2015年四川省核设施周边食品放射性核素含量及所致居民剂量
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摘要
目的检测四川省核设施周边地区食品中天然和人工放射性核素含量,了解四川省食品放射性污染水平。方法采集粮食、蔬菜、奶粉、茶叶和肉类5类食品样品,使用高纯锗(HPGe)γ能谱仪测量样品中~(238)U、~(226)Ra、~(232)Th、~(137)Cs、~(40)K等放射性核素的活度浓度。结果核设施周边与对照区天然放射性核素~(238)U、~(226)Ra、~(232)Th、~(40)K活度浓度基本一致,共有11个检出人工核素~(137)Cs,既有核设施周边的,也有来自对照区的。食物中放射性核素所致居民年待积有效剂量为0.2 8 mSv。结论四川省部分食品样品中检测出人工放射性核素~(137)Cs,为既往核事故及核设施营运释放到大气中放射性核素沉降所致,不能确定与当地核设施有直接关系,其水平很低不会对人体健康有影响。
Objective To invest the concentration both of the the and artificial and natural level radionuclides population.in foodstuff the nuclear facilities in Sichuan,and to analyze powder radioactive tea to Methods The purity samples of grain,vegetables,meat foodstuff,milk were the collected as food samples,high(HPGe)gamma-ray spectrometer was of ~(238)U、~(226)Ra、~(232)Th、~(137)Cs and content germanium used to analyze content the ~(40)K in these between samples.nuclear Results facility There and was no significantly difference on of ~(238)U、~(226)Ra、~(232)Th、~(40)K the contrast areas,~(137)Cs were detected in ~(11 )foodstuffs The from those areas,the ~(137)Cs was effective detected of content of radionuclide in food were was 0.28 from mSv.some Conclusion artificial radionuclide in the food samples those selected had areas with of Sichuan,which local was the radioactive fallout content past events,cannot ~(137)Cs would be sure there the relationship nuclear facilities,anyhow,the level of not do harm to human health.
Objective To invest the concentration both of the the and artificial and natural level radionuclides population.in foodstuff the nuclear facilities in Sichuan,and to analyze powder radioactive tea to Methods The purity samples of grain,vegetables,meat foodstuff,milk were the collected as food samples,high(HPGe)gamma-ray spectrometer was of ~(238)U、~(226)Ra、~(232)Th、~(137)Cs and content germanium used to analyze content the ~(40)K in these between samples.nuclear Results facility There and was no significantly difference on of ~(238)U、~(226)Ra、~(232)Th、~(40)K the contrast areas,~(137)Cs were detected in ~(11 )foodstuffs The from those areas,the ~(137)Cs was effective detected of content of radionuclide in food were was 0.28 from mSv.some Conclusion artificial radionuclide in the food samples those selected had areas with of Sichuan,which local was the radioactive fallout content past events,cannot ~(137)Cs would be sure there the relationship nuclear facilities,anyhow,the level of not do harm to human health.
引文
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[3]邬家龙,孙卫,王赟,等.兰州地区大气气溶胶中日本核电站泄漏核素监测结果分析[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2012,32(2):141-142.
[4]拓飞,徐翠华,张京,等.日本福岛核事故期间环境放射性水平的监测[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2012,32(2):120-124.
[5]娄云,万玲,马永忠.日本福岛核事故所致北京地区放射性污染的监测与分析[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2012,32(2):129-132.
[6]拓飞,徐翠华,张京,等.云南芒市地区野生食用蘑菇中137Cs、40K含量及所致居民剂量估算[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2014,34(8):621-624.
[7]贺良国,张一云,李家柱,等.紫色土草地表层土壤137 Cs含量与粒度和有机质的相关性研究[J].水土保持通报,2007,27(2):43-45.
[8]刘志强,杨明义,刘普灵,等.137 Cs示踪技术背景值研究进展与建议[J].核农学报,2008,22(6):913-917.
[9]中华人民共和国卫生部.核电站周围居民健康与卫生监测工作指南[Z].2010.
[10]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2012[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2013.
[11]GB18871-2002电离辐射防护与辐射源安全标准[S].2003.
[12]沙连茂,邱云殿,王治惠,等.我国市售茶叶中90 Sr,137 Cs和144Ce的含量[J].辐射防护,1996(1):70-80.
[13]夏益华.高等电离辐射防护教程[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2010.
[14]United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of AtomicRadiation.Sources and effects of ionizing radiations[R].UNSCEAR 2000 report,Vienna:United Nations,2000.
[15]潘自强.辐射安全手册[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.