基于GIS的贵州贵安新区林地景观格局特征分析
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摘要
森林景观格局是指森林景观组成的空间分布和组合特征,分析森林景观格局是研究森林景观功能和动态的基础,为实现林业资源的可持续利用提供依据。以贵安新区林业资源二类调查数据为基础,利用GIS和Fragstats技术,运用景观生态学原理与方法,选取合理的景观指数来探讨分析贵安新区林业景观格局特征。结果表明:研究区林地景观总面积达14 654.50 hm~2,占研究区总面积的30.02%;不同类型林地景观斑块面积差异较大,灌木林地和乔木林地在林地景观类型中占明显优势;林地景观斑块类型以5 hm~2以下的小型斑块为主,中型斑块较少,而大型和超大斑块则极少;林地斑块较为零碎,完整性和连通性较差,存在一定的破碎化现象;林地景观多样性较高,但林地景观分布不均匀且景观丰富度较小;林地景观的聚集度均在80%以上,整体聚集度较高;除乔木林地外,其他各林地景观类型间连续程度不高,未能形成系统的结构且相互联系度较低。
Forest landscape pattern refers to the spatial distribution and combination characteristics of forest landscape composition. Analyzing the forest landscape pattern is the basis for studying the function and dynamics of forest landscape, which provides the basis for realizing the sustainable utilization of forest resources. Based on the second-class survey data of forestry resources in Gui'an New Area, using GIS and Fragstats technology, the principles and methods of landscape ecology, reasonable landscape index was selected to explore and analyze the characteristics of forestry landscape pattern in Gui'an New Area. The results showed that the total area of forest landscape in the study area was 14 654.50 hm~2, accounting for 30.02% of the total area in the study area. The landscape patch area in different types of woodlands was quite different, and shrub and arbor forests were dominant in the landscape types of woodlands. The main types of landscape patches in forest land were small patches less than 5 hm~2, medium patches were few, large and super patches were very few. Forest patches were fragmented, with poor integrity and connectivity, there were some fragmentation phenomena. The diversity of forest landscape was high, but the distribution of forest landscape was uneven and the landscape richness was small. The aggregation degree of forest landscape was above 80%, and the overall aggregation degree was high. Except for arbor forest land, the continuities of other forest land landscape types were not high, the system structure had not been formed and the degree of interconnection was low.
Forest landscape pattern refers to the spatial distribution and combination characteristics of forest landscape composition. Analyzing the forest landscape pattern is the basis for studying the function and dynamics of forest landscape, which provides the basis for realizing the sustainable utilization of forest resources. Based on the second-class survey data of forestry resources in Gui'an New Area, using GIS and Fragstats technology, the principles and methods of landscape ecology, reasonable landscape index was selected to explore and analyze the characteristics of forestry landscape pattern in Gui'an New Area. The results showed that the total area of forest landscape in the study area was 14 654.50 hm~2, accounting for 30.02% of the total area in the study area. The landscape patch area in different types of woodlands was quite different, and shrub and arbor forests were dominant in the landscape types of woodlands. The main types of landscape patches in forest land were small patches less than 5 hm~2, medium patches were few, large and super patches were very few. Forest patches were fragmented, with poor integrity and connectivity, there were some fragmentation phenomena. The diversity of forest landscape was high, but the distribution of forest landscape was uneven and the landscape richness was small. The aggregation degree of forest landscape was above 80%, and the overall aggregation degree was high. Except for arbor forest land, the continuities of other forest land landscape types were not high, the system structure had not been formed and the degree of interconnection was low.
引文
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[26] 苏伟忠,杨英宝.基于景观生态学的城市空间结构研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[2] 韩文权,常禹,胡远满,等.景观格局优化研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(12):1487-1492.
[3] 赵大川,赵选,周远博,等.基于LANDIS的西水林场森林景观动态模拟研究[J].西北林学院学报,2018,33(2):166-172.
[4] 丁圣彦,梁国付.地理环境因素对伊洛河流域森林景观的影响[J].地理研究,2007,26(5):906-914,1071.
[5] 白降丽,彭道黎,庾晓红,等.森林景观生态研究现状与展望[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(8):943-947.
[6] 邬建国.景观生态学中的十大研究论题[J].生态学报,2004,24(9):2074-2076.
[7] ADAMS S M,BEVELHIMER M S,GREELEY M S,et al.Ecological risk assessment in a large river-reservoir:6.Bioindicators of fish population health[J].Environmental toxicology chemistry,1999,18(4):628-640.
[8] 陈辉,刘劲松,曹宇,等.生态风险评价研究进展[J].生态学报,2006,26(5):1558-1566.
[9] ZHANG C Q,DONG B,LIU L,et al.Study on ecological risk assessment for land-use of wetland based on different scale[J] .Journal of the Indian society of remote sensing,2016,44(5):821-288.
[10] 傅伯杰.地理学的新领域——景观生态学[J].生态学杂志,1983,2(4):60-61.
[11] 昌笃.评介Z.纳维等著的《景观生态学》[J].植物生态学与地植物丛刊,1985,9(3):243-244.
[12] 肖笃宁,苏文贵,贺红士.景观生态学的发展和应用[J].生态学杂志,1988,7(6):43-48,55.
[13] 古丽克孜·吐拉克,李新国,刘彬,等.开都河流域下游绿洲景观格局变化分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(3):174-180.
[14] 白军红,欧阳华,崔保山,等.近40年来若尔盖高原高寒湿地景观格局变化[J].生态学报,2008,28(5):2245-2252.
[15] 王永丽,于君宝,董洪芳,等.黄河三角洲滨海湿地的景观格局空间演变分析[J].地理科学,2012,32(6):717-724.
[16] 李月辉,胡远满,常禹,等.大兴安岭呼中林业局森林景观格局变化及其驱动力[J].生态学报,2006,26(10):3347-3357.
[17] 邵景安,李阳兵,魏朝富,等.重庆岩溶区景观格局特征分析[J].地理科学进展,2006,25(5):31-40,132.
[18] 李月辉,吴文,李娜娜,等.森林所有制对景观格局和动物生境的影响研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(7):2056-2062.
[19] 陆元昌,陈敬忠,洪玲霞,等.遥感影像分类技术在森林景观分类评价中的应用研究[J].林业科学研究,2005,18(1):31-35.
[20] QIU J X,TURNER M G.Importance of landscape heterogeneity in sustaining hydrologic ecosystem services in an agricultural watershed[J].Ecosphere,2015,6(11):1-19.
[21] 龚俊杰,杨华,邓华锋.北京明长城沿线景观与生态风险分布格局分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(5):114-120.
[22] 胡艳,杨瑞.宽阔水自然保护区景观格局特征分析[J].生态科学,2018,37(3):184-188.
[23] 张金茜,巩杰,马学成,等.基于GeoDA的甘肃白龙江流域景观破碎化空间关联性[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(5):1476-1483.
[24] 付刚,肖能文,乔梦萍,等.北京市近二十年景观破碎化格局的时空变化[J].生态学报,2017,37(8):2551-2562.
[25] 王升堂,汪洋,孙贤斌,等.基于GIS的大别山区霍山县森林景观格局和特征分析[J].安庆师范学院学报(自然科学版),2016,22(4):100-105.
[26] 苏伟忠,杨英宝.基于景观生态学的城市空间结构研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.