四川容须卡伟晶岩型锂多金属矿床地球化学特征及成矿地质条件
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摘要
通过分析四川容须卡伟晶岩型锂多金属矿床中酸性侵入岩和伟晶岩的地球化学特征,探讨其成矿地层、构造及岩浆岩等成矿地质条件。该矿床中酸性侵入岩为钙碱性准铝质岩石,属于Ⅰ型花岗岩系列,伟晶岩属钙碱性强过铝质岩石,二者的稀土和微量元素地球化学特征差异明显。中酸性侵入岩形成于后碰撞构造环境,与松潘—甘孜造山带碰撞造山作用有关,其物质来源可能为地壳物质的部分熔融,同时有少量幔源物质加入,伟晶岩与中酸性侵入岩可能为同源岩浆分异演化的产物。区域性推覆造山运动形成的褶皱、断层及穹隆,为含矿热液的充填和成矿元素的富集提供了有利空间。富含挥发分及稀有金属的熔体侵位于围岩,渗透率较小的泥质岩限制了热量的扩散及成矿有利物质的流失,熔体缓慢固结,形成含矿伟晶岩。
Through the analysis on the geochemical characteristics of the intermediate acid-acid intrusive rocks and pegmatites in the pegmatite type lithium polymetallic ore deposit in Rongxuka of Sichuan Province,the authors discussed the metallogenic geological conditions of stratigraphy,tectonics and magmatites. The results show that the intermediate acid-acid intrusive rocks in Rongxuka area are calc-alkaline and quasi-aluminum rocks,and belong to the I-type granite series. The pegmatites are calc-alkaline and strongly peraluminous rocks,and there are significant geochemical differences in rare earth and trace elements between the intermediate acid-acid intrusive rocks and pegmatites. The intermediate acid-acid intrusive rocks were formed in post-collision tectonic setting,which might be related to the collisional orogeny of the Songpan-Ganzi orogenic belt. The material source might be partial melting of crustal material mixed with a small amount of mantle composition. Pegmatites and intermediate acid-acid intrusive rocks may be products of differentiation and evolution of homogenous magma. The folds,faults and domes formed by the regional napping provided a favorable space for the filling of orebearing hydrothermal fluids and enrichment of ore-forming elements. The melts enriched by volatile and rare metals intruded into wall rocks,and the low-permeability mudstones limited the loss of heat and materials favorable for ore accumulation. Then the ore-containing melts solidified and the rare metal pegmatite veins formed.
Through the analysis on the geochemical characteristics of the intermediate acid-acid intrusive rocks and pegmatites in the pegmatite type lithium polymetallic ore deposit in Rongxuka of Sichuan Province,the authors discussed the metallogenic geological conditions of stratigraphy,tectonics and magmatites. The results show that the intermediate acid-acid intrusive rocks in Rongxuka area are calc-alkaline and quasi-aluminum rocks,and belong to the I-type granite series. The pegmatites are calc-alkaline and strongly peraluminous rocks,and there are significant geochemical differences in rare earth and trace elements between the intermediate acid-acid intrusive rocks and pegmatites. The intermediate acid-acid intrusive rocks were formed in post-collision tectonic setting,which might be related to the collisional orogeny of the Songpan-Ganzi orogenic belt. The material source might be partial melting of crustal material mixed with a small amount of mantle composition. Pegmatites and intermediate acid-acid intrusive rocks may be products of differentiation and evolution of homogenous magma. The folds,faults and domes formed by the regional napping provided a favorable space for the filling of orebearing hydrothermal fluids and enrichment of ore-forming elements. The melts enriched by volatile and rare metals intruded into wall rocks,and the low-permeability mudstones limited the loss of heat and materials favorable for ore accumulation. Then the ore-containing melts solidified and the rare metal pegmatite veins formed.
引文
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[2]《中国矿床发现史·四川卷》编委会.中国矿床发现史·四川卷[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:131-135.
[3]付小方,侯立伟,梁斌,等.甲基卡式花岗伟晶岩型锂矿床成矿模式与三维勘查找矿模型[M].北京:科学出版社,2017:1.
[4]四川省地质局川西402地质队.四川康定甲基卡1961-1962年度详细普查地质报告[R].甘孜:川西402队,1962.
[5]四川省地质局川西404地质队.四川乾宁容须卡稀有金属矿区详查补充报告[R].西昌:川西404队,1974.
[6]秦宇龙,王显锋,胡朝云,等.四川扎坝—龙古地区矿产地质调查报告[R].成都:四川省地质调查院,2016.
[7]周洪健.川西容须卡—亚马宗地区红柱石远景储量预测[J].四川地质学报,1998,18(2):141-143.
[8]李健康.川西典型伟晶岩型矿床的形成机理及其大陆动力学背景[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2006.
[9]付俊杰.四川道孚容须卡南锂辉石矿床地质特征及成因探讨[D].成都:成都理工大学,2015.
[10]孟洪振,刘岁海.四川容须卡红柱石化学成分及谱学特征研究[J].西南科技大学学报,2016,31(1):93-97.
[11]詹胜强,廖兴建,岳大斌,等.四川容须卡矿区稀有金属伟晶岩的原生晕特征[J].四川地质学报,2016,36(3):472-476.
[12]周雄,周玉,张贻,等.川西甲基卡—容须卡—长征穹隆稀有金属找矿前景分析[C]//第八届全国成矿理论与找矿方法学术讨论会论文摘要文集.南昌:中国矿物岩石地球化学学会矿床地球化学专业委员会,中国地质学会矿床地质专业委员会,矿床地球化学国家重点实验室,2017:286-287.
[13]周雄,罗丽萍,周玉,等.川西容须卡锂辉石矿床石英闪长岩锆石LA-ICP-MS测年及构造意义[J].矿物岩石,2018,38(4):88-97.
[14]曾云,贺金良,王秀京.四川省成矿区带划分及区域成矿规律[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:53-57.
[15]侯立玮,付小方.松潘—甘孜造山带东缘穹隆状变质地质体[M].成都:四川大学出版社,2002:1-159.
[16]王全伟,王康明,阚泽忠,等.川西地区花岗岩及其成矿系列[M].北京:地质出版社,2008:208-209.
[17]唐国凡,吴盛先.四川省康定县甲基卡花岗伟晶岩锂矿床地质研究报告[R].成都:四川省地质矿产局攀西地质大队,1984.
[18] Middlemost E A K. Naming materials in the magma/igneous rocksystem[J]. Earth-Sci Rev,1994,37(3/4):215-224.
[19] Peccerillo A,Taylor S R. Geochemistry of Eocene calc-alkalinevolcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area,Northern Turkey[J].Contrib Mineral Petrol,1976,58(1):63-81.
[20] Middlemost E A K. Magmas and Magmatic Rocks:An Introductionto Igneous Petrology[M]. London:Longman,1985.
[21]黎彤,倪守斌.中国大陆岩石圈的化学元素丰度[J].地质与勘探,1997,33(1):31-37.
[22] Sun S S,Mc Donough W F. Chemical and isotopic systematics ofoceanic basalts:implications for mantle composition and proce-sses[J]. Geol Soc,London,Spec Publ,1989,42(1):313-345.
[23] Pearce J A. Sources and settings of granitic rocks[J]. Episodes,1996,19(4):120-125.
[24] Pearce J A,Mei H J,Chang C F,et al. Volcanic rocks of the 1985Tibet Geotraverse:Lhasa to Golmud[J]. Philos Trans Roy SocLondon. Ser A,Math Phys Sci,1988,327(1594):169-201.
[25]四川省地质调查院. 1∶25万康定幅区域地质调查报告[R].成都:四川省地质调查院,2003.
[26]陈毓川,叶庆同,王京彬,等.中国新疆阿尔泰成矿带矿床地质、成矿规律与技术经济评价[M].北京:地质出版社,2003:453.
[27]王联魁,黄智龙. Li-F花岗岩液态分离与实验[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:280.