永磁直线电动机结构及研究发展综述
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摘要
永磁直线同步电动机(permanentmagnetlinear synchronousmotors,PMLSMs)集成了永磁电机与直线电机的特性,具有高推力密度、高加速度、高速、高精度、高效率等显著优点,广泛应用于高精度数控设备、光刻机、3C产品制造成套装备、高速物流与无绳电梯等应用场合。首先阐述了PMLSM的工作原理与力特性,其次对结构类型进行分析,包括初级铁心、外形结构、绕组结构与磁极结构,接着从推力波动抑制与高推力密度两方面总结了在电机结构设计上的有效措施,然后介绍了运行平台的系统结构及配件对系统性能的影响,最后总结了PMLSM目前的应用热点,并从这些应用热点展望了未来主要的发展趋势及相应的研究重点。
The permanent magnet linear synchronous motors(PMLSM) combines with both the characteristics of permanent magnet motors and linear motors, which have significant advantages, such as high thrust force density, high acceleration, high speed, high precision, high efficiency and so on. They are widely applied in high-precision CNC machines,lithography machines, whole-set equipment for manufacturing3 C products, high-speed logistics equipments, ropeless elevators, etc. Firstly, the operating principle and force characteristics of PMLSM are described. Secondly, the structure types regarding primary iron core, shape, primary winding and magnetic pole are analyzed. Thirdly, the effective methods of motor structure designing are analyzed from two aspects of thrust ripple suppression and high force density.Fourthly, the system structure of PMLSM motion platform and the influence of accessories on performance are introduced.Finally, the application hotspots of PMLSM are summarized,and then the development trends and corresponding research emphasis are prospected from these applications.
The permanent magnet linear synchronous motors(PMLSM) combines with both the characteristics of permanent magnet motors and linear motors, which have significant advantages, such as high thrust force density, high acceleration, high speed, high precision, high efficiency and so on. They are widely applied in high-precision CNC machines,lithography machines, whole-set equipment for manufacturing3 C products, high-speed logistics equipments, ropeless elevators, etc. Firstly, the operating principle and force characteristics of PMLSM are described. Secondly, the structure types regarding primary iron core, shape, primary winding and magnetic pole are analyzed. Thirdly, the effective methods of motor structure designing are analyzed from two aspects of thrust ripple suppression and high force density.Fourthly, the system structure of PMLSM motion platform and the influence of accessories on performance are introduced.Finally, the application hotspots of PMLSM are summarized,and then the development trends and corresponding research emphasis are prospected from these applications.
引文
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[3]Lu Qinfen,Li Yanxin,Ye Yunyue,et al.Investigation of forces in linear induction motor under different slip frequency for low-speed maglev application[J].IEEETransactions on Energy Conversion,2013,28(1):145-153.
[4]Lv G,Zeng D,Zhou T,et al.Investigation of forces and secondary losses in linear induction motor with the solid and laminated back iron secondary for metro[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(6):4382-4390.
[5]邓江明,陈特放,唐建湘,等.考虑动态端部效应与负载扰动的单边直线感应电机预测电流补偿控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(15):3956-3963.Deng Jiangming,Chen Tefang,Tang Jianxiang,et al.Acompensated predict current strategy for single-sided linear induction motors considering dynamical eddyeffects and load vibrations[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(15):3956-3963(in Chinese).
[6]郭亮,卢琴芬,叶云岳.磁悬浮列车用直线电机的有限元分析和电感计算[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2006,40(1):167-170.Guo Liang,Lu Qinfen,Ye Yunyue.FEM analysis and inductances calculation of linear motor in maglev trains[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science,2006,40(1):167-170(in Chinese).
[7]卢琴芬,程传莹,叶云岳,等.每极分数槽永磁直线电机的槽极数配合研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(36):68-74.Lu Qinfen,Cheng Chuanying,Ye Yunyue,et al.Slot/pole number combination research of PM linear motors with fractional slots per pole[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(36):68-74(in Chinese).
[8]卢琴芬,叶云岳,混合励磁直线同步电机的磁场与推力[J],中国电机工程学报,2005,25(10):127-130.Lu Qinfen,Ye Yunyue,Magnetic field and thrust of hybrid excitation linear synchronous motor[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(10):127-130(in Chinese).
[9]Sodick.Linear motor[EB/OL].[2018-05-26].https://www.sodick.co.jp/en/product/motion/linearmotor.
[10]Thornton R.Linear synchronous motors for elevators[J].Elevator World,2006,54(9):168-173.
[11]Wieler J G,Thornton R D.Technology:linear synchronous motor elevators become a reality[J].Elevator World,2012,60(5):140-143.
[12]姚艺华.永磁直线同步电机推力波动的分析与削弱研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2018.Yao Yihua.Research on analysis and reduction of thrust ripple in permanent magnet linear synchronous machine[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2018(in Chinese).
[13]Zhang J,Yu H,Hu M,et al.Research on a PM slotless linear generator based on magnet field analysis model for wave energy conversion[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2017,53(11):1-4.
[14]Li L,Pan D,Huang X.Analysis and optimization of ironless permanent-magnet linear motor for improving thrust[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2014,41(05):1188-1192.
[15]Shin K,Park H,Kim J,et al.Optimum iron pole design of a tubular linear synchronous machine with double-sided axially magnetized permanent magnets considering leakage flux[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2016,52(7):1-4.
[16]Li L,Tang Y,Pan D.Design optimization of air-cored PMLSM with overlapping windings by multiple population genetic algorithm[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2014,50(11):1-5.
[17]Mei W,Lu Q.Performance optimization of an air-core PMSLM with new double-layer windings[C]//Proceeding of Intermag,Singapore,2018:1712-1712.
[18]卢琴芬,张新敏,黄立人,等.错位式双边型永磁直线同步电机优化设计[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(11):35-41.Lu Qinfen,Zhang Xinmin,Huang Liren,et al.Optimal design of shifted type double-sided permanent magnet linear synchronous motors[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(11):35-41(in Chinese).
[19]Lee S,Kim S,Saha S,et al.Optimal structure design for minimizing detent force of PMLSM for a ropeless elevator[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2014,50(1):1-4.
[20]Sato K,Katori M,Shimokohbe A.Ultrahigh-acceleration moving-permanent-magnet linear synchronous motor with a long working range[J].IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics,2013,18(1):307-315.
[21]He Zhongyan,Dong Fei,Zhao Jiwen,et al.Thrust ripple reduction in permanent magnet synchronous linear motor based on electromagnetic damping-spring system[J].IEEETransactions on Energy Conversion,2018,33(4):2122-2132.
[22]宋俊材,董菲,赵吉文,等.基于重心邻域算法的无铁心永磁同步直线电机优化设计研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(12):3594-3602.Song Juncai,Dong Fei,Zhao Jiwen,et al.Design optimization research of air-core permanent magnet permanent magnet synchronous linear motor based on gravity neighborhood center algorithm[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(12):3594-3602(in Chinese).
[23]Kou Baoquan,Li Liyi,Zhang Chengming.Analysis and optimization of thrust characteristics of tubular linear electromagnetic launcher for space-use[J].IEEETransactions on Magnetics,2009,45(01):250-255.
[24]Gysen Bart L J,Janssen Jeroen L G,Johannes J H,et al.Design aspects of an active electromagnetic suspension system for automotive applications[J].IEEE Transactions on industry applications,2009,45(5):1589-1597.
[25]刘晓.空心式永磁直线伺服电机及其驱动控制系统研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.Liu Xiao.Research on air core permanent magnet linear servo motor and driving control system[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2008(in Chinese).
[26]Lu Qinfen,Huang Liren,Huang Xiaoyan,et al.Investigation of PMLM with different type winding for ropeless elevator[C]//Proceeding of 2015 Tenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies(EVER),2015:1-7.
[27]Wang Jiabin,Howe D,Jewell G W.Analysis and design optimization of an improved axially magnetized tubular permanent-magnet machine[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2004,19(2):289-295.
[28]Tomczuk B,Schroder G,Waindok A.Finite-element analysis of the magnetic field and electromechanical parameters calculation for a slotted permanent-magnet tubular linear motor[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2007,43(7):3229-3236.
[29]Souissi A,Zouaghi M W,Abdennadher I,et al.MEC-based modeling and sizing of a tubular linear pm synchronous machine[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2015,51(3):2181-2194.
[30]Souissi A,Abdennadher I,Masmoudi A.Analytical prediction of the no-load operation features of tubular-linear permanent magnet synchronous machines[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2016,52(1):1-7.
[31]Huang X Z,Li J,Tan Q,et al.Sectional combinations of the modular tubular permanent magnet linear motor and the optimization design[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2018,65(12):9658-9667.
[32]Koo M,Choi J,Shin H,et al.No-load analysis of PMLSMwith Halbach array and PM overhang based on threedimensional analytical method[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2016,26(4):1-5.
[33]Li L,Pan D,Huang X.Analysis and optimization of ironless permanent-magnet linear motor for improving thrust[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2014,41(5):1188-1192.
[34]Pan D,Li L,Wang M.Modeling and optimization of air-core monopole linear motor based on multiphysical fields[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2018,65(12):9814-9824.
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