Cd、Pb和As在不同品种水稻籽粒中的富集特征研究
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摘要
为研究不同品系水稻籽粒对Cd、Pb和As吸收累积的差异,于2014年采集了粤北矿区周边农区的316份水稻样品。研究结果表明:常规稻稻米中Cd、Pb和As含量平均值分别为:0.290 mg/kg、0.060 mg/kg和0.144 mg/kg,杂交稻稻米中Cd、Pb、As含量分别为:0.237 mg/kg、0.044 mg/kg和0.132 mg/kg,常规稻重金属含量整体均高于杂交稻。稻壳向大米中的转移能力为Cd>As>Pb。银占、美香占和深两优等品系水稻为Cd污染敏感富集型品系,深优为Cd、Pb耐性低累积品系。常规稻稻米中Cd和As的吸收呈拮抗作用,杂交稻稻米中Cd和Pb的吸收呈协同作用。因此,根据不同基因型水稻对重金属累积的差异性,筛选出重金属低累积水稻品种的方法是可行的。
In order to study the difference of Cd,Zn and As accumulation in different cultivated variety rice. 316 rice cultivars varieties cultivated in a heavy metal polluted paddy field which located in a mine zone of northern Guangdong Province in 2014.The results showed that: The average values of Pb,As and Cd in traditional rice were as follows: 0.290 mg / kg,0.060 mg / kg and 0.144 mg / kg. The contents of Pb,As and Cd in hybrid rice were as follows: 0.237 mg / kg,0.044 mg / kg and 0.132 mg / kg.The content of heavy metals in traditional rice was higher than that in hybrid rice. The transfer ability of husk to rice was Cd>As>Pb. The strains of Yinzhan,Meixiangzhan and Shenliangyou had greater abilities to enrich Cd than other strains. The Shenyou strains had the weakest capacities to absorb Cd and Pb. The absorption of As and Cd in traditional rice was antagonistic,but the absorption of Pb and Cd in hybrid rice was synergistic. Therefore,according to the difference of heavy metal accumulation in different genotypes of rice,it is feasible to screen out the rice varieties of low accumulation of heavy metals.
In order to study the difference of Cd,Zn and As accumulation in different cultivated variety rice. 316 rice cultivars varieties cultivated in a heavy metal polluted paddy field which located in a mine zone of northern Guangdong Province in 2014.The results showed that: The average values of Pb,As and Cd in traditional rice were as follows: 0.290 mg / kg,0.060 mg / kg and 0.144 mg / kg. The contents of Pb,As and Cd in hybrid rice were as follows: 0.237 mg / kg,0.044 mg / kg and 0.132 mg / kg.The content of heavy metals in traditional rice was higher than that in hybrid rice. The transfer ability of husk to rice was Cd>As>Pb. The strains of Yinzhan,Meixiangzhan and Shenliangyou had greater abilities to enrich Cd than other strains. The Shenyou strains had the weakest capacities to absorb Cd and Pb. The absorption of As and Cd in traditional rice was antagonistic,but the absorption of Pb and Cd in hybrid rice was synergistic. Therefore,according to the difference of heavy metal accumulation in different genotypes of rice,it is feasible to screen out the rice varieties of low accumulation of heavy metals.
引文
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[19]Pejic B,Vukcevic M,Kostic M,et al..Biosorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions by short hemp fibers:effect of chemical composition[J].J.Hazard.Mater.,2009,164:146-153.
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[21]Usarat T,Chongrak P.Evaluation of phosphate fertilizers for the stabilization of cadmium in highly contaminated soils[J].J.Hazard.Mater.,2009,165:1109-1113.
[22]Zhang X F,Xia H P,Li Z A,et al..Identification of a new potential Cd hyperaccumulator Solanum photeinocarpum by soil seed bank-metal concentration gradient method[J].J.Hazard.Mater.,2011,189:414-419.
[23]柯庆明,梁康迳,林文雄,等.基因型与环境互作对食用稻米重金属积累特性遗传相关性的影响研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,14(1):24-27.
[24]杨居荣,查燕,刘虹.污染稻、麦籽实中Cd,Cu,Pb的分布及其存在形态初探[J].中国环境科学,1999,19(6):500-504.
[25]徐加宽,杨连新,王余龙,等.水稻对重金属元素的吸收与分配机理的研究进展[J].植物学通报,2005,22(5):614-622.
[26]余国营,吴燕玉,王新.重金属复合污染对大豆生长的影响及其综合评价研究[J].应用生态学报,1995,6(4):433-439.
[2]Simmons R W,Pongsakul P,Saiyasitpanich D,et al..Elevated levels of cadmium and zinc in paddy soils and elevated levels of cadmium in rice grain downstream of a zinc mineralized area in Thailand:Implication for public health[J].Environ.Geochem.Health,2005,27(5/6):501-511.
[3]Rahman M,Hasegawa H,Islam M,et al..Arsenicaccumulation in rice(Oryza sativa L.)varieties of Bangladesh:A glass house study[J].Water Air Soil Poll.,2007,185(1):53-61.
[4]刘文菊,胡莹,毕淑芹,等.苗期水稻吸收和转运砷的基因型差异研究[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(6):356-360.
[5]Sahrawatk L.Iron toxicity in wetland rice and the role of other nutrients[J].J.Plant Nutr.,2004,27(8):1471-1504.
[6]刘志彦,田耀武,陈桂珠.矿区周围稻米重金属积累及健康风险分析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(1):35-40.
[7]Li Z W,Li L Q,Pan G X,et al..Bioavailability of Cd in a soil-rice system in China:Soil type versus genotype effects[J].Plant Soil,2005,271:165-173.
[8]Shi J,Li L Q,Pan G X.Variation of grain Cd and Zn concentrations of hybrid rice cultivars grown in a low-Cd paddy soil[J].J.Environ.Sci.,2009,21(2):1-5.
[9]史静,李正文,伟群,等.2种常规水稻Cd、Zn吸收与器官分配的生育期变化:品种、土壤和Cd处理的影响[J].生态毒理学报,2007,2(1):32-40.
[10]成颜君,龚伟群,李恋卿,等.2种杂交水稻对2种不同土壤中Cd吸收与分配的比较[J].农业环境学报,2008,27(5):1895-1900.
[11]蔡美芳,党志,文震,等.矿区周围土壤中重金属危害性评估研究[J].生态环境,2004,13(1):6-8.
[12]广东农村统计年鉴编辑委员会.广东农村统计年鉴[C].北京:中国统计出版社,2014,185-195.
[13]周歆,周航,胡淼,等.不同杂交水稻品种糙米中重金属Cd、Zn、As含量的差异研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,(11):145-150.
[14]GB 5009.12-2010食品中铅的测定[S].北京:中华人民共和国卫生部,2010.
[15]GB 5009.15-2010食品中镉的测定[S].北京:中华人民共和国卫生部,2014.
[16]GB/T 5009.11-2003食品中总砷及无机砷的测定[S].北京:中华人民共和国卫生部,2003.
[17]GB 2762-2012食品中污染物限量[S].北京:中华人民共和国卫生部,2010.
[18]GB 13078-2001饲料卫生标准[S].北京:中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,2001.
[19]Pejic B,Vukcevic M,Kostic M,et al..Biosorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions by short hemp fibers:effect of chemical composition[J].J.Hazard.Mater.,2009,164:146-153.
[20]Pino G H,Mesquita S,Maria M L,et al..Biosorption of cadmium by green coconut shell powder[J].Minerals Eng.,2006,19:380-387.
[21]Usarat T,Chongrak P.Evaluation of phosphate fertilizers for the stabilization of cadmium in highly contaminated soils[J].J.Hazard.Mater.,2009,165:1109-1113.
[22]Zhang X F,Xia H P,Li Z A,et al..Identification of a new potential Cd hyperaccumulator Solanum photeinocarpum by soil seed bank-metal concentration gradient method[J].J.Hazard.Mater.,2011,189:414-419.
[23]柯庆明,梁康迳,林文雄,等.基因型与环境互作对食用稻米重金属积累特性遗传相关性的影响研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,14(1):24-27.
[24]杨居荣,查燕,刘虹.污染稻、麦籽实中Cd,Cu,Pb的分布及其存在形态初探[J].中国环境科学,1999,19(6):500-504.
[25]徐加宽,杨连新,王余龙,等.水稻对重金属元素的吸收与分配机理的研究进展[J].植物学通报,2005,22(5):614-622.
[26]余国营,吴燕玉,王新.重金属复合污染对大豆生长的影响及其综合评价研究[J].应用生态学报,1995,6(4):433-439.