水体突发污染事件的在线生物监测技术研究进展
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摘要
水体突发性污染事件的污染方式具有多样性,污染物种类具有复杂性。水体突发污染事件的特征决定在线生物监测的难度。结合受试生物种类和生物生理生态指标的不同,综合分析了已经报道的水体污染在线生物监测技术。根据统计分析结果,已经报道的水体突发性污染在线生物监测技术主要分为:基于生物行为变化的在线生物监测技术、基于生物生理变化的在线生物监测技术和基于综合生物指标的在线生物监测技术3类。在不同生物种类和生理生态指标分析基础上,对不同在线生物监测技术的基本原理和优缺点进行分析,也对不同在线生物监测技术存在的缺点提出解决的主要方案,为水体突发污染事件监测分析提供支持,以满足水体突发污染事件的在线监测和应急管理需求。
The pollution pattern diversity and the pollutant complexity decided the difficulty of the online biomonitoring of water pollution incidents. The reported online biomonitoring technologies using physio-ecological changes were statistically analyzed. At present, the online biomonitoring technologies were made up of three kinds of physio-ecological parameters: behavior responses, physiological changes and the combined biological characteristics.The principles and the advantages of different technologies were investigated, and the disadvantages were discussedto propose the main solutions in order to support the monitoring of water pollution incidents and satisfy the requirement of the emergency management.
The pollution pattern diversity and the pollutant complexity decided the difficulty of the online biomonitoring of water pollution incidents. The reported online biomonitoring technologies using physio-ecological changes were statistically analyzed. At present, the online biomonitoring technologies were made up of three kinds of physio-ecological parameters: behavior responses, physiological changes and the combined biological characteristics.The principles and the advantages of different technologies were investigated, and the disadvantages were discussedto propose the main solutions in order to support the monitoring of water pollution incidents and satisfy the requirement of the emergency management.
引文
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[7]周凤霞.生物监测[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2006:1-20
[8]王春香,李媛媛,徐顺清.生物监测及其在环境监测中的应用[J].生态毒理学报, 2010, 5(5):628-638Wang C X, Li Y Y, Xu S Q. Biological monitoring and its application in environmental monitoring[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2010, 5(5):628-638(in Chinese)
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[10]刘小卫,陆光华.主动生物监测技术在水环境风险评价中的应用[J].环境监测管理与技术, 2008, 20(3):12-15Liu X W, Lu G H. Application of active biomonitoring techniques in risk assessment of aquatic environment[J].The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring, 2008, 20(3):12-15(in Chinese)
[11] Wepener V, van Vuren J H J, Chatiza F P, et al. Active biomonitoring in freshwater environments:Early warning signals from biomarkers in assessing biological effects of diffuse sources of pollutants[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 2005, 30(11):751-761
[12]张苒,黎如昊,刘芸,等.在线生物毒性监测技术预警水质有毒物质污染与因果关系分析的案例研究[J].生态毒理学报, 2014, 9(6):1232-1238Zhang R, Li R H, Liu Y, et al. A case-study on the fieldapplication and causality analysis of biological earlywarning technology for toxic chemicals pollutionin water[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2014, 9(6):1232-1238(in Chinese)
[13]任宗明.在线生物监测技术在饮水安全预警中的应用研究[D].济南:山东师范大学, 2005:5-6Ren Z M. The research of on-line biomonitoring technique applying in security estimate of drinking water production[D]. Ji’nan:Shandong Normal University, 2005:5-6(in Chinese)
[14]任宗明,饶凯锋,王子健.水质安全在线生物预警技术及研究进展[J].供水技术, 2008, 2(1):5-7Ren Z M, Rao K F, Wang Z J. On-line biological early warning technique for water quality safety and its research progress[J]. Water Technology, 2008, 2(1):5-7(in Chinese)
[15] Bae M J, Park Y S. Biological early warning system based on the responses of aquatic organisms to disturbances:A review[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2014, 466-467(1):635-649
[16] FarréM L, García M J, Tirapu L, et al. Wastewater toxicity screening of non-ionic surfactants by Toxalertand Microtoxbioluminescence inhibition assays[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2001, 427(2):181-189
[17] Irving A D, Connell S D, Elsdon T S. Effects of kelp canopies on bleaching and photosynthetic activity of encrusting coralline algae[J]. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology&Ecology, 2004, 310(1):1-12
[18] Kang I J, Moroishi J, Nakamura A, et al. Biological monitoring for detection of toxic chemicals in water by the swimming behavior of small freshwater fish[J]. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture-Kyushu University(Japan),2009, 54(1):209-214
[19] Enders E C, Boisclair D. Effects of environmental fluctuations on fish metabolism:Atlantic salmon Salmo salar as a case study[J]. Journal of Fish Biology, 2016, 88(1):344-358
[20] Kojima T, Ishii M, Kobayashi M, et al. Blood parameters and electrocardiogram in squeezed fish simulating the effect of net damage and recovery[J]. Fisheries Science,2004, 70(5):860-866
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