豫北地区不同灌水处理对冬小麦生长发育与产量形成的影响
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摘要
以河南省人民胜利渠灌区种植的冬小麦为研究对象,通过分析冬小麦在不同灌水条件下的生育进程、形态指标及产量构成因素差异,为确定冬小麦的节水高产灌溉制度及水资源高效利用提供理论基础。结果表明:土壤墒情状况对冬小麦生长发育具有决定性的影响,水分亏缺会对冬小麦群体植株形态指标产生不良影响;低水分处理(T-50)叶面积指数、植株高度、干物质积累等性状低于适宜水分处理,土壤水分不足时,会造成叶面积指数、植株高度和干物质累积量等低于正常值;穗部性状随着土壤水分的降低而减少,T-50的处理最低,无效小穗数受土壤水分的影响规律性不明显;穗粒重和产量最高出现在适宜水分处理(T-60)中。
Planting of winter wheat in Henan province People's Shengliqu irrigation area as the research object,through the analysis of the birth of winter wheat under different irrigation process,shape index and yield components of difference,to determine the water-saving high yield of winter wheat irrigation system which provides the theoretical foundation and the efficient utilization of water resources. The results showed that soil moisture was one of the most important ecological factors affecting the growth and development of winter wheat. Low water treatment (T-50),leaf area,plant height,dry matter accumulation and yield components traits significantly lower than the optimum water processing,the heavier the drought,the smaller the leaf area,plant height is lower,the smaller amount of dry matter accumulation. The number of effective panicles,length of ears and number of panicles decreased with the decrease of soil moisture,and the treatment of T-50 was the lowest,but the effect of soil water on the number of small panicles was not regular. The grain weight and yield of the suitable water treatment (T-60) are highest.
Planting of winter wheat in Henan province People's Shengliqu irrigation area as the research object,through the analysis of the birth of winter wheat under different irrigation process,shape index and yield components of difference,to determine the water-saving high yield of winter wheat irrigation system which provides the theoretical foundation and the efficient utilization of water resources. The results showed that soil moisture was one of the most important ecological factors affecting the growth and development of winter wheat. Low water treatment (T-50),leaf area,plant height,dry matter accumulation and yield components traits significantly lower than the optimum water processing,the heavier the drought,the smaller the leaf area,plant height is lower,the smaller amount of dry matter accumulation. The number of effective panicles,length of ears and number of panicles decreased with the decrease of soil moisture,and the treatment of T-50 was the lowest,but the effect of soil water on the number of small panicles was not regular. The grain weight and yield of the suitable water treatment (T-60) are highest.
引文
[1]王学强.河南小麦生产潜力及发展战略研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007.
[2]韦强军.豫西北地区土壤水分控制下限对冬小麦产量形成与水分利用的影响研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2018(3):50-54.
[3]牟洪臣,王振华,何新林,等.不同灌水次数和施氮量对冬小麦农艺性状及产量的影响[J].节水灌溉,2015(1):27-32.
[4]杨静敬,路振广,邱新强,等.不同灌水定额对冬小麦耗水规律及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2013,32(3):87-89.
[5]刘战东,高阳,巩文军,等.模拟降雨条件下覆盖方式对冬小麦降水利用的影响[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(6):153-158.
[6]高阳,邱新强,巩文军,等.黄淮海平原播前土壤水分对冬小麦产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,31(3):17-20.
[7]姚宁,宋利兵,刘建,等.不同生长阶段水分胁迫对旱区冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(12):2 379-2 389.
[8]张寄阳,孙景生,肖俊夫,等.灌水控制下限对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(11):387-391.
[2]韦强军.豫西北地区土壤水分控制下限对冬小麦产量形成与水分利用的影响研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2018(3):50-54.
[3]牟洪臣,王振华,何新林,等.不同灌水次数和施氮量对冬小麦农艺性状及产量的影响[J].节水灌溉,2015(1):27-32.
[4]杨静敬,路振广,邱新强,等.不同灌水定额对冬小麦耗水规律及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2013,32(3):87-89.
[5]刘战东,高阳,巩文军,等.模拟降雨条件下覆盖方式对冬小麦降水利用的影响[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(6):153-158.
[6]高阳,邱新强,巩文军,等.黄淮海平原播前土壤水分对冬小麦产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,31(3):17-20.
[7]姚宁,宋利兵,刘建,等.不同生长阶段水分胁迫对旱区冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(12):2 379-2 389.
[8]张寄阳,孙景生,肖俊夫,等.灌水控制下限对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(11):387-391.