城市道路交叉口处颗粒物空间分布规律
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摘要
为了在宏观上掌握交叉口处颗粒物的分布规律,通过采集北京市多个交叉口处的颗粒物质量浓度,并进一步分析颗粒物质量浓度与交通特性之间的相关关系以及数据之间的拟合估计,建立交叉口处颗粒物的空间扩散模型,最终得出颗粒物在城市道路交叉口处的分布规律,即:颗粒物质量浓度在交叉口处横向断面上的分布基本呈现中央较高,随后向两侧递减的趋势;颗粒物在交叉口处50 m范围内纵断面上的扩散规律为越靠近交叉口停车线的点位颗粒物质量浓度越高,波动越大,且人行道上的纵向分布波动性高于机动车道的波动性;颗粒物PM_(2.5)与颗粒物PM_(10)规律一致.
To grasp the distribution law of particulate matter at an intersection,by collecting the concentrations of particulate matter at many intersections in Beijing and further analyzing the correlation between particle concentration and traffic characteristics and fitting estimation of data,a spatial diffusion model of particulates at the intersection was established. Finally,the distribution of particles at the intersection of urban roads was obtained. Results show that the distribution of particulate matter on the cross section of the intersection is higher in the center and then decreases to the two sides. The higher the concentration of particulate matter at the point near the intersection parking line is,the greater the fluctuation is. The fluctuation of the particle concentration on the sidewalk is higher than that on the driveway. The regularity of PM_(2.5) in particulate matter is consistent with that of PM_(10) in particulate matter.
To grasp the distribution law of particulate matter at an intersection,by collecting the concentrations of particulate matter at many intersections in Beijing and further analyzing the correlation between particle concentration and traffic characteristics and fitting estimation of data,a spatial diffusion model of particulates at the intersection was established. Finally,the distribution of particles at the intersection of urban roads was obtained. Results show that the distribution of particulate matter on the cross section of the intersection is higher in the center and then decreases to the two sides. The higher the concentration of particulate matter at the point near the intersection parking line is,the greater the fluctuation is. The fluctuation of the particle concentration on the sidewalk is higher than that on the driveway. The regularity of PM_(2.5) in particulate matter is consistent with that of PM_(10) in particulate matter.
引文
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[16]施益强,王坚,曹超,等.基于GIS的厦门市区机动车尾气扩散模拟[J].集美大学学报(自然科学版),2010,15(6):466-470.SHI Y Q,WANG J,CAO C,et al.Diffusion simulation of automobile emission in urban area od Xiamen city based on GIS[J].Journal of Jimei University(Natural Science),2010,15(6):466-470.(in Chinese)
[2]BENSON P E.CALINE 4-A dispersion model for predicting air pollutant concentrations near roadways[J].Carbon Monoxide,1984,37(51):42-53.
[3]CARRUTHERS D J,HOLROYD R J,HUNT J C R,et al.UK-ADMS:a new approach to modelling dispersion in the earth’s atmospheric boundary layer[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1994,52(94):139-153.
[4]SNYDER M G,VENKATRAM A,HEIST D K,et al.RLINE:a line source dispersion model for near-surface releases[J].Atmosenviron,2013,77:748-756.
[5]陈璐,赵东风,薛建良,等.环境空气中PM2.5的分布特征及来源解析[J].现代化工,2013,33(9):5-8.CHEN L,ZHAO D F,XUE J L,et al.Distribution characterization and source apportionment of PM2.5in China[J].Modern Chemical Industry,2013,33(9):5-8.(in Chinese)
[6]杨文涛,姚诗琪,邓敏,等.北京市PM2.5时空分布特征及其与PM10关系的时空变异特征[J].环境科学,2018,39(2):684-690.YAO W T,YAO S Q,DENG M,et al.Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of PM2.5and spatio-temporal variation characteristics of the relationship between PM2.5and PM10in Beijing[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(2):684-690.(in Chinese)
[7]谢绍东,宋翔宇,申新华.用COPERTⅢ模型计算中国机动车排放因子[J].环境科学,2006,27(3):415-419.XIE S D,SONG X Y,SHEN X H.Caculating vehicular emission factors with COPERTⅢmode in China[J].Environmental Science,2006,27(3):415-419.(in Chinese)
[8]蔡皓,谢绍东.中国不同排放标准机动车排放因子的确定[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2010,46(3):319-326.CAI H,XIE S D.Determination of emission factors from motor vehicles ender different emission standards in China[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2010,46(3):319-326.(in Chinese)
[9]李修刚,杨晓光,王玮,等.用于城市交通规划的机动车污染物排放因子[J].交通运输工程学报,2001(4):87-91.LI X G,YANG X G,WANG W,et al.Motor vehicles exhaust emission factors for urban transportation planning[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,2001(4):87-91.(in Chinese)
[10]马因韬,刘启汉,雷国强,等.机动车排放模型的应用及其适用性比较[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2008,44(2):308-316.MA Y T,LIU Q H,LEI G Q,et al.Application of vehicular emission models and comparison of their adaptability[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2008,44(2):308-316.(in Chinese)
[11]宋翔宇,谢绍东.中国机动车排放清单的建立[J].环境科学,2006,27(6):1041-1045.SONG X Y,XIE S D.Development of vehicular emission inventory in China[J].Environmental Science,2006,27(6):1041-1045.(in Chinese)
[12]史锐,张红,尹卫霞.应用OSPM模型计算太原市交通大气污染时空分布[J].环境科学与管理,2010,35(10):20-24.SHI R,ZHANG H,YIN W X.Application of OSPMmodel in calculation of spatio-temporal distribution of traffic air pollution[J].Environmental Science and Management,2010,35(10):20-24.(in Chinese)
[13]尹翠琴,金腊华.CALINE4模式在广州市街东高速公路机动车尾气污染预测评价中的应用[J].暨南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(3):276-280.YIN C Q,JIN L H.Application of the CALINE4 model on motor vehicles emission in forecast assessment of expressway construction on Jiedong in Guangzhou city[J].Journal of Jinan University(Natural Science),2008,29(3):276-280.(in Chinese)
[14]付甫刚,马旭东,周晓娟.CALINE4模式在贵州省安顺至紫云高速公路机动车尾气污染环境影响评价中的应用[J].三峡环境与生态,2011(2):53-57.FU F G,MA X D,ZHOU X J.Application of the CALINE4 model in motor vehicles emission in environmental impact assessment of expressway construction on Anshun to Ziyun in Guizhou province[J].Environment and Ecology in the Three Gorges,2011(2):53-57.(in Chinese)
[15]刘振山,刘闽.沈阳市ADMS-Urban在机动车尾气扩散上的应用研究[J].环境保护科学,2004,24(6):86-89.LIU Z S,LIU M.Validation and application of ADMS-Urban in Shenyang[J].Environmental Protection Science,2004,24(6):86-89.(in Chinese)
[16]施益强,王坚,曹超,等.基于GIS的厦门市区机动车尾气扩散模拟[J].集美大学学报(自然科学版),2010,15(6):466-470.SHI Y Q,WANG J,CAO C,et al.Diffusion simulation of automobile emission in urban area od Xiamen city based on GIS[J].Journal of Jimei University(Natural Science),2010,15(6):466-470.(in Chinese)