等.入侵植物喜旱莲子草和本地种接骨草光合生理特征对增温响应的差异[J].生态学报,2017, 37(3):770-777.
[28] LIMA A L S, DAMATTA F M, PINHEIRO H A, et al. Photochemical responses and oxidative stress in two clones of Coffea canephora under water deficit conditions[J]. Environmental&Experimental Botany, 2002,47(3):239-247.
[29] BRADLEY B A, BLUMENTHAL D M, WILCOVE D S, et al. Predicting plant invasions in an era of global change[J]. Trends in Ecology&Evolution, 2010, 25(5):310-318.
[30] SAGE R,KUBIEN D. The temperature responses of C_3 and C_4 photosynthesis[J]. Plant, Cell and Environment,2007,30:1086-1106.
[31] KIRSCHBAUM M U. Direct and indirect climate change effects on photosynthesis and transpiration[J]. Plant Biology, 2004, 6(3):242-253.
[32] GE Z M, WANG H, CAO H B, et al. Riesponses of eastern Chinese coastal salt marshes to sea-level rise combined with vegetative and sedimentary processes[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016(6):28466.
[33] AMSBERRY L, BAKER M A, EWANCHUK P J, et al. Clonal integration and the expansion of Phragmites australis[J]. Ecological Applications, 2000, 10(4):1110-1118.
[34]刘泽彬,程瑞梅,肖文发,等.淹水对三峡库区消落带香附子生长及光合特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2013, 32(8):2015-2022.
[35] CHEN X, PIERIK R, PEETERS A J M, et al. Endogenous abscisic acid as a key switch for natural variation in flooding-induced shoot elongation[J]. Plant Physiology, 2010, 154(2):969-977.
[36] VOESENEK L A, RIJNDERS J H, PEETERS A J, et al. Plant hormones regulate fast shoot elongation under water:From genes to communities[J]. Ecology, 2004, 85(1):16-27.
[37] MANZUR M E, GRIMOLDI A A, INSAUSTI P, et al. Escape from water or remain quiescent? Lotus tenuis changes its strategy depending on depth of submergence[J]. Annals of Botany, 2009, 104(6):1163-1169.
[38] ASHRAF M, ARFAN M. Gas exchange characteristics and water relations in two cultivars of Hibiscus eaculentus under waterlogging[J]. Biologia Plantarum, 2005, 49(3):459-462.
[39] MIELKE, MATOS M S, COUTO E M, et al. Some photosynthetic and growth responses of Annona glabra L.seedlings to soil flooding[J]. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 2005, 19(4):264-265.
[40] MALIK A I, COLMER T D, LAMBERS H, et al. Changes in physiological and morphological traits of roots and shoots of wheat in response to different depths of waterlogging[J]. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology,2001, 28(11):1121-1131.
[41] CHEN H, QUALLS R G, BLANK R R. Effect of soil flooding on photosynthesis, carbohydrate partitioning and nutrient uptake in the invasive exotic Lepidium latifolium[J]. Aquatic Botany, 2005, 82(4):250-268.
[42] VOSS C M, CHRISTIAN R R, MORRIS J T. Marsh macrophyte responses to inundation anticipate impacts of sea-level rise and indicate ongoing drowning of North Carolina marshes[J]. Marine Biology, 2013, 160(1):181-194.
[43] NAIDOO G, MCKEE K L, MENDELSSOHN I A. Anatomical and metabolic responses to waterlogging and salinity in Spartina alterniflora and S. patens(Poaceae)[J]. American Journal of Botany, 1992, 79(7):765-770.
[44]孙宝玉,韩广轩,陈亮,等.短期模拟增温对黄河三角洲滨海湿地芦苇光响应特征的影响[J].生态学报,2018, 38(1):167-176.
[45] DWYER S A, GHANNOUM O, NICOTRA A, et al. High temperature acclimation of C_4 photosynthesis is linked to changes in photosynthetic biochemistry[J]. Plant Cell&Environment, 2007, 30(1):53-66.
[2] KIRWAN M L, MEGONIGAL J P. Tidal wetland stability in the face of human impacts and sea-level rise[J].Nature, 2013, 504(7478):53-60.
[3]STOCKER T F, QIN D, PLATTNER G K, et al. The Physical Science Basis[R]//Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, 2013:159-254.
[4] CHURCH J A, CLARK P U, CAZENAVE A, et al. Sea-level rise by 2100[J]. Science, 2013, 342(6165):1445.
[5]ZUO P, ZHAO S, LIU C A, et al. Distribution of Spartina spp. along China's coast[J]. Ecological Engineering,2012, 40:160-166.
[6]关道明.中国滨海湿地[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012.
[7] GE Z M, ZHANG L Q, LIN Y. Spatiotemporal dynamics of salt marsh vegetation regulated by plant invasion and abiotic processes in the Yangtze Estuary:observations with a modeling approach[J]. Estuaries Coasts,2015, 38(1):310-324.
[8] LI B, LIAO C H, ZHANG X D, et al. Spartina alternifiora invasions in the Yangtze River estuary, China:An overview of current status and ecosystem effects[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2009, 35(4):511-520.
[9] CLELAND E E, CHIARIELLO N R, LOARIE S R, et al. Diverse responses of phenology to global changes in a grassland ecosystem[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2006, 103(37):13740-13744.
[10] RUSTAD L E, CAMPBELL J L, MARION G M, et al. A meta-analysis of the response of soil respiration, net nitrogen mineralization, and aboveground plant growth to experimental ecosystem warming[J]. Oecologia, 2001,126(4):543-562.
[11]祁秋艳,杨淑慧,仲启铖,等.崇明东滩芦苇光合特征对模拟增温的响应[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012, 2012(6):29-38.
[12] MORRIS J T, SUNDARESHWAR P V, NIETCH C T, et al. Responses of coastal wetlands to rising sea level[J]. Ecology, 2002, 83(10):2869-2877.
[13] KOPPITZ H. Effects of flooding on the amino acid and carbohydrate patterns of Phragmites australis[J].Limnologica, 2004, 34(1):37-47.
[14] MAUCHAMP A, METHY M. Submergence-induced damage of photosynthetic apparatus in Phragmites australis[J]. Environmental&Experimental Botany, 2004, 51(3):227-235.
[15] GLAZ B, MORRIS D R, DAROUB S H. Sugarcane photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance due to flooding and water table[J]. Crop Science, 2004, 44(5):1633-1641.
[16]仲启铖,王江涛,周剑虹,等.水位调控对崇明东滩围垦区滩涂湿地芦苇和白茅光合、形态及生长的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014, 25(2):408-418.
[17]潘澜,薛立.植物淹水胁迫的生理学机制研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2012, 31(10):2662-2672.
[18]刘瑞仙,靖元孝,肖林,等.淹水深度对互叶白千层幼苗气体交换、叶绿素荧光和生长的影响[J].生态学报,2010, 30(19):5113-5120.
[19] CANNELL M G R, THORNLEY J H M. Temperature and CO_2 responses of leaf and canopy photosynthesis:a clarification using the non-rectangular hyperbola model of photosynthesis[J]. Annals of Botany, 1998, 82(6):883-892.
[20] EVANS J R, JAKOBSEN I, OGREN E. Photosynthetic light-response curves:2. Gradients of light absorption and photosynthetic capacity[J]. Planta, 1993, 189(2):191-200.
[21] MAXWELL K, JOHNSON G N. Chlorophyll fluorescence—a practical guide[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,2000, 51(345):659-668.
[22] ENGELS J G, KAI J. Role of biotic interactions and physical factors in determining the distribution of marsh species along an estuarine salinity gradient[J]. Oikos, 2010, 119(4):679-685.
[23] DUNNE J A, HARTE J, TAYLOR K J. Subalpine meadow flowering phenology responses to climate change:integrating experimental and gradient methods[J]. Ecological Monographs, 2003, 73(1):69-86.
[24] NIU S, LI Z, XIA J, et al. Climatic warming changes plant photosynthesis and its temperature dependence in a temperate steppe of northern China[J]. Environmental&Experimental Botany, 2008, 63(1):91-101.
[25] LOIK M E, REDAR S P, HARTE J. Photosynthetic responses to a climate-warming manipulation for contrasting meadow species in the Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA[J]. Functional Ecology, 2000, 14(2):166-175.
[26] SANDVIK S M, HEEGAARD E, ELVEN R, et al. Responses of alpine snowbed vegetation to long-term experimental warming[J]. Ecoscience, 2004, 11(2):150-159.
[27]王琼,唐娅,谢涛,等.入侵植物喜旱莲子草和本地种接骨草光合生理特征对增温响应的差异[J].生态学报,2017, 37(3):770-777.
[28] LIMA A L S, DAMATTA F M, PINHEIRO H A, et al. Photochemical responses and oxidative stress in two clones of Coffea canephora under water deficit conditions[J]. Environmental&Experimental Botany, 2002,47(3):239-247.
[29] BRADLEY B A, BLUMENTHAL D M, WILCOVE D S, et al. Predicting plant invasions in an era of global change[J]. Trends in Ecology&Evolution, 2010, 25(5):310-318.
[30] SAGE R,KUBIEN D. The temperature responses of C_3 and C_4 photosynthesis[J]. Plant, Cell and Environment,2007,30:1086-1106.
[31] KIRSCHBAUM M U. Direct and indirect climate change effects on photosynthesis and transpiration[J]. Plant Biology, 2004, 6(3):242-253.
[32] GE Z M, WANG H, CAO H B, et al. Riesponses of eastern Chinese coastal salt marshes to sea-level rise combined with vegetative and sedimentary processes[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016(6):28466.
[33] AMSBERRY L, BAKER M A, EWANCHUK P J, et al. Clonal integration and the expansion of Phragmites australis[J]. Ecological Applications, 2000, 10(4):1110-1118.
[34]刘泽彬,程瑞梅,肖文发,等.淹水对三峡库区消落带香附子生长及光合特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2013, 32(8):2015-2022.
[35] CHEN X, PIERIK R, PEETERS A J M, et al. Endogenous abscisic acid as a key switch for natural variation in flooding-induced shoot elongation[J]. Plant Physiology, 2010, 154(2):969-977.
[36] VOESENEK L A, RIJNDERS J H, PEETERS A J, et al. Plant hormones regulate fast shoot elongation under water:From genes to communities[J]. Ecology, 2004, 85(1):16-27.
[37] MANZUR M E, GRIMOLDI A A, INSAUSTI P, et al. Escape from water or remain quiescent? Lotus tenuis changes its strategy depending on depth of submergence[J]. Annals of Botany, 2009, 104(6):1163-1169.
[38] ASHRAF M, ARFAN M. Gas exchange characteristics and water relations in two cultivars of Hibiscus eaculentus under waterlogging[J]. Biologia Plantarum, 2005, 49(3):459-462.
[39] MIELKE, MATOS M S, COUTO E M, et al. Some photosynthetic and growth responses of Annona glabra L.seedlings to soil flooding[J]. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 2005, 19(4):264-265.
[40] MALIK A I, COLMER T D, LAMBERS H, et al. Changes in physiological and morphological traits of roots and shoots of wheat in response to different depths of waterlogging[J]. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology,2001, 28(11):1121-1131.
[41] CHEN H, QUALLS R G, BLANK R R. Effect of soil flooding on photosynthesis, carbohydrate partitioning and nutrient uptake in the invasive exotic Lepidium latifolium[J]. Aquatic Botany, 2005, 82(4):250-268.
[42] VOSS C M, CHRISTIAN R R, MORRIS J T. Marsh macrophyte responses to inundation anticipate impacts of sea-level rise and indicate ongoing drowning of North Carolina marshes[J]. Marine Biology, 2013, 160(1):181-194.
[43] NAIDOO G, MCKEE K L, MENDELSSOHN I A. Anatomical and metabolic responses to waterlogging and salinity in Spartina alterniflora and S. patens(Poaceae)[J]. American Journal of Botany, 1992, 79(7):765-770.
[44]孙宝玉,韩广轩,陈亮,等.短期模拟增温对黄河三角洲滨海湿地芦苇光响应特征的影响[J].生态学报,2018, 38(1):167-176.
[45] DWYER S A, GHANNOUM O, NICOTRA A, et al. High temperature acclimation of C_4 photosynthesis is linked to changes in photosynthetic biochemistry[J]. Plant Cell&Environment, 2007, 30(1):53-66.