2018年5月佛山市持续性高温天气成因初探
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摘要
利用NCEP再分析、Micaps高空资料和地面气象观测站资料对2018年5月18—31日发生在佛山的持续性高温天气过程进行分析,结果表明:西太平洋副热带高压稳定西伸是对流层整层高压系统的表现,其长时间的稳定维持是造成该次持续性高温天气过程的主要原因;副高中心的下沉增温配合低相对湿度和长日照时数可出现37℃以上的灾害性炎热天气;对于少数高温日除副高作用外,"焚风效应"也有一定的贡献;当低云量≤6成时,10:00的气温≥30℃并且10:00的2 min平均风速≤2级时,可作为5月高温预警信号发布指标。
Using the NCEP reanalysis, Micaps upper-level data and observations from surface sites, a persistent high-temperature weather process is studied that happened in Foshan on May 18-31, 2018. The result is shown as follows. The steady westward extension of a western Pacific subtropical high reflects the behavior of a high pressure system throughout the whole troposphere, whose stability and maintenance over extended time was the main cause for this persistent process of high-temperature weather. The descending and warming of the atmosphere over the center of the subtropical high was accompanied with low relative humidity and long hours of sunshine, resulting in disastrously scorching heat that was more than 37℃. For a few high-temperature days, the so-called "foehn effect" also had some contribution in addition to the effect of the subtropical high. When the low-cloud amount is equal to or less than 60%, air temperature is equal to or more than 30℃ and 2-min average wind at 10:00 is equal to or less than Grade Two, a pre-warning signal can be issued for an upcoming weather of persistent high temperature in May.
Using the NCEP reanalysis, Micaps upper-level data and observations from surface sites, a persistent high-temperature weather process is studied that happened in Foshan on May 18-31, 2018. The result is shown as follows. The steady westward extension of a western Pacific subtropical high reflects the behavior of a high pressure system throughout the whole troposphere, whose stability and maintenance over extended time was the main cause for this persistent process of high-temperature weather. The descending and warming of the atmosphere over the center of the subtropical high was accompanied with low relative humidity and long hours of sunshine, resulting in disastrously scorching heat that was more than 37℃. For a few high-temperature days, the so-called "foehn effect" also had some contribution in addition to the effect of the subtropical high. When the low-cloud amount is equal to or less than 60%, air temperature is equal to or more than 30℃ and 2-min average wind at 10:00 is equal to or less than Grade Two, a pre-warning signal can be issued for an upcoming weather of persistent high temperature in May.
引文
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[3]彭京备,刘舸,孙淑清.2013年我国南方持续性高温天气及副热带高压异常维持的成因分析[J].大气科学,2016,40(5):897-906.
[4]郑祚芳,王迎春.北京夏季持续高温过程特征分析[J].气象,2005,31(10):16-20.
[5]郭媚媚,黄荣,赵桉梆,等.2009 年夏季肇庆罕见高温的天气形势及气象要素分析[J].广东气象,2010,32(5):18-20.
[6]蔡赛缄,谢松元,丁丽佳.潮州市夏季高温气候变化趋势及影响系统[J].广东气象,2010,32(5):23-25.
[7]蔡立青,蔡赛缄,吕海勇.潮州市夏季高温影响因子分析及预报工具建立[J].广东气象,2012,34(3):6-9.
[8]张凌云,刘蕾,王艺,等.近56a柳州高温天气的气候特征及类型分析[J].气象研究与应用,2017,38(4):1-6.
[9]林蟒,刘燕,周亚军.2004年夏季广州市一次罕见高温天气过程[J].广东气象,2005,27(2):1-3.