2012—2015年安顺市短时暴雨时空分布
|
摘要
该文利用2012—2015年区域自动站小时降雨资料对安顺市短时暴雨时空分布特征、天气学概念模型、物理量指数特征等进行分析,结果表明:①安顺市有5个短时暴雨大值区,其中有4个位于安顺市海拔高度梯度较大的区域;②安顺市的短时暴雨全天均可发生,主要集中在5—6月,且有典型的夜雨特征;③短时暴雨发生期间,水汽主要在对流层中层和边界层辐合,在对流层低层辐散,使得水汽能够长时间的积累;④短时暴雨发生期间大气长时间处于对流不稳定状态,为短时暴雨的发生提供了有利的能量和动力条件。
Based on the hourly rainfall data from regional stations during 2012—2015 in Anshun, the characteristics of the temporal and spatial distribution of short-time heavy rain in Anshun were analyzed from the conceptual model of synoptic weather and physical quantity indices. The results show that: ①There are 5 short-time heavy rainfall areas in Anshun, among which, 4 are in areas with high elevation gradients. ②The short-time heavy rain in Anshun is likely to fall anytime in one day, with concentrations in May to June and a significant occurrence of night rain. ③The water vapor mainly converges at the upper and lower levels but diverges at the middle level during the short-time heavy rain, which enables the water vapor to accumulate over long periods of time in Anshun. ④The atmosphere is in a convective unstable state for a long time during short-time rainstorms, providing substantial energy for the occurrence of short-time heavy rainfall.
Based on the hourly rainfall data from regional stations during 2012—2015 in Anshun, the characteristics of the temporal and spatial distribution of short-time heavy rain in Anshun were analyzed from the conceptual model of synoptic weather and physical quantity indices. The results show that: ①There are 5 short-time heavy rainfall areas in Anshun, among which, 4 are in areas with high elevation gradients. ②The short-time heavy rain in Anshun is likely to fall anytime in one day, with concentrations in May to June and a significant occurrence of night rain. ③The water vapor mainly converges at the upper and lower levels but diverges at the middle level during the short-time heavy rain, which enables the water vapor to accumulate over long periods of time in Anshun. ④The atmosphere is in a convective unstable state for a long time during short-time rainstorms, providing substantial energy for the occurrence of short-time heavy rainfall.
引文
[1] IPCC.Climate Change The Science of Climate Change.Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[M].Cambridge UK:Cambridge University Press,2001:1-785.
[2] Meehl G A,T R Karl,D R Easterlling,et al.An introduction to trends in extreme weather and climate events:observations,socioeconomic impacts,terrestrial ecological impacts ,and model projections[J].Bull Amer Meteor Soc,2000,81(3):413-416.
[3] Easterling D R,J L Evans,and P.Ya Groisman.,et al.Observed variability and trends in extreme climate events:a brief review [J].Bull Amer Meteor Soc,2000,81(3):417-425.
[4] 江志红,丁裕国,陈威霖.21世纪中国极端降水事件预估[J].气候变化研究进展,2007,3(4):202-207.
[5] 袁晨,马力.都江堰短时强降水时空分布统计分析[J].气象科技,2013,41(6):1086-1090
[6] 彭芳,吴古会,杜小玲.贵州省汛期短时降水时空特征分析[J].气象,2012,38(3):307-313.
[7] 韩宁,苗春生.近6年陕甘宁三省5-9月短时强降水统计特征[J].应用气象学报,2012,23(6):691-701.
[8] 虞苏青,白慧,褚丽君.安顺区域夜间暴雨时空分布及其影响因子[J].成都信息工程学院学报,2011,26(4):433-440.
[9] 王佳津,陈朝平,龙柯吉.四川区域暴雨过程中短时强降水时空分布特征[J].高原山地气象研究,2015,35(1):16-20.
[10]陈海凤,李扬,黄世芹.基于自动站观测的贵阳强降水特征分析[J].贵州气象,2017,41(3):46-50.
[11]陈艳,寿绍文,宿海良.CAPE等环境参数在华北罕见秋季大暴雨中的应用[J].气象,2005,31(10):56-61.
[12]艾永智,杨传荣,金少华.高分辨率对流有效位能在云南一次强对流天气中的应用分析[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(S1):77-85.
[13]陈军,李小兰,喻义军.贵州铜仁地区一次罕见大范围冰雹过程分析[J].干旱气象,2016,34(6):1 047-1 053.
[14]狄潇泓,许东蓓,肖玮.“5.10” 岷县短时暴雨斜压锋和不稳定条件分析[J].干旱气象,2017,35(1):108-115.
[15]唐佳,姚蓉,王晓雷.2015年春季湖南两次混合对流天气过程对比分析[J].干旱气象,2017,35(2):250-259.
[16]谭志强,王敏,李婷.2014年8月15～16日宁夏强对流天气螺旋度分析[J].干旱气象,2015,33(6):926-933.
[17]刘新伟,段海霞,杨晓军.甘肃东部两次短时强降水天气过程对比分析[J].干旱气象,2017,35(5):868-873.
[18]赵瑜,赵桂香,王思慜.“7.28”山西中部强对流天气的中尺度分析[J].干旱气象,2017,35(5):874-885.
[19]曾勇,杨莲梅.南疆西部一次暴雨强对流过程的中尺度特征分析 [J].干旱气象,2017,35(3):475-484.
[2] Meehl G A,T R Karl,D R Easterlling,et al.An introduction to trends in extreme weather and climate events:observations,socioeconomic impacts,terrestrial ecological impacts ,and model projections[J].Bull Amer Meteor Soc,2000,81(3):413-416.
[3] Easterling D R,J L Evans,and P.Ya Groisman.,et al.Observed variability and trends in extreme climate events:a brief review [J].Bull Amer Meteor Soc,2000,81(3):417-425.
[4] 江志红,丁裕国,陈威霖.21世纪中国极端降水事件预估[J].气候变化研究进展,2007,3(4):202-207.
[5] 袁晨,马力.都江堰短时强降水时空分布统计分析[J].气象科技,2013,41(6):1086-1090
[6] 彭芳,吴古会,杜小玲.贵州省汛期短时降水时空特征分析[J].气象,2012,38(3):307-313.
[7] 韩宁,苗春生.近6年陕甘宁三省5-9月短时强降水统计特征[J].应用气象学报,2012,23(6):691-701.
[8] 虞苏青,白慧,褚丽君.安顺区域夜间暴雨时空分布及其影响因子[J].成都信息工程学院学报,2011,26(4):433-440.
[9] 王佳津,陈朝平,龙柯吉.四川区域暴雨过程中短时强降水时空分布特征[J].高原山地气象研究,2015,35(1):16-20.
[10]陈海凤,李扬,黄世芹.基于自动站观测的贵阳强降水特征分析[J].贵州气象,2017,41(3):46-50.
[11]陈艳,寿绍文,宿海良.CAPE等环境参数在华北罕见秋季大暴雨中的应用[J].气象,2005,31(10):56-61.
[12]艾永智,杨传荣,金少华.高分辨率对流有效位能在云南一次强对流天气中的应用分析[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(S1):77-85.
[13]陈军,李小兰,喻义军.贵州铜仁地区一次罕见大范围冰雹过程分析[J].干旱气象,2016,34(6):1 047-1 053.
[14]狄潇泓,许东蓓,肖玮.“5.10” 岷县短时暴雨斜压锋和不稳定条件分析[J].干旱气象,2017,35(1):108-115.
[15]唐佳,姚蓉,王晓雷.2015年春季湖南两次混合对流天气过程对比分析[J].干旱气象,2017,35(2):250-259.
[16]谭志强,王敏,李婷.2014年8月15～16日宁夏强对流天气螺旋度分析[J].干旱气象,2015,33(6):926-933.
[17]刘新伟,段海霞,杨晓军.甘肃东部两次短时强降水天气过程对比分析[J].干旱气象,2017,35(5):868-873.
[18]赵瑜,赵桂香,王思慜.“7.28”山西中部强对流天气的中尺度分析[J].干旱气象,2017,35(5):874-885.
[19]曾勇,杨莲梅.南疆西部一次暴雨强对流过程的中尺度特征分析 [J].干旱气象,2017,35(3):475-484.