基于地理探测器的流域土壤磷流失影响因素分析
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摘要
基于修正的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)和地理探测器,定量分析了甘肃白龙江流域土壤磷流失的空间分异及其影响因素.结果表明:①2014年流域平均土壤磷流失量为0.214 t·km~(-2)·a~(-1),流失总量为3945.38 t·a~(-1);②磷流失空间分布较为破碎,热点区集中于迭部北部和舟曲东北部等高山区及舟曲、文县和武都三区县交界的低山河谷区,冷点区集聚于宕昌北部耕作区和文县南部森林保护区;③流域磷流失的空间分异主要受土地利用和地形的影响,农牧业生产也发挥了一定作用,磷流失整体表现为随海拔和坡度的抬升而增加,草地>林地>耕地;④流域及其内部冷热区影响因素差异较大,这是由各区地理环境协同差异所致,最大交互因子分别为土壤类型∩景观破碎度、土壤类型∩植被覆盖度、降水∩第一产业从业人口比重.在流域磷流失治理中,应合理安排农牧业生产,在提高植被覆盖度的同时降低景观破碎度.
Based on revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE) and geographical detector, the spatial variation and its influencing factors of soil phosphorus loss in the Bailongjiang Watershed of Gansu were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed as below:①The mean soil phosphorus loss and total loss in the watershed was 0.214 t·km~(-2)·a~(-1) and 3945.38 t·a~(-1) in 2014, respectively. ②The spatial distribution of phosphorus loss was relatively fragmented. The hotspots ware concentrated in the high mountains in the north of Diebu, the northeast of Zhouqu, and the low valleys in the border areas of Zhouqu, Wenxian and Wudu. Coldspots ware gathered in the northern cultivated area of Tanchang and the southern forest reserve of Wenxian. ③The spatial differentiation of phosphorus loss in the watershed was mainly affected by land use and topography. Also, the agricultural and livestock production have influences on phosphorus loss. It is expressed as grassland> woodland> farmland, and the overall performance was increased with elevation and slope uplift. ④There was a large difference between the hotspots, coldspots and the watershed, which was caused by the synergistic effect of geographical environmental factors in each regions. The maximum interaction factors of the watershed and its inner hotspots and coldspots region were soil type∩landscape fragmentation, precipitation∩the proportion of the employed population in the primary industry, soil type∩vegetation coverage. For the treatment of phosphate loss in the watershed, the agricultural and livestock production should be arranged reasonably, and the degree of landscape fragmentation should be reduced while increasing the vegetation coverage.
Based on revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE) and geographical detector, the spatial variation and its influencing factors of soil phosphorus loss in the Bailongjiang Watershed of Gansu were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed as below:①The mean soil phosphorus loss and total loss in the watershed was 0.214 t·km~(-2)·a~(-1) and 3945.38 t·a~(-1) in 2014, respectively. ②The spatial distribution of phosphorus loss was relatively fragmented. The hotspots ware concentrated in the high mountains in the north of Diebu, the northeast of Zhouqu, and the low valleys in the border areas of Zhouqu, Wenxian and Wudu. Coldspots ware gathered in the northern cultivated area of Tanchang and the southern forest reserve of Wenxian. ③The spatial differentiation of phosphorus loss in the watershed was mainly affected by land use and topography. Also, the agricultural and livestock production have influences on phosphorus loss. It is expressed as grassland> woodland> farmland, and the overall performance was increased with elevation and slope uplift. ④There was a large difference between the hotspots, coldspots and the watershed, which was caused by the synergistic effect of geographical environmental factors in each regions. The maximum interaction factors of the watershed and its inner hotspots and coldspots region were soil type∩landscape fragmentation, precipitation∩the proportion of the employed population in the primary industry, soil type∩vegetation coverage. For the treatment of phosphate loss in the watershed, the agricultural and livestock production should be arranged reasonably, and the degree of landscape fragmentation should be reduced while increasing the vegetation coverage.
引文
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陈世发.2015.基于 GIS 的亚热带山地土地利用与土壤侵蚀关系研究—以粤北山区为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,29(2):80-85
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樊慧慧,李如忠,裴婷婷,等.2016.合肥城郊典型农业小流域土壤磷形态及淋失风险分析[J].环境科学, 37(1):148-154
范晓娟,张丽萍,邓龙洲,等.2017.植被覆盖和施肥对不同坡长坡地总磷流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,31(6):27-32
范晓娟,张丽萍,邓龙洲,等.2018.我国东南典型侵蚀区坡地磷素流失机制模拟研究[J].环境科学学报,38(6):2409-2417
高海东,李占斌,李鹏,等.2015.基于土壤侵蚀控制度的黄土高原水土流失治理潜力研究[J].地理学报,70(9):1503-1515
Hidayat Y,Murtilaksono K,Sinukaban N.2012.Characterization of surface runoff,soil erosion and nutrient loss on forest-agriculture landscape[J].Jurnal Tanah Tropika,17(3):259-266
Ju H R,Zhang Z X,Zuo L J,et al.2016.Driving forces and their interactions of built-up land expansion based on the geographical detector-a case study of Beijing,China[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,30(11):1-20
Li Y J,Zhang L W,Yan J P,et al.2017.Mapping the hotspots and coldspots of ecosystem services in conservation priority setting[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,27(6):681-696
李瀚之,余新晓,樊登星,等.2017.不同覆盖措施对褐土养分流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,31(3):22-26
李月臣,刘春霞,赵纯勇,等.2009.三峡库区(重庆段)土壤侵蚀敏感性评价及其空间分异特征[J].生态学报,29(2):788-796
刘春芳,王川,刘立程.2018.三大自然区过渡带生境质量时空差异及形成机制—以榆中县为例[J].地理研究,37(2):219-432
刘焱序,徐光,姜洪源,等.2015.东北林区生态系统服务与健康协同分析[J].地理科学进展, 34(6):761-771
Liu B Y,Nearing M A,Risse L M.1994.Slope gradient effects on soil loss for steep slopes[J].Transactions of the ASAE,37(6):1835-1840
McCool D K,Brown L G,Foster G R,et al.1987.Revised slope steepness factor for the universal soil loss equation[J].Trans ASAE,30(5):1387-1396
Peng L,Yang X P.2016.Landscape spatial patterns in the Mu Us Sandy Land in the northern China and their impact factors[J].Catena,145:321-333
Rodríguez-Blanco M L,Taboada-Castro M M,Taboada-Castro M T.2013.Phosphorus transport into a stream draining from a mixed land usecatchment in Galicia(NW Spain):Significance of runoff events[J].Journal of Hydrology,48:12-21
史佳良,王秀茹,李淑芳,等.2016.次降雨过程中北京市不同土地利用方式下土壤养分流失特征[J].水土保持学报,30(5):58-64
汤萃文,张忠明,肖笃宁,等.2012.祁连山石羊河上游山区土壤侵蚀的环境因子特征分析[J].冰川冻土,34(1):105-113
唐湘伟,王全九,陶汪海.2018.基于RUSLE模型因子的坡地土壤硝态氮地表径流流失经验公式[J].水土保持学报,32(2):19-26
Wang J F,Hu Y.2012.Environmental health risk detection with geodetector[J].Environmental Modelling & Software,33:114-115
Wischmeier W H,Smith D D.1978.Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses: A Guide to Conversation Planning with Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)[M].Washington,USA:Department of Agriculture
王红兵,许炯心,颜明.2011.影响土壤侵蚀的社会经济因素研究进展[J].地理科学进展,30(3):268-27
王占礼.2000.中国土壤侵蚀影响因素及其危害分析[J].农业工程学报,16(4):32-36
乌玲瑛,严力蛟.2014.基于GIS和RUSLE模型道路对土壤侵蚀格局的影响研究—以浙江省杭金衢高速诸暨段为例[J].生态学报,34(19):5659-5669
吴东,黄志霖,肖文发,等.2015.三峡库区典型退耕还林模式土壤养分流失控制[J].环境科学,36(10):3825-3831
夏文韬.2010.基于MOP及3S技术的甘南牧区草畜平衡决策研究[D].兰州: 兰州大学
徐国策,李占斌,李鹏,等.2013.丹江鹦鹉沟小流域土壤侵蚀和养分损失定量分析[J].农业工程学报,29(10):160-168
Xiao Y,Ouyang Z Y,Xu W H,et al.2016.Optimizing hotspot areas for ecological planning and management based on biodiversity and ecosystem services[J].Chinese Geographical Science,26(2):256-269
徐晓雅,高翔宇,顾泽贤,等.2017.澜沧县土地利用变化和土壤侵蚀特征分析[J].河南农业大学学报,51(3):421-429
叶妍君,齐清文,姜莉莉,等.2018.基于地理探测器的黑龙江垦区农场粮食产量影响因素分析[J].地理研究,37(1):171-182
怡凯,王诗阳,王雪,等.2015.基于RUSLE模型的土壤侵蚀时空分异特征分析—以辽宁省朝阳市为例[J].地理科学,35(3):365-372
湛东升,张文忠,余建辉,等.2015.基于地理探测器的北京市居民宜居满意度影响机理[J].地理科学进展,34(8):966-975
张科利,彭文英,杨红丽.2007.中国土壤可蚀性值及其估算[J].土壤学报,4(1):7-13
张玲玲.2016.甘肃白龙江流域生态系统服务评估及影响因素[D].兰州:兰州大学
章文波,谢云,刘宝元.2003.中国降雨侵蚀力空间变化特征[J].山地学报,21(1):33-40
赵明松,李德成,张甘霖,等.2016.基于RUSLE模型的安徽省土壤侵蚀及其养分流失评估[J].土壤学报,53(1):28-38
Zhang L,Fu B,Lü Y,et al.2015.Balancing multiple ecosystem services in conservation priority setting[J].Landscape Ecology,30(3):535-546
赵旭珍,李纯乾.2016.不同下垫面条件下土壤养分流失研究概况[J].中国农学通报,32(21):129-133
Cunha E R D,Bacani V M,Panachuki E.2017.Modeling soil erosion using RUSLE and GIS in a watershed occupied by rural settlement in the Brazilian Cerrado[J].Natural Hazards,85: 1-18
陈世发.2015.基于 GIS 的亚热带山地土地利用与土壤侵蚀关系研究—以粤北山区为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,29(2):80-85
陈思旭,杨小唤,肖林林,等.2014.基于RUSLE模型的南方丘陵山区土壤侵蚀研究[J].资源科学,36 (6):1288-1297
Du E,Jackson C R,Klaus J,et al.2016.Interflow dynamics on a low relief forested hillslope: Lots of fill,little spill[J].Journal of Hydrology,534(271):648-658
樊慧慧,李如忠,裴婷婷,等.2016.合肥城郊典型农业小流域土壤磷形态及淋失风险分析[J].环境科学, 37(1):148-154
范晓娟,张丽萍,邓龙洲,等.2017.植被覆盖和施肥对不同坡长坡地总磷流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,31(6):27-32
范晓娟,张丽萍,邓龙洲,等.2018.我国东南典型侵蚀区坡地磷素流失机制模拟研究[J].环境科学学报,38(6):2409-2417
高海东,李占斌,李鹏,等.2015.基于土壤侵蚀控制度的黄土高原水土流失治理潜力研究[J].地理学报,70(9):1503-1515
Hidayat Y,Murtilaksono K,Sinukaban N.2012.Characterization of surface runoff,soil erosion and nutrient loss on forest-agriculture landscape[J].Jurnal Tanah Tropika,17(3):259-266
Ju H R,Zhang Z X,Zuo L J,et al.2016.Driving forces and their interactions of built-up land expansion based on the geographical detector-a case study of Beijing,China[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,30(11):1-20
Li Y J,Zhang L W,Yan J P,et al.2017.Mapping the hotspots and coldspots of ecosystem services in conservation priority setting[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,27(6):681-696
李瀚之,余新晓,樊登星,等.2017.不同覆盖措施对褐土养分流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,31(3):22-26
李月臣,刘春霞,赵纯勇,等.2009.三峡库区(重庆段)土壤侵蚀敏感性评价及其空间分异特征[J].生态学报,29(2):788-796
刘春芳,王川,刘立程.2018.三大自然区过渡带生境质量时空差异及形成机制—以榆中县为例[J].地理研究,37(2):219-432
刘焱序,徐光,姜洪源,等.2015.东北林区生态系统服务与健康协同分析[J].地理科学进展, 34(6):761-771
Liu B Y,Nearing M A,Risse L M.1994.Slope gradient effects on soil loss for steep slopes[J].Transactions of the ASAE,37(6):1835-1840
McCool D K,Brown L G,Foster G R,et al.1987.Revised slope steepness factor for the universal soil loss equation[J].Trans ASAE,30(5):1387-1396
Peng L,Yang X P.2016.Landscape spatial patterns in the Mu Us Sandy Land in the northern China and their impact factors[J].Catena,145:321-333
Rodríguez-Blanco M L,Taboada-Castro M M,Taboada-Castro M T.2013.Phosphorus transport into a stream draining from a mixed land usecatchment in Galicia(NW Spain):Significance of runoff events[J].Journal of Hydrology,48:12-21
史佳良,王秀茹,李淑芳,等.2016.次降雨过程中北京市不同土地利用方式下土壤养分流失特征[J].水土保持学报,30(5):58-64
汤萃文,张忠明,肖笃宁,等.2012.祁连山石羊河上游山区土壤侵蚀的环境因子特征分析[J].冰川冻土,34(1):105-113
唐湘伟,王全九,陶汪海.2018.基于RUSLE模型因子的坡地土壤硝态氮地表径流流失经验公式[J].水土保持学报,32(2):19-26
Wang J F,Hu Y.2012.Environmental health risk detection with geodetector[J].Environmental Modelling & Software,33:114-115
Wischmeier W H,Smith D D.1978.Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses: A Guide to Conversation Planning with Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)[M].Washington,USA:Department of Agriculture
王红兵,许炯心,颜明.2011.影响土壤侵蚀的社会经济因素研究进展[J].地理科学进展,30(3):268-27
王占礼.2000.中国土壤侵蚀影响因素及其危害分析[J].农业工程学报,16(4):32-36
乌玲瑛,严力蛟.2014.基于GIS和RUSLE模型道路对土壤侵蚀格局的影响研究—以浙江省杭金衢高速诸暨段为例[J].生态学报,34(19):5659-5669
吴东,黄志霖,肖文发,等.2015.三峡库区典型退耕还林模式土壤养分流失控制[J].环境科学,36(10):3825-3831
夏文韬.2010.基于MOP及3S技术的甘南牧区草畜平衡决策研究[D].兰州: 兰州大学
徐国策,李占斌,李鹏,等.2013.丹江鹦鹉沟小流域土壤侵蚀和养分损失定量分析[J].农业工程学报,29(10):160-168
Xiao Y,Ouyang Z Y,Xu W H,et al.2016.Optimizing hotspot areas for ecological planning and management based on biodiversity and ecosystem services[J].Chinese Geographical Science,26(2):256-269
徐晓雅,高翔宇,顾泽贤,等.2017.澜沧县土地利用变化和土壤侵蚀特征分析[J].河南农业大学学报,51(3):421-429
叶妍君,齐清文,姜莉莉,等.2018.基于地理探测器的黑龙江垦区农场粮食产量影响因素分析[J].地理研究,37(1):171-182
怡凯,王诗阳,王雪,等.2015.基于RUSLE模型的土壤侵蚀时空分异特征分析—以辽宁省朝阳市为例[J].地理科学,35(3):365-372
湛东升,张文忠,余建辉,等.2015.基于地理探测器的北京市居民宜居满意度影响机理[J].地理科学进展,34(8):966-975
张科利,彭文英,杨红丽.2007.中国土壤可蚀性值及其估算[J].土壤学报,4(1):7-13
张玲玲.2016.甘肃白龙江流域生态系统服务评估及影响因素[D].兰州:兰州大学
章文波,谢云,刘宝元.2003.中国降雨侵蚀力空间变化特征[J].山地学报,21(1):33-40
赵明松,李德成,张甘霖,等.2016.基于RUSLE模型的安徽省土壤侵蚀及其养分流失评估[J].土壤学报,53(1):28-38
Zhang L,Fu B,Lü Y,et al.2015.Balancing multiple ecosystem services in conservation priority setting[J].Landscape Ecology,30(3):535-546
赵旭珍,李纯乾.2016.不同下垫面条件下土壤养分流失研究概况[J].中国农学通报,32(21):129-133