激光重熔改性WC/Fe等离子喷涂涂层组织及其耐磨性能
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摘要
目的改善等离子喷涂WC/Fe复合陶瓷涂层的组织,增强其耐磨性能,并研究激光重熔涂层在不同温度下的耐磨性能。方法采用激光重熔技术处理等离子喷涂WC/Fe复合陶瓷涂层,利用附带能谱仪(EDS)的扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、显微硬度计测试和表征了等离子喷涂涂层在激光重熔前后的组织特征、物相组成及显微硬度,利用摩擦磨损试验机对激光重熔涂层在25、200、400℃下的耐磨性能进行了对比考察。结果等离子喷涂WC/Fe复合陶瓷涂层呈层状结构,经过激光重熔处理后,其片层状结构和孔隙等缺陷基本消失,且激光熔覆区的顶部组织为等轴晶和细小枝晶,熔覆区的底部组织为胞状晶,涂层与基体结合带区的组织为粗大的树枝晶,涂层与基体形成了冶金结合。激光重熔涂层中的WC、W_2C、M_(23)C_6及Ni_6BSi_2等高硬度化合物的弥散强化作用,使得激光重熔涂层的显微硬度约为原等离子喷涂涂层的2倍。激光重熔涂层在25℃下的磨损亚表层最完好,在400℃时出现了微裂纹。结论重熔能消除等离子喷涂涂层的各种缺陷,得到组织致密的涂层。重熔涂层在不同温度下表现出不同的磨损机理,在25℃下表现出最好的耐磨性能。
The work aims to improve microstructure of plasma sprayed WC/Fe composite ceramic coating and improve corresponding wear resistance, and study wear resistance of laser remelted coating at different temperature. The plasma sprayed WC/Fe composite ceramic coating was treated by adopting laser remelting technique. Microstructure characteristic, phase composition and microhardness of the plasma sprayed coating before and after laser remelting was tested and characterized with scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray diffractometer(XRD) and microhardness tester, respectively. Wear resistance of the laser remelted coating was compared and investigated at 25 ℃, 200 ℃and 400 ℃with a friction and wear tester. Plasma sprayed WC/Fe composite ceramic coating exhibited layered structure. After laser remelting, defects such as lamellar structure and pores nearly disappeared, top structures in laser cladding zone were isometric crystals and fine dendrites. Bottom structures in the zone were afterbirth-like crystals, and structures in coating-substrate binding zone were coarse dendrites, and the coating had metallurgical bonding with the substrate. Dispersion strengthening effect of high hardness compounds such as WC, W_2C, M_(23)C_6 and Ni_6BSi_2 in the laser remelted coating made microhardness of the laser remelted coating increase by nearly 1 time than that of the original plasma sprayed coating. Worn sub-surface of the laser remelted coating was the most intact at 25 ℃, and micro-cracks appeared at 400 ℃. Remelting can eliminate various defects of plasma sprayed coating to form dense coating. The remelted coating exhibits different wear mechanisms at different temperature and the best wear resistance at 25 ℃.
The work aims to improve microstructure of plasma sprayed WC/Fe composite ceramic coating and improve corresponding wear resistance, and study wear resistance of laser remelted coating at different temperature. The plasma sprayed WC/Fe composite ceramic coating was treated by adopting laser remelting technique. Microstructure characteristic, phase composition and microhardness of the plasma sprayed coating before and after laser remelting was tested and characterized with scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray diffractometer(XRD) and microhardness tester, respectively. Wear resistance of the laser remelted coating was compared and investigated at 25 ℃, 200 ℃and 400 ℃with a friction and wear tester. Plasma sprayed WC/Fe composite ceramic coating exhibited layered structure. After laser remelting, defects such as lamellar structure and pores nearly disappeared, top structures in laser cladding zone were isometric crystals and fine dendrites. Bottom structures in the zone were afterbirth-like crystals, and structures in coating-substrate binding zone were coarse dendrites, and the coating had metallurgical bonding with the substrate. Dispersion strengthening effect of high hardness compounds such as WC, W_2C, M_(23)C_6 and Ni_6BSi_2 in the laser remelted coating made microhardness of the laser remelted coating increase by nearly 1 time than that of the original plasma sprayed coating. Worn sub-surface of the laser remelted coating was the most intact at 25 ℃, and micro-cracks appeared at 400 ℃. Remelting can eliminate various defects of plasma sprayed coating to form dense coating. The remelted coating exhibits different wear mechanisms at different temperature and the best wear resistance at 25 ℃.
引文
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[15]汪新衡,蒋冬青,张蓉,等.激光熔覆纳米Si C增强Ni基合金涂层的组织与高温抗氧化性能[J].表面技术,2014,43(1):30-34.WANG Xin-heng,JIANG Dong-qing,ZHANG Rong,et al.Reinforced Microstructure and High Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Ni-based Alloy Coating by Laser Cladding of Si C Nanometer Powder[J].Surface Technology,2014,43(1):30-34.
[16]赵凯华,孙荣禄,牛伟,等.激光熔覆Ni Cr BSi涂层组织及摩擦磨损性能[J].光学技术,2009,35(2):232-234.ZHAO Kai-hua,SUN Rong-lu,NIU Wei,et al.Microstructure and Friction and Wear Properties of Ni Cr BSi Laser Cladding[J].Optical Technique,2009,35(2):232-234.
[17]GAO Y,LIANG Y,SHI C X.Microstructure of Laser Remelted Ni-base Alloy Coating on Stainless Steel[J].Journal of Materials Science&Technology,1998,14(1):49-52.
[18]王敏,王海东.等离子喷涂Ni基WC涂层的组织与性能研究[J].热加工工艺,2010,39(12):134-136.WANG Min,WANG Hai-dong.Study on Microstructure and Properties of Ni-based WC Coating Prepared by Plasma Spraying[J].Hot Working Technology,2010,39(12):134-136.
[19]周思华,晁明举,刘奎立,等.原位生成WC-B4C增强镍基激光熔覆层及其性能研究[J].表面技术,2014,43(3):25-30.ZHOU Si-hua,CHAO Ming-ju,LIU Kui-li,et al.Research on In-situ Synthesis of WC-B4C Reinforced Nibased Coatings by Laser Cladding[J].Surface Technology,2014,43(3):25-30.
[20]HOUDKOVá?árka,SMAZALOVáE,VOST?áK M,et al.Properties of Ni Cr BSi Coating,as Sprayed and Remelted by Different Technologies[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2014,253(9):14-26.
[21]陈传忠,雷廷权,包全合,等.等离子喷涂-激光重熔陶瓷涂层存在问题及改进措施[J].材料科学与工艺,2002,10(4):431-435.CHEN Chuan-zhong,LEI Ting-quan,BAO Quan-he,et al.Problems and the Improving Measures in Laser Remelting of Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Coatings[J].Materials Science&Technology,2002,10(4):431-435.
[22]陈志刚,孔德军,王玲.激光重熔对Ni-WC涂层组织与开裂的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2008(6):149-153.CHEN Zhi-gang,KONG De-jun,WANG Ling.Efect of Laser Re-melting on Structure and Cracking of Ni-WC Coating[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2008(6):149-153.
[2]姚舜晖,苏演良,高文显,等.纳米碳化钨增强镍基合金热喷涂涂层的摩擦磨损性能研究[J].摩擦学学报,2008,28(1):33-38.YAO Shun-hui,SU Yan-liang,GAO Wen-xian,et al.Tribological Performance of Nano-structured WC Reinforced Ni-based Alloy HVOF Coating[J].Trbology,2008,28(1):33-38.
[3]颜永根,斯松华,张晖,等.激光熔覆Co+Ni/WC复合涂层的组织和磨损性能[J].焊接学报,2007,28(7):21-24.YAN Yong-gen,SI Song-hua,ZHANG Hui,et al.Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Laser Cladding Co+Ni/WC Alloy Omposite Coating[J].Transaction of the China Welding Institution,2007,28(7):21-24.
[4]欧献,邓畅光,王日初,等.超音速等离子喷涂工艺参数对Cr2O3涂层硬度的影响[J].表面技术,2014,43(1):81-85.OU Xian,DENG Chang-guang,WANG Ri-chu,et al.Influences of the Supersonic Plasma Spraying Process on the Hardness Properties of Cr2O3 Coating[J].Surface Technology,2014,43(1):81-85.
[5]彭思源.WC颗粒增强铁基复合堆焊层性能研究[D].合肥:安徽建筑大学,2015.PENG Si-yuan.Research on Property of WC Particle Reinforced Iron-based Composite Surfacing Layer[D].Hefei:Anhui Jianzhu University,2015.
[6]LI S,LI Q.Microstructure and Tribological Performances of 25Ni Cr-Cr3C2,Coatings Prepared by Laser-Hybrid Plasma Spraying Technology[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2011(s4):194-198.
[7]纪岗昌,李长久,王豫跃,等.喷涂工艺条件对超音速火焰喷涂Cr3C2-Ni Cr涂层冲蚀磨损性能的影响[J].摩擦学学报,2002,22(6):424-429.JI Gang-chang,LI Chang-jiu,WANG Yu-yue,et al.Effect of Spray Conditions on Erosion Performance of High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Sprayed Cr3C2-Ni Cr Coatings[J].Tribology,2002,22(6):424-429.
[8]ZHANG Z Y,LU X C,LUO J B.Tribological Properties of Rare Earth Oxide Added Cr3C2-Ni Cr Coating[J].Applied Surface Science,2007,253(9):4377-4385.
[9]曹玉霞,杜令忠,张伟刚,等.等离子喷涂Ni Co Cr Al Y/Al2O3涂层的制备及摩擦性能研究[J].表面技术,2015,44(5):62-66.CAO Yu-xia,DU Ling-zhong,ZHANG Wei-gang,et al.Study on Preparation and Tribological Properties of Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed Ni Co Cr Al Y/Al2O3 Wearresistant Coatings[J].Surface Technology,2015,44(5):62-66.
[10]GAO Y,LIANG Y,SHI C X.Microstructure of Laser Remelted Ni-base Alloy Coating on Stainless Steel[J].Journal of Materials Science&Technology,1998,14(1):49-52.
[11]MATEOS J,CUETOS J M,FERNáNDEZ E,et al.Tribological Behaviour of Plasma-sprayed WC Coatings with and without Laser Remelting[J].Wear,2000,239(2):274-281.
[12]贾卫平,姚井龙,吴蒙华,等.激光重熔参数对镍基纳米Ti N复合电沉积镀层性能的影响[J].表面技术,2016,45(3):78-83.JIA Wei-ping,YAO Jing-long,WU Meng-hua,et al.Effect of Laser Remelting Parameters on Properties of Nickel-based Nano Ti N Composite Deposition Coatings[J].Surface Technology,2016,45(3):78-83.
[13]花国然,罗新华,黄因慧,等.激光重熔改性等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层的组织及其耐腐蚀性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2004,14(6):934-938.HUA Guo-ran,LUO Xin-hua,HUANG Yin-hui,et al.Microstructure and Corrosion Characteristics of Plasma-sprayed Ceramic Coating by Laser Remelting of Nano-A12O3 Modifying[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2004,14(6):934-938.
[14]陈汉存,刘正义.等离子喷涂Zr O2层经激光再熔后的组织变化[J].金属学报,1993,29(8):72-76.CHEN Han-cun.LIU Zheng-yi.Structural Change of Plasma Sprayed Zr O2 Coating after Laser Remelting[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,1993,29(8):72-76.
[15]汪新衡,蒋冬青,张蓉,等.激光熔覆纳米Si C增强Ni基合金涂层的组织与高温抗氧化性能[J].表面技术,2014,43(1):30-34.WANG Xin-heng,JIANG Dong-qing,ZHANG Rong,et al.Reinforced Microstructure and High Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Ni-based Alloy Coating by Laser Cladding of Si C Nanometer Powder[J].Surface Technology,2014,43(1):30-34.
[16]赵凯华,孙荣禄,牛伟,等.激光熔覆Ni Cr BSi涂层组织及摩擦磨损性能[J].光学技术,2009,35(2):232-234.ZHAO Kai-hua,SUN Rong-lu,NIU Wei,et al.Microstructure and Friction and Wear Properties of Ni Cr BSi Laser Cladding[J].Optical Technique,2009,35(2):232-234.
[17]GAO Y,LIANG Y,SHI C X.Microstructure of Laser Remelted Ni-base Alloy Coating on Stainless Steel[J].Journal of Materials Science&Technology,1998,14(1):49-52.
[18]王敏,王海东.等离子喷涂Ni基WC涂层的组织与性能研究[J].热加工工艺,2010,39(12):134-136.WANG Min,WANG Hai-dong.Study on Microstructure and Properties of Ni-based WC Coating Prepared by Plasma Spraying[J].Hot Working Technology,2010,39(12):134-136.
[19]周思华,晁明举,刘奎立,等.原位生成WC-B4C增强镍基激光熔覆层及其性能研究[J].表面技术,2014,43(3):25-30.ZHOU Si-hua,CHAO Ming-ju,LIU Kui-li,et al.Research on In-situ Synthesis of WC-B4C Reinforced Nibased Coatings by Laser Cladding[J].Surface Technology,2014,43(3):25-30.
[20]HOUDKOVá?árka,SMAZALOVáE,VOST?áK M,et al.Properties of Ni Cr BSi Coating,as Sprayed and Remelted by Different Technologies[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2014,253(9):14-26.
[21]陈传忠,雷廷权,包全合,等.等离子喷涂-激光重熔陶瓷涂层存在问题及改进措施[J].材料科学与工艺,2002,10(4):431-435.CHEN Chuan-zhong,LEI Ting-quan,BAO Quan-he,et al.Problems and the Improving Measures in Laser Remelting of Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Coatings[J].Materials Science&Technology,2002,10(4):431-435.
[22]陈志刚,孔德军,王玲.激光重熔对Ni-WC涂层组织与开裂的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2008(6):149-153.CHEN Zhi-gang,KONG De-jun,WANG Ling.Efect of Laser Re-melting on Structure and Cracking of Ni-WC Coating[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2008(6):149-153.