有机薄膜光伏电池印刷制备与原位形貌检测
|
摘要
有机共混薄膜的干燥过程直接影响最终的内部形貌,通过原位散射的技术,可以实时监测薄膜生长过程中的形貌细节,从而进行形貌的研究和调控.通过合理设计和运行原位检测系统,探究了高效率PTB7-th:PC71BM共混薄膜干燥过程中聚合物分子的结晶行为,以及添加剂1,8-diiodooctane (DIO)的加入对形貌调控产生作用.同时,通过集成在系统中的印刷设备制备的印刷器件获得了接近9%的转换效率,具有较大的科学和商业价值.
The drying process of organic films directly affects final morphology of blends and through in situ scattering technique, the details of morphology inside thin films can be monitored. By designing and running in situ detection system, the crystallization behaviour of polymer molecules in PTB7-th:PC71 BM blend, which shows a high efficiency, and the effect of additive(DIO) on the morphology evolution during the process of drying can be investigated. It was observed that the packing style of polymer molecules inside the blend was similar to that of spin-coated samples, indicating that the change of coating mode would not affect the orientation of crystallization.From 2 D GIXD profile, it was found that at the beginning of film-forming process, aggregates were formed in the solution, ordered but highly swollen by solvent. With the evaporation of the solvent, the degree of order increased and the solvent was expelled, causing a tighter arrangement of chains and a smaller spacing. With the removal of solvent, the effective size and ordered length scale of the aggregates decreased. The interaction between PTB7-th and DIO was different from that with solvent. As a poor solvent, DIO can slow down the drying process of thin films. Thus the addition of DIO led to the increase of crystal coherence length of PTB7-th. The crystallization of polymer molecule was completed at the beginning of film forming process, which was prolonged by the addition of DIO, but the final crystallinity of the blend was not affected. At the same time, through the printing equipment integrated in the system, the power conversion efficiency(PCE) of our printed devices reached nearly 9%, very close to the efficiency of spin-coated devices. This work strengthened the understanding of morphology inside organic photovoltaic thin films, promoted the progress of industrial production technology of organic photovoltaic devices and had great scientific and commercial value.
The drying process of organic films directly affects final morphology of blends and through in situ scattering technique, the details of morphology inside thin films can be monitored. By designing and running in situ detection system, the crystallization behaviour of polymer molecules in PTB7-th:PC71 BM blend, which shows a high efficiency, and the effect of additive(DIO) on the morphology evolution during the process of drying can be investigated. It was observed that the packing style of polymer molecules inside the blend was similar to that of spin-coated samples, indicating that the change of coating mode would not affect the orientation of crystallization.From 2 D GIXD profile, it was found that at the beginning of film-forming process, aggregates were formed in the solution, ordered but highly swollen by solvent. With the evaporation of the solvent, the degree of order increased and the solvent was expelled, causing a tighter arrangement of chains and a smaller spacing. With the removal of solvent, the effective size and ordered length scale of the aggregates decreased. The interaction between PTB7-th and DIO was different from that with solvent. As a poor solvent, DIO can slow down the drying process of thin films. Thus the addition of DIO led to the increase of crystal coherence length of PTB7-th. The crystallization of polymer molecule was completed at the beginning of film forming process, which was prolonged by the addition of DIO, but the final crystallinity of the blend was not affected. At the same time, through the printing equipment integrated in the system, the power conversion efficiency(PCE) of our printed devices reached nearly 9%, very close to the efficiency of spin-coated devices. This work strengthened the understanding of morphology inside organic photovoltaic thin films, promoted the progress of industrial production technology of organic photovoltaic devices and had great scientific and commercial value.
引文
1Yu G,Gao J,Hummelen J C,Wudl F,Heeger A J.Science,1995,270:1789-1791
2Halls J J M,Walsh C A,Greenham N C,Marseglia E A,Friend R H,Moratti S C,Holmes A B.Nature,1995,376:498-500
3Chen D,Nakahara A,Wei D G,Norlund D,Russell T P.Nano Lett,2011,11:561-567
4He Z C,Zhong C M,Su S J,Xu M,Wu H B,Cao Y.Nat Photon,2012,6:593-597
5He Z C,Xiao B,Liu F,Wu H B,Yang Y L,Xiao S,Wang C,Russell T P,Cao Y.Nat Photon,2015,9:174-179
6Gao K,Li L S,Lai T Q,Xiao L G,Huang Y,Huang F,Peng J B,Cao Y,Liu F,Russell T P,Janssen R A J,Peng X B.J Am Chem Soc,2015,137:7282-7285
7Zhao W C,Qian D P,Zhang S Q,Li S S,Inganas O,Gao F,Hou J H.Adv Mater,2016,28:4734-4739
8Gao L,Zhang Z G,Xue L W,Min J,Zhang J Q,Wei Z X,Li Y F.Adv Mater,2015,28:1884-1890
9Zhou Z C,Xu S J,Song J N,Jin Y Z,Yue Q H,Qian Y H,Liu F,Zhang F L,Zhu X Z.Nat Energy,2018,3:952-959
10Xiao Z,Jia X,Li D,Wang S Z,Geng X J,Liu F,Chen J W,Yang S F,Russell T P,Ding L M.Sci Bull,2017,62:1494-1496
11Fan Q P,Su W Y,Wang Y,Guo B,Jiang Y F,Guo X,Liu F,Russell T P,Zhang M J,Li Y F.Sci China Chem,2018,61:531-537
12Nian L,Kan Y Y,Wang H T,Gao K,Xu B,Rong Q K,Wang R,Wang J,Liu F,Chen J W,Zhou G F,Russell T P,Alex K Y J.Energy Environ Sci,2018,11:3392-3399
13Liu F,Gu Y,Jung J W,Jo W H,Russell T P.J Polym Sci,Part B:Polym Phys,2012,50:1018-1044
14Xie Y P,Yang F,Li Y X,Uddin M A,Bi P Q,Fan B B,Cai Y H,Hao X T,Woo H Y,Li W W,Liu F,Sun Y M.AdvMater,2018,30:1803045
15Liu X,Zhang C H,Duan C H,Li M M,Hu Z C,Wang J,Liu F,Li N,Brabec C J,Janssen R A J,Bazan G C,Huang F,Cao Y.J Am Chem Soc,2018,140:8934-8943
16Liu Q,Toudert J,Liu F,Perez P M,Bajo M M,Russell T P,Martorell J.Adv Energy Mater,2017,7:1701201
17Lin Y B,Jin Y Z,Dong S,Zheng W H,Yang J Y,Liu A,Liu F,Jiang Y F,Russell T P,Zhang F L,Huang F,Hou L T.Adv Energy Mater,2018,8:1701942
18Ye L,Xiong Y,Zhang Q Q,Li S S,Wang C,Jiang Z,Hou J H,You W,Ade H.Adv Mater,2018,30:1705485
19Zhao W C,Zhang S Q,Zhang Y,Li S S,Liu X Y,He C,Zheng Z,Hou J H.Adv Mater,2017,30:1704837
20Ro H W,Downing J M,Engmann S,Herzing A A,DeLongchamp D M,Richter L J,Mukherjee S,Ade H,Abdelsamie M,Jagadamma L K,Amassian A,Liu Y H,Yan H.Energy Environ Sci,2016,9:2835-2846
21Liu F,Ferdous S,Schaible E,Hexemer A,Church M,Ding X D,Wang C,Russell T P.Adv Mater,2015,27:886-891
22Liu F,Zhao W,Tumbleston J R,Wang C,Gu Y,Wang D,Briseno A L,Ade H,Russell T P.Adv Energy Mater,2014,4:130137
23 Lee J K,Ma W L,Christoph B J,Yuen J,Moon J S,Kim J Y,Lee K,Bazan G C,Heeger A J.J Am Chem Soc,2008,130:3619-3623
24 Cai W,Liu P,Jin Y,Xue Q,Liu F,Russell T P,Huang F,Yip H L,Cao Y.Adv Sci,2015,2:1500095
25 Wan Q,Guo X,Wang Z Y,Li W B,Guo B,Ma W,Zhang M J,Li Y F.Adv Funct Mater,2016,26:6635-6640
26 Love J A,Chou S H,Huang Y,Bazan G C,Nguyen T Q.Beilstein J Org Chem,2016,12:2543-2555
27 Liu F,Gu Y,Shen X B,Ferdous S,Wang H W,Russell T P.Prog Polym Sci,2013,38:1990-2052
2Halls J J M,Walsh C A,Greenham N C,Marseglia E A,Friend R H,Moratti S C,Holmes A B.Nature,1995,376:498-500
3Chen D,Nakahara A,Wei D G,Norlund D,Russell T P.Nano Lett,2011,11:561-567
4He Z C,Zhong C M,Su S J,Xu M,Wu H B,Cao Y.Nat Photon,2012,6:593-597
5He Z C,Xiao B,Liu F,Wu H B,Yang Y L,Xiao S,Wang C,Russell T P,Cao Y.Nat Photon,2015,9:174-179
6Gao K,Li L S,Lai T Q,Xiao L G,Huang Y,Huang F,Peng J B,Cao Y,Liu F,Russell T P,Janssen R A J,Peng X B.J Am Chem Soc,2015,137:7282-7285
7Zhao W C,Qian D P,Zhang S Q,Li S S,Inganas O,Gao F,Hou J H.Adv Mater,2016,28:4734-4739
8Gao L,Zhang Z G,Xue L W,Min J,Zhang J Q,Wei Z X,Li Y F.Adv Mater,2015,28:1884-1890
9Zhou Z C,Xu S J,Song J N,Jin Y Z,Yue Q H,Qian Y H,Liu F,Zhang F L,Zhu X Z.Nat Energy,2018,3:952-959
10Xiao Z,Jia X,Li D,Wang S Z,Geng X J,Liu F,Chen J W,Yang S F,Russell T P,Ding L M.Sci Bull,2017,62:1494-1496
11Fan Q P,Su W Y,Wang Y,Guo B,Jiang Y F,Guo X,Liu F,Russell T P,Zhang M J,Li Y F.Sci China Chem,2018,61:531-537
12Nian L,Kan Y Y,Wang H T,Gao K,Xu B,Rong Q K,Wang R,Wang J,Liu F,Chen J W,Zhou G F,Russell T P,Alex K Y J.Energy Environ Sci,2018,11:3392-3399
13Liu F,Gu Y,Jung J W,Jo W H,Russell T P.J Polym Sci,Part B:Polym Phys,2012,50:1018-1044
14Xie Y P,Yang F,Li Y X,Uddin M A,Bi P Q,Fan B B,Cai Y H,Hao X T,Woo H Y,Li W W,Liu F,Sun Y M.AdvMater,2018,30:1803045
15Liu X,Zhang C H,Duan C H,Li M M,Hu Z C,Wang J,Liu F,Li N,Brabec C J,Janssen R A J,Bazan G C,Huang F,Cao Y.J Am Chem Soc,2018,140:8934-8943
16Liu Q,Toudert J,Liu F,Perez P M,Bajo M M,Russell T P,Martorell J.Adv Energy Mater,2017,7:1701201
17Lin Y B,Jin Y Z,Dong S,Zheng W H,Yang J Y,Liu A,Liu F,Jiang Y F,Russell T P,Zhang F L,Huang F,Hou L T.Adv Energy Mater,2018,8:1701942
18Ye L,Xiong Y,Zhang Q Q,Li S S,Wang C,Jiang Z,Hou J H,You W,Ade H.Adv Mater,2018,30:1705485
19Zhao W C,Zhang S Q,Zhang Y,Li S S,Liu X Y,He C,Zheng Z,Hou J H.Adv Mater,2017,30:1704837
20Ro H W,Downing J M,Engmann S,Herzing A A,DeLongchamp D M,Richter L J,Mukherjee S,Ade H,Abdelsamie M,Jagadamma L K,Amassian A,Liu Y H,Yan H.Energy Environ Sci,2016,9:2835-2846
21Liu F,Ferdous S,Schaible E,Hexemer A,Church M,Ding X D,Wang C,Russell T P.Adv Mater,2015,27:886-891
22Liu F,Zhao W,Tumbleston J R,Wang C,Gu Y,Wang D,Briseno A L,Ade H,Russell T P.Adv Energy Mater,2014,4:130137
23 Lee J K,Ma W L,Christoph B J,Yuen J,Moon J S,Kim J Y,Lee K,Bazan G C,Heeger A J.J Am Chem Soc,2008,130:3619-3623
24 Cai W,Liu P,Jin Y,Xue Q,Liu F,Russell T P,Huang F,Yip H L,Cao Y.Adv Sci,2015,2:1500095
25 Wan Q,Guo X,Wang Z Y,Li W B,Guo B,Ma W,Zhang M J,Li Y F.Adv Funct Mater,2016,26:6635-6640
26 Love J A,Chou S H,Huang Y,Bazan G C,Nguyen T Q.Beilstein J Org Chem,2016,12:2543-2555
27 Liu F,Gu Y,Shen X B,Ferdous S,Wang H W,Russell T P.Prog Polym Sci,2013,38:1990-2052