不同小麦品种柱头活力及花粉活性模拟研究
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摘要
为分析小麦品种抗倒春寒能力与其柱头活力及花粉活性间的关联性,以5个黄淮麦区主导小麦品种为试验材料,杂交时互为母本和父本,去雄后1、3、5、7、9天进行饱和授粉,成熟收获后统计各杂交组合的杂交结实率,以各品种作为母本、父本时的平均杂交结实率分别代表该品种柱头活力及花粉活性。试验结果表明:当5个小麦品种为母本时:平均杂交结实率由高到低依次是‘周麦18’、‘百农207’、‘西农979’、‘良星99’和‘偃师4110’,‘周麦18’的平均杂交结实率最高为72.13%,柱头活力最强;‘百农207’的平均杂交结实率居第2位,与‘周麦18’的平均杂交结实率差异不显著;‘周麦18’的平均杂交结实率与‘西农979’、‘良星99’和‘偃师4110’的平均杂交结实率差异达极显著水平。当5个小麦品种为父本时:平均杂交结实率由高到低依次是‘百农207’、‘周麦18’、‘偃师4110’、‘西农979’和‘良星99’,‘百农207’的平均杂交结实率最高为72.00%,花粉活性最强;‘周麦18’的平均杂交结实率居第2位,与‘百农207’的平均杂交结实率差异不显著;‘百农207’、‘周麦18’的平均杂交结实率与‘偃师4110’、‘西农979’和‘良星99’的平均杂交结实率差异达极显著水平。
To study the association between late spring cold and stigma and pollen vigor of different wheat varieties in the Huang-huai winter wheat region, the leading wheat varieties were used as female parent and male parent in hybridization, sexual hybridization experiments were conducted between five winter wheat varieties after emasculation 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days, the hybrid seed rate of different combinations were studied after harvest, which represent stigma vitality and pollen activity of the wheat varieties. The results showed that when 5 wheat varieties were used as female parents, the order of average seed setting rate was‘Zhoumai18'>‘Bainong 207'>‘Xinong 979'>‘Liangxing 99'>‘Yanshi 4110', the average seed setting rate of‘Zhoumai 18'was 72.13%, and showed the highest stigma vitality; there was no significant difference between‘Bainong 207'and‘Zhoumai 18', and the average seed setting rate of‘Zhoumai 18'was significantly higher than that of the other three varieties. When the 5 wheat varieties were used as male parents, the order of average seed setting rate was‘Bainong 207'>‘Zhoumai 18'>‘Yanshi 4110'>‘Xinong 979'>‘Liangxing 99', the average seed setting rate of‘Bainong 207'was 72.00%, and showed the highest pollen activity, the difference between‘Bainong 207'and‘Zhoumai 18'was not significant, but the average seed setting rate of‘Bainong 207'was significantly higher than that of the other three varieties.
To study the association between late spring cold and stigma and pollen vigor of different wheat varieties in the Huang-huai winter wheat region, the leading wheat varieties were used as female parent and male parent in hybridization, sexual hybridization experiments were conducted between five winter wheat varieties after emasculation 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days, the hybrid seed rate of different combinations were studied after harvest, which represent stigma vitality and pollen activity of the wheat varieties. The results showed that when 5 wheat varieties were used as female parents, the order of average seed setting rate was‘Zhoumai18'>‘Bainong 207'>‘Xinong 979'>‘Liangxing 99'>‘Yanshi 4110', the average seed setting rate of‘Zhoumai 18'was 72.13%, and showed the highest stigma vitality; there was no significant difference between‘Bainong 207'and‘Zhoumai 18', and the average seed setting rate of‘Zhoumai 18'was significantly higher than that of the other three varieties. When the 5 wheat varieties were used as male parents, the order of average seed setting rate was‘Bainong 207'>‘Zhoumai 18'>‘Yanshi 4110'>‘Xinong 979'>‘Liangxing 99', the average seed setting rate of‘Bainong 207'was 72.00%, and showed the highest pollen activity, the difference between‘Bainong 207'and‘Zhoumai 18'was not significant, but the average seed setting rate of‘Bainong 207'was significantly higher than that of the other three varieties.
引文
[1]辛明明,彭惠茹,倪中福.小麦耐热性的生理遗传研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(5):783-791.
[2]刘红美,祝梓博,田秋珍,等.中国黄淮麦区小麦籽粒硬度Puroindoline基因等位变异检测[J].分子植物育种,2016,14(10):2700-2715.
[3]茹振钢,冯素伟,李淦.黄淮麦区小麦品种的高产潜力与实现途径[J].中国农业科学.2015,48(17):3388-3393.
[4]盖钧镒.作物育种学各论[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[5]Fischer R A.The importance of grain or kernel number in wheat:Areply to Sinclair and Jamieson[J].Field Crops Research,2008(105):15-21.
[6]Sinclair T R,Jamieson P D.Grain number.wheat yield and bottling beer:An analysis[J].Field Crops Research,2006,98:60-67.
[7]王兆龙,曹卫星,戴廷波.小麦穗粒数形成的基因型差异及增粒途径分析[J].作物学报,2001,27(2):236-242.
[8]李存东,曹卫星,张月晨,等.不同播期下小麦冬春性品种小花结实特性及其与植株生长性状的关系[J].麦类作物学报,2000,20(1):59-62.
[9]郑春风,任伟,朱慧杰,等.不同年代小麦品种小花发育模式及结实特性的差异[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(4):669-674.
[10]德英,穆怀彬,解继红.老芒麦花粉活力和柱头可授性及授粉方式研究[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(18):4469-4472.
[11]胡含,张相歧,张文俊,等.花粉小麦染色体工程[J].科学通报,1999,44(1):611.
[12]金善宝.中国小麦学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996.
[13]胡廷积,尹钧.小麦生态栽培[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.
[14]孙苗苗,王志强,高翔,等.河南主推小麦品种对低温胁迫的生理响应及耐寒性分析[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(3):316-324.
[15]高艳,唐健卫,殷贵鸿,等.倒春寒发生时期和次数对冬小麦产量性状的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(5):687-692.
[16]王忠.植物生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[17]Atef S S,刘达先.小麦花粉粒的生活力[J].麦类作物学报,1982(8):37-40.
[18]陈贵菊,陈明丽,王福玉,等.药隔期低温对小麦生长发育的影响[J].山东农业科学,2015,47(2):25-28.
[19]Sun X C,Hu C X,Tan Q L,et al.Endogenous hormone in response to molybdenum in winter wheat roots under low temperature stress[J].Journal of Food Agriculture&Envi-ronment,2010,8(3):597-601.
[20]Whaley J M,Kirby E J M,Spink J H,et al.Frost damage to winter wheat in the UK:the effect of plant population density[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2004,21:105-115.
[21]刘璇,王瑞丽,周伟,等.春季低温低小麦穗部发育和粒重的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2013,47(4):373-380.
[22]刘立伟.药隔、减数分裂、开花期低温对小麦产量的影响与补救研究[D].扬州:扬州大学,2016.
[23]张淑娟,宋国琦,高洁,等.小麦春季抗寒性研究进展[J].山东农业科学,2017,49(6):157-162.
[24]赵虹,王西成,胡卫国,等.黄淮南片麦区小麦倒春寒冻害成因及预防措施[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(8):34-38.
[2]刘红美,祝梓博,田秋珍,等.中国黄淮麦区小麦籽粒硬度Puroindoline基因等位变异检测[J].分子植物育种,2016,14(10):2700-2715.
[3]茹振钢,冯素伟,李淦.黄淮麦区小麦品种的高产潜力与实现途径[J].中国农业科学.2015,48(17):3388-3393.
[4]盖钧镒.作物育种学各论[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[5]Fischer R A.The importance of grain or kernel number in wheat:Areply to Sinclair and Jamieson[J].Field Crops Research,2008(105):15-21.
[6]Sinclair T R,Jamieson P D.Grain number.wheat yield and bottling beer:An analysis[J].Field Crops Research,2006,98:60-67.
[7]王兆龙,曹卫星,戴廷波.小麦穗粒数形成的基因型差异及增粒途径分析[J].作物学报,2001,27(2):236-242.
[8]李存东,曹卫星,张月晨,等.不同播期下小麦冬春性品种小花结实特性及其与植株生长性状的关系[J].麦类作物学报,2000,20(1):59-62.
[9]郑春风,任伟,朱慧杰,等.不同年代小麦品种小花发育模式及结实特性的差异[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(4):669-674.
[10]德英,穆怀彬,解继红.老芒麦花粉活力和柱头可授性及授粉方式研究[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(18):4469-4472.
[11]胡含,张相歧,张文俊,等.花粉小麦染色体工程[J].科学通报,1999,44(1):611.
[12]金善宝.中国小麦学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996.
[13]胡廷积,尹钧.小麦生态栽培[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.
[14]孙苗苗,王志强,高翔,等.河南主推小麦品种对低温胁迫的生理响应及耐寒性分析[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(3):316-324.
[15]高艳,唐健卫,殷贵鸿,等.倒春寒发生时期和次数对冬小麦产量性状的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(5):687-692.
[16]王忠.植物生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[17]Atef S S,刘达先.小麦花粉粒的生活力[J].麦类作物学报,1982(8):37-40.
[18]陈贵菊,陈明丽,王福玉,等.药隔期低温对小麦生长发育的影响[J].山东农业科学,2015,47(2):25-28.
[19]Sun X C,Hu C X,Tan Q L,et al.Endogenous hormone in response to molybdenum in winter wheat roots under low temperature stress[J].Journal of Food Agriculture&Envi-ronment,2010,8(3):597-601.
[20]Whaley J M,Kirby E J M,Spink J H,et al.Frost damage to winter wheat in the UK:the effect of plant population density[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2004,21:105-115.
[21]刘璇,王瑞丽,周伟,等.春季低温低小麦穗部发育和粒重的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2013,47(4):373-380.
[22]刘立伟.药隔、减数分裂、开花期低温对小麦产量的影响与补救研究[D].扬州:扬州大学,2016.
[23]张淑娟,宋国琦,高洁,等.小麦春季抗寒性研究进展[J].山东农业科学,2017,49(6):157-162.
[24]赵虹,王西成,胡卫国,等.黄淮南片麦区小麦倒春寒冻害成因及预防措施[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(8):34-38.