中国ICT设备制造业的动态空间分异
|
摘要
基于地理加权回归模型和探索性空间分析方法研究我国信息、通信和技术(ICT)设备制造业的空间分布及各因素影响的时空异质性。结果表明:我国ICT设备制造业空间集聚现象十分明显,主要集中在东部沿海经济发达地区,且呈现出显著的空间正相关性。2003—2013年我国ICT设备制造业集聚程度先降后升,呈倒"U"型分布,其发展受到FDI、劳动力、资本的影响逐年降低而科研经费支出的影响逐年升高。FDI、资本、劳动力和科研技术支出对ICT设备制造业发展具有显著的时空异质性。FDI和科研经费支出的影响都呈现"东高西低"的空间非平稳,产业越发达的地区FDI和科研经费支出影响越大;但劳动力的影响则相反,产业越发达、技术越先进的地区劳动力对产业发展的影响越小。2003—2013年我国ICT设备制造业受到FDI、劳动力、资本的影响逐年降低而科研经费支出的影响逐年升高。
Based on GWR and ESDA,this paper found that the spatial distribution of ICT equipment manufacturing industry in China and the impact of various factors have obvious dynamic spatial differentiation. The spatial agglomeration of ICT is very obvious,mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal economically developed areas and showing a significant positive spatial correlation. From 2003 to 2013,the agglomeration degree of ICT decreased first and then increased,showing an inverted U-shaped distribution. FDI,capital,labor and research expenditure have significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity for the development of ICT. The impact of FDI and scientific research expenditure is"high in the east and low in the west". Therefore,the more developed the industry,the greater the impact of FDI and scientific research expenditure. On the contrary,the impact of labor force in the more developed the industry and the more advanced the technology,the smaller the impact of labor force on industrial development. From 2003 to 2013,the influence of FDI,labor force and capital on ICT is decreasing year by year,while the influence of research expenditure is increasing year by year.
Based on GWR and ESDA,this paper found that the spatial distribution of ICT equipment manufacturing industry in China and the impact of various factors have obvious dynamic spatial differentiation. The spatial agglomeration of ICT is very obvious,mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal economically developed areas and showing a significant positive spatial correlation. From 2003 to 2013,the agglomeration degree of ICT decreased first and then increased,showing an inverted U-shaped distribution. FDI,capital,labor and research expenditure have significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity for the development of ICT. The impact of FDI and scientific research expenditure is"high in the east and low in the west". Therefore,the more developed the industry,the greater the impact of FDI and scientific research expenditure. On the contrary,the impact of labor force in the more developed the industry and the more advanced the technology,the smaller the impact of labor force on industrial development. From 2003 to 2013,the influence of FDI,labor force and capital on ICT is decreasing year by year,while the influence of research expenditure is increasing year by year.
引文
[1] PORTER M E. The Competitive Advantage of Nations[M].New York:Free Press,1990.
[2] PORTER M E. On Competition[M]. Harvard:Harvard Business School Press,1998.
[3] PORTER M E. Location,Competition and Economic Development:Local Cluster in A Global Economy[J]. Economic Development Quarterly,2000,14(1):15-34.
[4] GRABHER G. The Embedded Firm:On the Socio-economics of Industrial Networks[M]. London:Routledge,1993.
[5] SAXENIAN A L,HSU J Y. The Silicon Valley-Hsinchu Connection:Technical Communities and Industrial Upgrading[J]. Industrial and Corporate Change,2001,10(4):893-920.
[6] SABOURIN V,PINSONNEAULT I. Strategic Formation of Competitive High Technology Clusters[J]. International Journal of Technology Management,1997,13(2):165-178.
[7] ATHREYE S. Agglomeration and Growth:A Study of the Cambridge High-tech Cluster[M]//BRESNAHAN T,GAMBARDELLA A. Building High-tech Cluster Silicon Valley and Beyond. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2004.
[8] MAILLAT D. Innovative Milieux and New Generations of Regional Policies[J]. Entrepreneurship&Regional Development,1998,10(1):1-16.
[9] SAXENIAN A L. Regional Advantage:Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128[M]. Harvard:Harvard University Press,1994.
[10] MCCORMICK D. African Enterprise Clusters and Industrialization:Theory and Reality[J]. World Development,1999,27(9):1531-1551.
[11] DAJIN P,KUCHIKI A,TSUJI M. Industrial Clusters in Asia:Analysis of Their Competition and Cooperation[J].Developing Economies,2005,45(1):126-130.
[12]卢明华,李国平,杨小兵.从产业链角度论中国电子信息产业发展[J].中国科技论坛,2004(4):18-22.
[13]李怡.中国信息产业集群发展研究[D].上海:复旦大学,2005.
[14]孙中伟,金凤君.信息与通信技术对空间组织的影响及其空间效率的测算[J].地域研究与开发,2010,29(1):49-54,64.
[15]潘峰华,贺灿飞,彭思源.全球化背景下的广东省制造业地理集中研究[J].人文地理,2011,26(4):91-98.
[16]孙中伟,金凤君.信息与通信技术对空间组织的影响及其空间效率的测算[J].地域研究与开发,2010,29(1):49-54,64.
[17]路紫,刘岩.信息通信技术(ICT_s)——区域发展的催化剂[J].地域研究与开发,1996,15(4):23-25.
[18]金雪琴,文嫮.中国信息制造业技术创新能力的区域差异研究——基于省际层面的实证分析[J].地域研究与开发,2010,29(2):10-15.
[19]卢明华,李丽.北京电子信息产业及其价值链空间分布特征研究[J].地理研究,2012,31(10):1861-1871.
[20]杨亚平,张会勤.市场潜能、要素成本与制造业的集聚与扩散——以我国电子与通信设备制造业为例[J].工业技术经济,2013,43(12):125-136.
[21] ANSELIN L. Local Indicators of Spatial Association—LISA[J]. Geographical Analysis,1995,27(2):93-115.
[22]王绍博,郭建科,罗小龙.我国客货流时空演化及其与经济发展的空间关联分析[J].地域研究与开发,2017,36(6):6-9,33.
[23]屈艳辉,李二玲,范訸嘉.河南省县域粮食生产格局演化及影响因素[J].地域研究与开发,2017,36(3):148-153.
[24]汪佳莉,季民河,邓中伟.基于地理加权特征价格法的上海外环内住宅租金分布成因分析[J].地域研究与开发,2016,35(5):72-80.
[25]周鹏,白永平,马卫.县域交通优势度与经济潜能测度及空间格局演变研究[J].地域研究与开发,2015,34(5):42-46.
[26]孙钰,李新刚.基于空间回归分析的城市土地综合承载力研究——以环渤海地区城市群为例[J].地域研究与开发,2013,32(5):128-132,137.
[2] PORTER M E. On Competition[M]. Harvard:Harvard Business School Press,1998.
[3] PORTER M E. Location,Competition and Economic Development:Local Cluster in A Global Economy[J]. Economic Development Quarterly,2000,14(1):15-34.
[4] GRABHER G. The Embedded Firm:On the Socio-economics of Industrial Networks[M]. London:Routledge,1993.
[5] SAXENIAN A L,HSU J Y. The Silicon Valley-Hsinchu Connection:Technical Communities and Industrial Upgrading[J]. Industrial and Corporate Change,2001,10(4):893-920.
[6] SABOURIN V,PINSONNEAULT I. Strategic Formation of Competitive High Technology Clusters[J]. International Journal of Technology Management,1997,13(2):165-178.
[7] ATHREYE S. Agglomeration and Growth:A Study of the Cambridge High-tech Cluster[M]//BRESNAHAN T,GAMBARDELLA A. Building High-tech Cluster Silicon Valley and Beyond. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2004.
[8] MAILLAT D. Innovative Milieux and New Generations of Regional Policies[J]. Entrepreneurship&Regional Development,1998,10(1):1-16.
[9] SAXENIAN A L. Regional Advantage:Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128[M]. Harvard:Harvard University Press,1994.
[10] MCCORMICK D. African Enterprise Clusters and Industrialization:Theory and Reality[J]. World Development,1999,27(9):1531-1551.
[11] DAJIN P,KUCHIKI A,TSUJI M. Industrial Clusters in Asia:Analysis of Their Competition and Cooperation[J].Developing Economies,2005,45(1):126-130.
[12]卢明华,李国平,杨小兵.从产业链角度论中国电子信息产业发展[J].中国科技论坛,2004(4):18-22.
[13]李怡.中国信息产业集群发展研究[D].上海:复旦大学,2005.
[14]孙中伟,金凤君.信息与通信技术对空间组织的影响及其空间效率的测算[J].地域研究与开发,2010,29(1):49-54,64.
[15]潘峰华,贺灿飞,彭思源.全球化背景下的广东省制造业地理集中研究[J].人文地理,2011,26(4):91-98.
[16]孙中伟,金凤君.信息与通信技术对空间组织的影响及其空间效率的测算[J].地域研究与开发,2010,29(1):49-54,64.
[17]路紫,刘岩.信息通信技术(ICT_s)——区域发展的催化剂[J].地域研究与开发,1996,15(4):23-25.
[18]金雪琴,文嫮.中国信息制造业技术创新能力的区域差异研究——基于省际层面的实证分析[J].地域研究与开发,2010,29(2):10-15.
[19]卢明华,李丽.北京电子信息产业及其价值链空间分布特征研究[J].地理研究,2012,31(10):1861-1871.
[20]杨亚平,张会勤.市场潜能、要素成本与制造业的集聚与扩散——以我国电子与通信设备制造业为例[J].工业技术经济,2013,43(12):125-136.
[21] ANSELIN L. Local Indicators of Spatial Association—LISA[J]. Geographical Analysis,1995,27(2):93-115.
[22]王绍博,郭建科,罗小龙.我国客货流时空演化及其与经济发展的空间关联分析[J].地域研究与开发,2017,36(6):6-9,33.
[23]屈艳辉,李二玲,范訸嘉.河南省县域粮食生产格局演化及影响因素[J].地域研究与开发,2017,36(3):148-153.
[24]汪佳莉,季民河,邓中伟.基于地理加权特征价格法的上海外环内住宅租金分布成因分析[J].地域研究与开发,2016,35(5):72-80.
[25]周鹏,白永平,马卫.县域交通优势度与经济潜能测度及空间格局演变研究[J].地域研究与开发,2015,34(5):42-46.
[26]孙钰,李新刚.基于空间回归分析的城市土地综合承载力研究——以环渤海地区城市群为例[J].地域研究与开发,2013,32(5):128-132,137.