电子式电流互感器传变特性测试与分析
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摘要
目前,由于缺乏有效而实用的综合测试平台,开展不同原理电子式电流互感器(ECT)在实际工况下的计量准确度和保护传变特性试验还很少。文中分析了影响ECT准确度和传变特性的关键因素和环节,研制出能够模拟不同运行负荷、环境条件、功率因数、通信异常、一次侧故障等工况下电子式互感器性能测试研究平台,开展了ECT稳态准确度测试、ECT谐波特性与频率混叠测试以及故障下的ECT暂态特性测试。对不同厂家不同原理的ECT测试,发现在稳态误差方面低功率电流互感器测量准确度以及稳定性优于全光纤电流互感器。谐波特性方面随着频率增加,低功率电流互感器的比值误差相对稳定,而罗氏线圈会增大,相位误差两者总体呈现增大趋势;各厂家ECT均存在不同程度频率混叠;全光纤电流互感器能够可靠地传变故障引起的暂态量,而低功率电流互感器在含有直流分量下易饱和,罗氏线圈电流互感器受积分环节影响很大,容易出现超差。
At present,due to the lack of an effective and practical integrated test platform,there are few tests on measurement accuracy and protection transfer characteristics of electronic current transformers(ECTs)with different principles under actual working conditions.This paper analyzes the key factors and links that affect the accuracy and transfer characteristics of ECT and develops a platform for simulating the performance of electronic transformers under different operation loads,environmental conditions,power factors,communication anomalies and primary side faults.The ECT steady state accuracy test,the ECT harmonic characteristics and frequency aliasing test and the ECT transient characteristic test under the fault are carried out.Through the test of ECTs of different manufacturers and different principles,it is found that the measurement accuracy and stability of low power current transformer(LPCT)are better than that of all-fiber optic current transformer(FOCT)in terms of steady-state error.With the increase of frequency,the ratio error of LPCT is relatively stable,and the Rogowski coil will increase,and the phase error shows an overall increasing trend.There are varying degrees of frequency aliasing in ECT of various manufacturers.FOCT can reliably transmit transient parameters caused by fault,while LPCT is easy to saturate under DC component,and the Rogowski coil is greatly affected by integral link,which causes serious error.
At present,due to the lack of an effective and practical integrated test platform,there are few tests on measurement accuracy and protection transfer characteristics of electronic current transformers(ECTs)with different principles under actual working conditions.This paper analyzes the key factors and links that affect the accuracy and transfer characteristics of ECT and develops a platform for simulating the performance of electronic transformers under different operation loads,environmental conditions,power factors,communication anomalies and primary side faults.The ECT steady state accuracy test,the ECT harmonic characteristics and frequency aliasing test and the ECT transient characteristic test under the fault are carried out.Through the test of ECTs of different manufacturers and different principles,it is found that the measurement accuracy and stability of low power current transformer(LPCT)are better than that of all-fiber optic current transformer(FOCT)in terms of steady-state error.With the increase of frequency,the ratio error of LPCT is relatively stable,and the Rogowski coil will increase,and the phase error shows an overall increasing trend.There are varying degrees of frequency aliasing in ECT of various manufacturers.FOCT can reliably transmit transient parameters caused by fault,while LPCT is easy to saturate under DC component,and the Rogowski coil is greatly affected by integral link,which causes serious error.
引文
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[15]SHORT S X,TANTASWADI P.An experimental study of acoustic vibration effects in optical fiber current sensors[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1996,11(4):1702-1706.
[16]王立辉,杨志新,殷明慧,等.数字闭环光纤电流互感器动态特性仿真与测试[J].仪器仪表学报,2010,31(8):1890-1895.WANG Lihui,YANG Zhixin,YIN Minghui,et al.Simulation and test of dynamic performances of digital closed-loop fiber optic current transducer[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2010,31(8):1890-1895.
[17]互感器第八部分:电子式电流互感器:GB/T 20840.8-2007[S].2007.Instrument transformers:Part 8 electronic current transformers:GB/T 20840.8-2007[S].2007.
[2]傅闯,饶宏,黎小林.交直流混合电网中直流50Hz和100Hz保护研究[J].电力系统自动化,2008,35(12):57-60.FU Chuang,RAO Hong,LI Xiaolin.HVDC 50Hz and 100Hz protection of AC/DC hybrid transmission system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2008,32(12):57-60.
[3]肖浩,刘博阳,湾世伟,等.全光纤电流互感器的温度误差补偿技术[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(21):91-95.XIAO Hao,LIU Boyang,WAN Shiwei,et al.Temperature error compensation technology of all-fiber optical current transformers[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(21):91-95.
[4]邵霞,彭红海,王娜.适用于智能电网电能质量检测的双积分型电子式电压互感器[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(13):156-161.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20161130025.SHAO Xia,PENG Honghai,WANG Na.Electronic voltage transformer based on double integrator for power quality detection in smart grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(13):156-161.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20161130025.
[5]徐雁,朱凯,张艳,等.直流光电电流互感器运行及分析[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(13):97-100.XU Yan,ZHU Kai,ZHANG Yan,et al.Operation and analysis of direct current optical-electronic current transformer[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2008,32(13):97-100.
[6]BOHNERT K,GABUS P,NEHRING J,et al.Temperature and vibration insensitive fiber-optic current sensor[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2002,20(2):267-276.
[7]李振华,李闯,李振兴,等.数字量输出电子式电压互感器的高精度在线校验方法[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(13):163-167.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20140703009.LI Zhenhua,LI Chuang,LI Zhenxing,et al.A high accuracy on-line calibration method for electronic voltage transformers with digital output[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(13):163-167.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20140703009.
[8]童悦,李红斌,张明明,等.一种全数字化高压电流互感器在线校验系统[J].电工技术学报,2010,24(8):59-64.TONG Yue,LI Hongbin,ZHANG Mingming,et al.A full digital high voltage current transformer online calibration system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,24(8):59-64.
[9]马永跃,黄梅.数字量输出型电子式互感器校验系统的研制[J].电力系统保护与控制,2010,38(1):83-86.MA Yongyue,HUANG Mei.The development of digital output of electronic transformer calibration system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2010,38(1):83-86.
[10]姚东晓,吕利娟,倪传坤,等.应用于空心线圈电子式互感器的双环数字积分器设计[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(6):96-100.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150520002.YAO Dongxiao,LYU Lijuan,NI Chuankun,et al.Dual loop digital integrator design for Rogowski coil electronic transformer[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(6):96-100.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150520002.
[11]李伟,尹项根,陈德树,等.基于Rogowski线圈的电子式电流互感器暂态特性研究[J].电力自动化设备,2008,28(10):34-37.LI Wei,YIN Xianggen,CHEN Deshu,et al.Transient characteristics of Rogowski coil-based current sensor[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2008,28(10):34-37.
[12]何瑞文,蔡泽祥,王奕,等.空心线圈电流互感器传变特性及其对继电保护的适应性分析[J].电网技术,2013,37(5):1471-1476.HE Ruiwen,CAI Zexiang,WANG Yi,et al.Analysis on transfer characteristics of air-core current transformer and its adaptability to relay protection[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(5):1471-1476.
[13]刘延冰,李红斌,叶国雄,等.电子式互感器原理、技术及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.LIU Yanbing,LI Hongbin,YE Guoxiong,et al.The principle,technology and application of electronic instrument transformer[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.
[14]BLAKE J,TANTASWADIAND P,DE CARVALHO R T.In-line Sagnac interferometer current sensor[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,1996,11(1):116-121.
[15]SHORT S X,TANTASWADI P.An experimental study of acoustic vibration effects in optical fiber current sensors[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1996,11(4):1702-1706.
[16]王立辉,杨志新,殷明慧,等.数字闭环光纤电流互感器动态特性仿真与测试[J].仪器仪表学报,2010,31(8):1890-1895.WANG Lihui,YANG Zhixin,YIN Minghui,et al.Simulation and test of dynamic performances of digital closed-loop fiber optic current transducer[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2010,31(8):1890-1895.
[17]互感器第八部分:电子式电流互感器:GB/T 20840.8-2007[S].2007.Instrument transformers:Part 8 electronic current transformers:GB/T 20840.8-2007[S].2007.