异地商会地方治理实践中的行动困境探析——以东莞市江西商会为例
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摘要
异地商会在参与地方治理的实践过程体现出复杂性和矛盾性的一面,即在参与地方治理实践、不断承接地方政府转嫁出的治理职能时,却面临着行动选择上的困境,甚至有商会因不堪重负而陷入生存危机的现象。本文关注异地商会在社会转型这一制度环境下所面临的"体制内"和"体制外"双重合法性压力,分析其基于自身生存和发展需要,面对环境中不同约束强度的合法性期待时所做出的行动策略选择,试图探明异地商会参与地方治理中的行动困境及其制度性根源,并在此基础上探讨了激励异地商会参与地方治理的策略。
The practice process of the cross-district chamber of commerce in participating in local governance is most likely to produce the contradiction. That is to say,when participating in local governance practice and continuously undertaking the governance functions transferred by the local governments,they are facing the dilemma between different action choices. Some chamber of commerce might even fail to maintain the organization due to the complexity of the choice-making. This article focuses on how the cross-district chamber of commerce have to deal with the dual legitimacy pressure within and outside the governmental system. It attempts to analyze the survival and development needs of the organizations,and the choice-making strategy in facing the legitimacy expectation with different environments. It tends to explore the action dilemma and institutional root within the process of participating in local governance,and propose a possible solution to encourage the participation of the cross-district chamber of commerce in local governance.
The practice process of the cross-district chamber of commerce in participating in local governance is most likely to produce the contradiction. That is to say,when participating in local governance practice and continuously undertaking the governance functions transferred by the local governments,they are facing the dilemma between different action choices. Some chamber of commerce might even fail to maintain the organization due to the complexity of the choice-making. This article focuses on how the cross-district chamber of commerce have to deal with the dual legitimacy pressure within and outside the governmental system. It attempts to analyze the survival and development needs of the organizations,and the choice-making strategy in facing the legitimacy expectation with different environments. It tends to explore the action dilemma and institutional root within the process of participating in local governance,and propose a possible solution to encourage the participation of the cross-district chamber of commerce in local governance.
引文
[1]王华.中国异地商会成长模式与行为策略研究[D].天津:南开大学,2010:1.
[2]李中英.民间商会参与地方治理的路径研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2009.
[3] Greif A,Milgrom P,Weingast B R. Coordination,Commitment,and Enforcement:The Case of the Merchant Guild[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1994,102:745-775.
[4] Mcmillan J,Woodruff C. Private Order under Dysfunctional Public[J]. Michigan Law Review,2000,98(8):2421.
[5]陈剩勇.另一领域的民主:浙江温州民间商会的政治学视角[J].学术界,2003(6):23-35.
[6] Moore M,Hamalai L. Economic Liberalization,Political Pluralism and Business Associations in Developing Countries[J]. World Development,1993(12):1895-1912.
[7]安东尼·吉登斯.第三条道路及其批评[M].北京:中共中央党校出版社,2002:29.
[8] Powell,Di Maggio. The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis[M]. Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1991.
(1)真正在省级范围内率先对社团登记制度“破冰”的是广东省。2011年11月,广东出台《关于广东省进一步培育发展和规范管理社会组织的方案》,方案确定,除特别规定、特殊领域外,自2012年7月1日起,社会组织的业务主管单位均改为业务指导单位,成立社会组织可直接到民政部门申请。2012年5月又出台了《广东省民政厅关于异地商会登记管理的暂行办法》,开放地市级异地商会登记,并明确了相关管理制度。参见:《社团开放注册破冰:不再需业务主管单位审查》,http://news.sohu.com/20130312/n368496881.shtml。
(1)内容来源于笔者于2017年2月28日在江西商会秘书处的访谈记录,下同。
[2]李中英.民间商会参与地方治理的路径研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2009.
[3] Greif A,Milgrom P,Weingast B R. Coordination,Commitment,and Enforcement:The Case of the Merchant Guild[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1994,102:745-775.
[4] Mcmillan J,Woodruff C. Private Order under Dysfunctional Public[J]. Michigan Law Review,2000,98(8):2421.
[5]陈剩勇.另一领域的民主:浙江温州民间商会的政治学视角[J].学术界,2003(6):23-35.
[6] Moore M,Hamalai L. Economic Liberalization,Political Pluralism and Business Associations in Developing Countries[J]. World Development,1993(12):1895-1912.
[7]安东尼·吉登斯.第三条道路及其批评[M].北京:中共中央党校出版社,2002:29.
[8] Powell,Di Maggio. The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis[M]. Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1991.
(1)真正在省级范围内率先对社团登记制度“破冰”的是广东省。2011年11月,广东出台《关于广东省进一步培育发展和规范管理社会组织的方案》,方案确定,除特别规定、特殊领域外,自2012年7月1日起,社会组织的业务主管单位均改为业务指导单位,成立社会组织可直接到民政部门申请。2012年5月又出台了《广东省民政厅关于异地商会登记管理的暂行办法》,开放地市级异地商会登记,并明确了相关管理制度。参见:《社团开放注册破冰:不再需业务主管单位审查》,http://news.sohu.com/20130312/n368496881.shtml。
(1)内容来源于笔者于2017年2月28日在江西商会秘书处的访谈记录,下同。