形状记忆聚合物在柔性光/电子器件领域的发展与挑战
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摘要
随着柔性光/电子技术的不断发展,人们对下一代柔性光/电子器件提出了新的要求。刺激响应型材料尤其是形状记忆聚合物(Shape memory polymer,SMP)近年来得到了广泛的关注与发展。将SMP与柔性光/电子结合不仅能够赋予柔性光/电子器件形状记忆功能,而且还能极大拓展柔性光/电子器件的功能性和应用范围。本文首先综述了使用SMP基板赋予柔性光/电子器件形状记忆功能的SMP种类、驱动方法、制备技术及应用领域;其次综述了具有显著优势的4D打印技术打印的三维SMP结构器件的种类、所使用的SMP原材料、驱动方法及应用领域;最后展望了形状记忆柔性光/电子器件未来发展方向和遇到的挑战。
Flexible optoelectronics have been well developed due to the flexibility and stretchability.While,new requirements are put forward for the next generation of flexible optoelectronics.Shape memory polymers(SMPs)with controllable shape changing properties and tunable moduli have unique benefits in flexible optoelectronics,which can be utilized as the raw materials or flexible substrates.Shape memory flexible optoelectronics can be not only break through the disadvantages of the traditional rigid inorganic devices,but also can greatly increase the functions and applications.Herein,the sate-of-art progresses of SMP-based flexible optoelectronics,including the SMP substrates,drive methods and basic drive principles as well as the fabrication technologies,are reviewed.Furthermore,this paper elaborates the application of four-dimensional(4 D)printing technology in the SMP-based structural electronics.Lastly,the existing problems and further developments of SMP-based flexible optoelectronics are described.
Flexible optoelectronics have been well developed due to the flexibility and stretchability.While,new requirements are put forward for the next generation of flexible optoelectronics.Shape memory polymers(SMPs)with controllable shape changing properties and tunable moduli have unique benefits in flexible optoelectronics,which can be utilized as the raw materials or flexible substrates.Shape memory flexible optoelectronics can be not only break through the disadvantages of the traditional rigid inorganic devices,but also can greatly increase the functions and applications.Herein,the sate-of-art progresses of SMP-based flexible optoelectronics,including the SMP substrates,drive methods and basic drive principles as well as the fabrication technologies,are reviewed.Furthermore,this paper elaborates the application of four-dimensional(4 D)printing technology in the SMP-based structural electronics.Lastly,the existing problems and further developments of SMP-based flexible optoelectronics are described.
引文
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[16] METCALFE A,DESFAITS A C,SALAZKIN I,et al.Cold hibernated elastic memory foams for endovascular interventions[J].Biomaterials,2003,24(3):491-497.
[17] GALL K,DUNN M L,LIU Y,et al.Shape memory polymer nanocomposites[J].Acta Materialia,2002,50(20):5115-5126.
[18] MENG Q,HU J,ZHU Y,et al.Morphology,phase separation,thermal and mechanical property differences of shape memory fibers prepared by different spinning methods[J].Smart Materials&Structures,2007,16(4):1192.
[19] BEAVERS F,MUNSHI N,LAKE M,et al.Design and testing of an elastic memory composite deployment hinge for spacecraft[C]//Structures,Structural Dynamics,and Materials and Co-located Conferences.43rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures,Structural Dynamics,and Materials Conference.Denver:AIAA,2002:1452.
[20] LENDLEIN A,KELCH S.Shape-memory polymers[J].Angewandte Chemie International Edition,2002,41(12):2034-2057.
[21] ZHOU S,ZHENG X,YU X,et al.Hydrogen bonding interaction of poly(D,L-lactide)/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites[J].Chemistry of Materials,2007,19(2):247-253.
[22] DONG J,WEISS R A.Shape memory behavior of zinc oleate-filled elastomeric ionomers[J].Macromolecules,2011,44(22):8871-8879.
[23] GU X,MATHER P T.Entanglement-based shape memory polyurethanes:Synthesis and characterization[J].Polymer,2012,53(25):5924-5934.
[24] CHEN S,HU J,ZHUO H,et al.Study on the thermalinduced shape memory effect of pyridine containing supramolecular polyurethane[J].Polymer,2010,51(1):240-248.
[25] SMALL W,METZGER M F,WILSON T S,et al.Laseractivated shape memory polymer microactuator for thrombus removal following ischemic stroke:Preliminary in vitro analysis[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics,2005,11(4):892-901.
[26] LENDLEIN A,JIANG H,JUNGER O,et al.Light-induced shape-memory polymers[J].Nature,2005,434(7035):879-882.
[27] LENG J,HUANG W M,LAN X,et al.Significantly reducing electrical resistivity by forming conductive Ni chains in a polyurethane shape-memory polymer/carbon-black composite[J].Applied Physics Letters,2008,92(20):204101.
[28] LENG J,LV H,LIU Y,et al.Electroactivate shape-memory polymer filled with nanocarbon particles and short carbon fibers[J].Applied Physics Letters,2007,91(14):144105.
[29] SUN L,HUANG W M.Thermo/moisture responsive shapememory polymer for possible surgery/operation inside living cells in future[J].Materials&Design,2010,31(5):2684-2689.
[30] LV H,LENG J,LIU Y,et al.Shape-memory polymer in response to solution[J].Advanced Engineering Materials,2008,10(6):592-595.
[31] MOHR R,KRATZ K,WEIGEL T,et al.Initiation of shape-memory effect by inductive heating of magnetic nanoparticles in thermoplastic polymers[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2006,103(10):3540-3545.
[32]谢芳.热固性形状记忆氰酸酯树脂的制备及表征技术研究[D].威海:哈尔滨工业大学,2011.XIE Fang.Preparation and characterization technique of the thermoset shape memory cyanate ester[D].Weihai:Harbin Institute of Technology,2011(in Chinese).
[33] LUO X,MATHER P T.Triple-shape polymeric composites(TSPCs)[J].Advanced Functional Materials,2010,20(16):2649-2656.
[34] XIE T.Tunable polymer multi-shape memory effect[J].Nature,2010,464(7286):267-270.
[35] BEHL M,KRATZ K,ZOTZMANN J,et al.Reversible bidirectional shape-memory polymers[J].Advanced Materials,2013,25(32):4466-4469.
[36]李素丽,刘伟,赵峰.4D打印-未来技术的先锋[J].中国铸造装备与技术,2015(6):4-6.LI Suli,LIU Wei,ZHAO Feng.4Dprinting-the future technology pioneer[J].China Foundry Machinery&Technology,2015,6:4-6(in Chinese).
[37]魏洪秋,万雪,刘彦菊,等.4D打印形状记忆聚合物材料的研究现状与应用前景[J].中国科学:技术科学,2018,48:2-16.WEI Hongqiu,WAN Xue,LIU Yanju,et al.4Dprinting of shape memory polymers:Research status and application prospects[J].Scientia Sinica Technologica,2018,48:2-16(in Chinese).
[38] SEKITANI T,ZSCHIESCHANG U,KLAUK H,et al.Flexible organic transistors and circuits with extreme bending stability[J].Nature Materials,2010,9(12):1015-1022.
[39] WARE T,SIMON D,HEARON K,et al.Three-dimensional flexible electronics enabled by shape memory polymer substrates for responsive neural interfaces[J].Macromolecular Materials&Engineering,2012,297(12):1193-1202.
[40] AVENDANO-BOLIVAR A,WARE T,ARREAGA-SALAS D,et al.Mechanical cycling stability of organic thin film transistors on shape memory polymers[J].Advanced Materials,2013,25(22):3095-3099.
[41] REEDER J,KALTENBRUNNER M, WARE T,et al.Mechanically adaptive organic transistors for implantable electronics[J].Advanced Materials,2014,26(29):4967-4973.
[42] GAJ M P,WEI A,FUENTES-HERNANDEZ C,et al.Organic light-emitting diodes on shape memory polymer substrates for wearable electronics[J]. Organic Electronics,2015,25:151-155.
[43] YU Z,ZHANG Q,LI L,et al.Highly flexible silver nanowire electrodes for shape-memory polymer light-emitting diodes[J].Advanced Materials,2011,23(5):664-668.
[44] XU H,YU C,WANG S,et al.Deformable,programmable,and shape-memorizing micro-optics[J].Advanced Functional Materials,2013,23(26):3299-3306.
[45]李鹏.形状记忆聚合物薄膜的制备及其性能研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2015.LI Peng.Preparation and characterization of shape memory polymer films[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2015(in Chinese).
[46] LI P,HAN Y,WANG W,et al.Novel programmable shape memory polystyrene film:A thermally induced beam-power splitter[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7:44333.
[47] YANG Y,CHEN Y,WEI Y,et al.3Dprinting of shape memory polymer for functional part fabrication[J].The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2016,84(9-12):2079-2095.
[48] GE Q,SAKHAEI A H,LEE H,et al.Multimaterial 4D printing with tailorable shape memory polymers[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:31110.
[49] ZAREK M,MANSOUR N,SHAPIRA S,et al.4Dprinting of shape memory-based personalized endoluminal medical devices[J].Macromolecular Rapid Communications,2017,38(2):1600628.
[50] MIAO S,ZHU W,CASTRO,N J,et al.4Dprinting smart biomedical scaffolds with novel soybean oil epoxidized acrylate[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:27226.
[51] WEI H,ZHANG Q,YAO Y,et al.Direct-write fabrication of 4Dactive shape-changing structures based on a shape memory polymer and its nanocomposite[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2017,9(1):876-883.
[52] ZAREK M,LAYANI M,COOPERSTEIN I,et al.3D printing of shape memory polymers for flexible electronic devices[J].Advanced Materials,2016,28(22):4449-4454.
[2]许巍,卢天健.柔性电子系统及其力学性能[J].力学进展,2008,38(2):137-150.XU Wei,LU Tianjian.Flexible electronics system and their mechanical properties[J].Advances in Mechanics,2008,38(2):137-150(in Chinese).
[3]谢毅柱.基于柔性电子学的复眼照相机的制备[D].兰州:兰州大学,2012.XIE Yizhu.An artificial compound eye camera based on compressible silicon optoelectronics[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2012(in Chinese).
[4]郑曙光,朱光明,张磊.磁致形状记忆聚合物的研究进展[J].中国塑料,2012,26(1):12-17.ZHENG Shuguang, ZHU Guangming, ZHANG Lei.Research progress in magnetic responsive shape memory polymers[J].China Plastics,2012,26(1):12-17(in Chinese).
[5] ZHAO Q,QI H J,XIE T.Recent progress in shape memory polymer:New behavior,enabling materials,and mechanistic understanding[J].Progress in Polymer Science,2015,49:79-120.
[6] HU J,ZHU Y,HUANG H,et al.Recent advances in shape-memory polymers:Structure,mechanism,functionality,modeling and applications[J].Progress in Polymer Science,2012,37(12):1720-1763.
[7] LIU C,QIN H,MATHER P T.Review of progress in shape-memory polymers[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2007,17(16):1543-1558.
[8] XIE T.Recent advances in polymer shape memory[J].Polymer,2011,52(22):4985-5000.
[9] BEHL M,RAZZAQ M Y,LENDLEIN A.Multifunctional shape-memory polymers[J].Advanced Materials,2010,22(31):3388-3410.
[10] SUN L,HUANG W M,DING Z,et al.Stimulus-responsive shape memory materials:A review[J].Materials&Design,2012,33:577-640.
[11] CHARLESBY A.Atomic radiation and polymers[M].New York:Pergamon Press,1960:235.
[12] TOBUSHI H,HAYASHI S,HOSHIO K,et al.Influence of strain-holding conditions on shape recovery and secondaryshape forming in polyurethane-shape memory polymer[J].Smart Materials&Structures,2006,15(4):1033.
[13] LAN X,HUANG W M,LIU N,et al.Improving the electrical conductivity by forming Ni powder chains in a shapememory polymer filled with carbon black[C]//Proceeding of SPIE-the International Society for Optical Engineering.Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices(EAPAD).San Diego:Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineer,2008:692717.
[14] LENG J,LU H,LIU Y,et al.Conductive nanoparticles in electro activated shape memory polymer sensor and actuator[C]//Proceeding of SPIE-the International Society for Optical Engineering.Nanosensors and Microsensors for Bio-systems.San Diego:SPIE,2008:693109.
[15] LENDLEIN A,LANGER R.Biodegradable,elastic shapememory polymers for potential biomedical applications[J].Science,2002,296(5573):1673-1676.
[16] METCALFE A,DESFAITS A C,SALAZKIN I,et al.Cold hibernated elastic memory foams for endovascular interventions[J].Biomaterials,2003,24(3):491-497.
[17] GALL K,DUNN M L,LIU Y,et al.Shape memory polymer nanocomposites[J].Acta Materialia,2002,50(20):5115-5126.
[18] MENG Q,HU J,ZHU Y,et al.Morphology,phase separation,thermal and mechanical property differences of shape memory fibers prepared by different spinning methods[J].Smart Materials&Structures,2007,16(4):1192.
[19] BEAVERS F,MUNSHI N,LAKE M,et al.Design and testing of an elastic memory composite deployment hinge for spacecraft[C]//Structures,Structural Dynamics,and Materials and Co-located Conferences.43rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures,Structural Dynamics,and Materials Conference.Denver:AIAA,2002:1452.
[20] LENDLEIN A,KELCH S.Shape-memory polymers[J].Angewandte Chemie International Edition,2002,41(12):2034-2057.
[21] ZHOU S,ZHENG X,YU X,et al.Hydrogen bonding interaction of poly(D,L-lactide)/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites[J].Chemistry of Materials,2007,19(2):247-253.
[22] DONG J,WEISS R A.Shape memory behavior of zinc oleate-filled elastomeric ionomers[J].Macromolecules,2011,44(22):8871-8879.
[23] GU X,MATHER P T.Entanglement-based shape memory polyurethanes:Synthesis and characterization[J].Polymer,2012,53(25):5924-5934.
[24] CHEN S,HU J,ZHUO H,et al.Study on the thermalinduced shape memory effect of pyridine containing supramolecular polyurethane[J].Polymer,2010,51(1):240-248.
[25] SMALL W,METZGER M F,WILSON T S,et al.Laseractivated shape memory polymer microactuator for thrombus removal following ischemic stroke:Preliminary in vitro analysis[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics,2005,11(4):892-901.
[26] LENDLEIN A,JIANG H,JUNGER O,et al.Light-induced shape-memory polymers[J].Nature,2005,434(7035):879-882.
[27] LENG J,HUANG W M,LAN X,et al.Significantly reducing electrical resistivity by forming conductive Ni chains in a polyurethane shape-memory polymer/carbon-black composite[J].Applied Physics Letters,2008,92(20):204101.
[28] LENG J,LV H,LIU Y,et al.Electroactivate shape-memory polymer filled with nanocarbon particles and short carbon fibers[J].Applied Physics Letters,2007,91(14):144105.
[29] SUN L,HUANG W M.Thermo/moisture responsive shapememory polymer for possible surgery/operation inside living cells in future[J].Materials&Design,2010,31(5):2684-2689.
[30] LV H,LENG J,LIU Y,et al.Shape-memory polymer in response to solution[J].Advanced Engineering Materials,2008,10(6):592-595.
[31] MOHR R,KRATZ K,WEIGEL T,et al.Initiation of shape-memory effect by inductive heating of magnetic nanoparticles in thermoplastic polymers[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2006,103(10):3540-3545.
[32]谢芳.热固性形状记忆氰酸酯树脂的制备及表征技术研究[D].威海:哈尔滨工业大学,2011.XIE Fang.Preparation and characterization technique of the thermoset shape memory cyanate ester[D].Weihai:Harbin Institute of Technology,2011(in Chinese).
[33] LUO X,MATHER P T.Triple-shape polymeric composites(TSPCs)[J].Advanced Functional Materials,2010,20(16):2649-2656.
[34] XIE T.Tunable polymer multi-shape memory effect[J].Nature,2010,464(7286):267-270.
[35] BEHL M,KRATZ K,ZOTZMANN J,et al.Reversible bidirectional shape-memory polymers[J].Advanced Materials,2013,25(32):4466-4469.
[36]李素丽,刘伟,赵峰.4D打印-未来技术的先锋[J].中国铸造装备与技术,2015(6):4-6.LI Suli,LIU Wei,ZHAO Feng.4Dprinting-the future technology pioneer[J].China Foundry Machinery&Technology,2015,6:4-6(in Chinese).
[37]魏洪秋,万雪,刘彦菊,等.4D打印形状记忆聚合物材料的研究现状与应用前景[J].中国科学:技术科学,2018,48:2-16.WEI Hongqiu,WAN Xue,LIU Yanju,et al.4Dprinting of shape memory polymers:Research status and application prospects[J].Scientia Sinica Technologica,2018,48:2-16(in Chinese).
[38] SEKITANI T,ZSCHIESCHANG U,KLAUK H,et al.Flexible organic transistors and circuits with extreme bending stability[J].Nature Materials,2010,9(12):1015-1022.
[39] WARE T,SIMON D,HEARON K,et al.Three-dimensional flexible electronics enabled by shape memory polymer substrates for responsive neural interfaces[J].Macromolecular Materials&Engineering,2012,297(12):1193-1202.
[40] AVENDANO-BOLIVAR A,WARE T,ARREAGA-SALAS D,et al.Mechanical cycling stability of organic thin film transistors on shape memory polymers[J].Advanced Materials,2013,25(22):3095-3099.
[41] REEDER J,KALTENBRUNNER M, WARE T,et al.Mechanically adaptive organic transistors for implantable electronics[J].Advanced Materials,2014,26(29):4967-4973.
[42] GAJ M P,WEI A,FUENTES-HERNANDEZ C,et al.Organic light-emitting diodes on shape memory polymer substrates for wearable electronics[J]. Organic Electronics,2015,25:151-155.
[43] YU Z,ZHANG Q,LI L,et al.Highly flexible silver nanowire electrodes for shape-memory polymer light-emitting diodes[J].Advanced Materials,2011,23(5):664-668.
[44] XU H,YU C,WANG S,et al.Deformable,programmable,and shape-memorizing micro-optics[J].Advanced Functional Materials,2013,23(26):3299-3306.
[45]李鹏.形状记忆聚合物薄膜的制备及其性能研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2015.LI Peng.Preparation and characterization of shape memory polymer films[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2015(in Chinese).
[46] LI P,HAN Y,WANG W,et al.Novel programmable shape memory polystyrene film:A thermally induced beam-power splitter[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7:44333.
[47] YANG Y,CHEN Y,WEI Y,et al.3Dprinting of shape memory polymer for functional part fabrication[J].The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2016,84(9-12):2079-2095.
[48] GE Q,SAKHAEI A H,LEE H,et al.Multimaterial 4D printing with tailorable shape memory polymers[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:31110.
[49] ZAREK M,MANSOUR N,SHAPIRA S,et al.4Dprinting of shape memory-based personalized endoluminal medical devices[J].Macromolecular Rapid Communications,2017,38(2):1600628.
[50] MIAO S,ZHU W,CASTRO,N J,et al.4Dprinting smart biomedical scaffolds with novel soybean oil epoxidized acrylate[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:27226.
[51] WEI H,ZHANG Q,YAO Y,et al.Direct-write fabrication of 4Dactive shape-changing structures based on a shape memory polymer and its nanocomposite[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2017,9(1):876-883.
[52] ZAREK M,LAYANI M,COOPERSTEIN I,et al.3D printing of shape memory polymers for flexible electronic devices[J].Advanced Materials,2016,28(22):4449-4454.