伤口摄入超铀核素的内照射剂量估算
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摘要
目的比较NCRP伤口生物动力学模型和ICRP 78号报告推荐的注入模式下伤口摄入超铀核素所致内照射剂量的差异,了解器官剂量的分布特性。方法以241Am(M类,颗粒态)为例计算了上述两种不同模型模式下工作人员伤口摄入单位活度后所致人体各组织器官当量剂量和待积有效剂量,及其在部分器官(肝、骨等)和部分生物样品(尿、粪等)中的滞留/排泄分数曲线。结果工作人员经由伤口摄入单位活度241Am所致待积有效剂量的两种模型计算结果相差约为18. 5%;器官当量剂量由高到低依次为骨表面,肝和红骨髓;伤口摄入单位活度241Am后全身滞留分数较高,不易排出,在骨和肝中的滞留分数随时间推移而显著升高,而在尿、粪中的排泄分数则较低且变化较小。结论利用现有的两种模型估算超铀核素伤口污染所致的内照射剂量尚有较大的差异,值得继续深入开展研究。
Objective To compare the internal doses for transuranic nuclide-contaminated wounds by using ICRP wound biokinetic model and injection model recommended by ICRP 78 publication,and acquaint with the distribution of organ doses.Methods As an example,the effective dose and the distribution of organ equivalent doses caused by unit activity of241 Am( M class,Particle) were calculated by above two models,and the intake retention/excretion fraction curves in some organs( liver,bone,etc.) and some biological samples( urine,feces,etc.) were also studied. Results The deviation of effective doses estimated by the above two models was about 18. 5%. The organ equivalent doses caused by241 Am( M class,Particle)through wound were in the order of bone surface,liver and red bone marrow. The intake retention fraction for the whole body was high,and it was hard to be excreted. The intake retention fraction in bone and liver increased significantly with time,while the excretion fraction in urine and feces were low and hardly changed. Conclusion The deviation of internal doses for transuranic nuclides-contaminated wounds estimated by using the two present models is relatively large,further studies are still needed.
Objective To compare the internal doses for transuranic nuclide-contaminated wounds by using ICRP wound biokinetic model and injection model recommended by ICRP 78 publication,and acquaint with the distribution of organ doses.Methods As an example,the effective dose and the distribution of organ equivalent doses caused by unit activity of241 Am( M class,Particle) were calculated by above two models,and the intake retention/excretion fraction curves in some organs( liver,bone,etc.) and some biological samples( urine,feces,etc.) were also studied. Results The deviation of effective doses estimated by the above two models was about 18. 5%. The organ equivalent doses caused by241 Am( M class,Particle)through wound were in the order of bone surface,liver and red bone marrow. The intake retention fraction for the whole body was high,and it was hard to be excreted. The intake retention fraction in bone and liver increased significantly with time,while the excretion fraction in urine and feces were low and hardly changed. Conclusion The deviation of internal doses for transuranic nuclides-contaminated wounds estimated by using the two present models is relatively large,further studies are still needed.
引文
[1]National Council on Radiation Protection and measurements.NCRPreport 156.Development of a Biokinetic Model for RadionuclideContaminated Wounds and Procedures for Their Assessment,Dosimetry and Treatment[R].2006.
[2]Avtandilashvili M,Dumit S,Tolmachev SY.USTUR whole-body case 0212:17-year follow-up of plutonium contaminated wound[J].Radiat Prot Dosimetry,2017,178(2):160-169.
[3]EH Carbaugh,TP Lynch.Twenty-four years of follow-up for a Hanford plutonium wound case[J].Health Physics,2010,99(4):483-494.
[4]Anatily ES,Maxim VB.A case of wound intake of Plutonium isotopes and241Am in a human:application and improvement of the NCRP wound model[J].Health Physics,2010,99(4):560-567.
[5]邱小平,谭健.我国核电站长寿命裂变产物及超铀核素累积量预测[J].核电子学与探测技术,2005,25(1):84-87.
[6]王红波,张庆召,张震,等.核医学科工作人员职业性内照射研究进展[J].中国辐射卫生,2016,25(2):251-254.
[7]王进,余宁乐.田湾核电站周围公众因铀钍系放射性核素摄入所致内照射剂量[J].中国辐射卫生,2010,19(3):300-302.
[8]马跃峰,战景明,张坤,等.乏燃料后处理厂职业危害分析与评价[J].中国辐射卫生,2016,25(2):216-220.
[9]International Commission on Radiological Protection.ICRP publication 78.Individual Monitoring for Internal Exposure of workers[R].Oxford:Pergamon Press.1997.
[10]International Commission on Radiological Protection.ICRP publication 130.Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides:Part 1[R].Oxford:Pergamon Press.2015.
[11]龚诒芬,叶常青.人体内放射性污染的医学实践[M].北京:军事医学科学出版社,2004.
[2]Avtandilashvili M,Dumit S,Tolmachev SY.USTUR whole-body case 0212:17-year follow-up of plutonium contaminated wound[J].Radiat Prot Dosimetry,2017,178(2):160-169.
[3]EH Carbaugh,TP Lynch.Twenty-four years of follow-up for a Hanford plutonium wound case[J].Health Physics,2010,99(4):483-494.
[4]Anatily ES,Maxim VB.A case of wound intake of Plutonium isotopes and241Am in a human:application and improvement of the NCRP wound model[J].Health Physics,2010,99(4):560-567.
[5]邱小平,谭健.我国核电站长寿命裂变产物及超铀核素累积量预测[J].核电子学与探测技术,2005,25(1):84-87.
[6]王红波,张庆召,张震,等.核医学科工作人员职业性内照射研究进展[J].中国辐射卫生,2016,25(2):251-254.
[7]王进,余宁乐.田湾核电站周围公众因铀钍系放射性核素摄入所致内照射剂量[J].中国辐射卫生,2010,19(3):300-302.
[8]马跃峰,战景明,张坤,等.乏燃料后处理厂职业危害分析与评价[J].中国辐射卫生,2016,25(2):216-220.
[9]International Commission on Radiological Protection.ICRP publication 78.Individual Monitoring for Internal Exposure of workers[R].Oxford:Pergamon Press.1997.
[10]International Commission on Radiological Protection.ICRP publication 130.Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides:Part 1[R].Oxford:Pergamon Press.2015.
[11]龚诒芬,叶常青.人体内放射性污染的医学实践[M].北京:军事医学科学出版社,2004.