四川省某试验堆外围环境中氚水平
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摘要
目的为调查四川省内某高通量工程试验反应堆(HFETR)外围环境中氚浓度水平。方法 2010年至2014年分析了距离试验堆5 km范围内的江水、浅井水、空气(氚化水蒸汽)和降水样品,样品均按照GB 12375-90《水中氚的分析方法》进行处理,并采用超低本底液体闪烁谱仪测量。结果 HFETR 1 km范围内空气和降水中氚浓度较高,随着监测点位与HFETR的距离增加,氚浓度呈明显下降趋势。江水和浅井水中氚浓度均处于正常水平,说明HFETR在正常运行情况下,氚的排放对环境造成的影响较小。结论成人经各种途径摄入氚的年待积有效剂量最高为2.1×10~(-8)Sv/a,仅占公众年剂量限值的2‰左右。
Objective To investigate tritium concentration in the external environment of a high flux engineering test reactor( HFETR) in Sichuan. Methods The river water,shallow water,air and precipitation samples were collected around the test reactor in a 5 kilometers radius from 2010 to 2014,tritium in the samples was analyzed by an ultra low level liquid scintillation spectrometer according to the GB12375-90《Analytical method of tritium in water》. Results Tritium concentrations in air and precipitation within 1 km of the test reactor are relatively high and the concentration decreases with the increase of the distance between monitoring spot and the test reactor. The concentrations in water and shallow water are at normal levels,indicating that the tritium impact on surrounding areas is very small. Conclusion The annual effective dose intake by the adult is the highest and of 2. 1 × 10~(-8) Sv,it is only about 2 ‰ of the dose limit set for public.
Objective To investigate tritium concentration in the external environment of a high flux engineering test reactor( HFETR) in Sichuan. Methods The river water,shallow water,air and precipitation samples were collected around the test reactor in a 5 kilometers radius from 2010 to 2014,tritium in the samples was analyzed by an ultra low level liquid scintillation spectrometer according to the GB12375-90《Analytical method of tritium in water》. Results Tritium concentrations in air and precipitation within 1 km of the test reactor are relatively high and the concentration decreases with the increase of the distance between monitoring spot and the test reactor. The concentrations in water and shallow water are at normal levels,indicating that the tritium impact on surrounding areas is very small. Conclusion The annual effective dose intake by the adult is the highest and of 2. 1 × 10~(-8) Sv,it is only about 2 ‰ of the dose limit set for public.
引文
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[2]张琳,王莹,刘福亮.近二十年我国大气降水氚浓度及其变化[J].南水北调与水利科技,2008,6(6):94-96.
[3]Patrick A Harms,Ate Visser,Jean E Moran,et al.Distribution of tritium in precipitation and surface water in California[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,534:63-72.
[4]许利华.含氚废水的处理与处置[J].核动力工程,1990,11(3):86-89.
[5]陈前远,龚传德,胡丹,等,核电厂外围辐射环境监测中空气中氚的取样方法初探[J].核电子学与探测技术,2012,32(11):1348-1352.
[6]国家环境保护局.GB 12375-90水中氚的分析方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1990.
[7]中华人民共和国质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T 17982-2000核事故应急情况下公众受照剂量估算的模式和参数[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2000-01.
[8]潘自强.中国核工业30年辐射环境质量评价[M].北京:原子能出版社,1990.
[9]梁海燕,马永福,倪士英,等,秦山核电基地排放氚所致公众内照射剂量估算[J].辐射防护,2010,30(3):160-163.
[10]中华人民共和国质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 18871-2002电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.