霸王(Sarcozygium xanthoxylon)灌木年轮记录的1902—2015年阿拉善荒漠中部气候干湿变化
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摘要
基于阿拉善荒漠中部的4个霸王(Sarcozygium xanthoxylon)样点建立的区域轮宽年表,探讨了霸王径向生长对气候变化的响应及阿拉善荒漠中部区域1902—2015年的干湿变化。结果表明:霸王的径向生长主要受到生长季及前期降水(当年4—7月和前一年10—12月降水)影响。年代际尺度上,区域年表共记录了1920s初—1930s初、1940s初以及1970s末—1980s末3个干旱时段和1900s末—1920s初、1930s、1960s中—1970s中以及1980s末—至今4个湿润时段。区域气候干湿变化以2~8、11、16~32a周期最为明显,在1970s末发生了周期性震荡。本研究所揭示的区域百余年来气候干湿变化波动状况,可为区域环境演变和荒漠化防治提供气候背景代用资料和决策依据。
Based on the regional chronology established by the four ring-width standard chronologies of Sarcozygium xanthoxylonin the middle of Alashan Desert,we studied the response of Sarcozygium xanthoxylonradial growth to climate change and the wet/dry variation recorded by regional chronology.The results showed that the radial growth of Sarcozygium xanthoxylon was mainly affected by the pre-growing and growing season precipitation(October-December in previous year and April-July in current year).On the interdecadal scale,three dry periods were identified in the middle of Alashan Desert:the early 1920 s to early 1930 s,the early 1940 s,the late 1970 s to late 1980 s;Four wet periods were the late 1900 s to early 1920 s,1930 s,the mid-1960 s to mid-1970 s,the late 1980 s to the present.According to the results of wavelet analysis,the regional chronology in the middle of Alashan Desert had significant period cycles of 2-8 a,11 a and 16-34 a,and the periodic oscillation occurred at the end of 1970 s.These results could provide climate change information and decision-making basis for regional environmental evolution and desertification control.
Based on the regional chronology established by the four ring-width standard chronologies of Sarcozygium xanthoxylonin the middle of Alashan Desert,we studied the response of Sarcozygium xanthoxylonradial growth to climate change and the wet/dry variation recorded by regional chronology.The results showed that the radial growth of Sarcozygium xanthoxylon was mainly affected by the pre-growing and growing season precipitation(October-December in previous year and April-July in current year).On the interdecadal scale,three dry periods were identified in the middle of Alashan Desert:the early 1920 s to early 1930 s,the early 1940 s,the late 1970 s to late 1980 s;Four wet periods were the late 1900 s to early 1920 s,1930 s,the mid-1960 s to mid-1970 s,the late 1980 s to the present.According to the results of wavelet analysis,the regional chronology in the middle of Alashan Desert had significant period cycles of 2-8 a,11 a and 16-34 a,and the periodic oscillation occurred at the end of 1970 s.These results could provide climate change information and decision-making basis for regional environmental evolution and desertification control.
引文
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[5]刘禹,解利,李强,等.公元1820年以来甘肃东大山地区树轮宽度对3-9月平均最低温度的响应分析[J].地球环境学报,2012,3(3):900-907.
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[10]Xiao S,Peng X,Tian Q.Climatic and human drivers of recent lake-level change in East Juyan Lake,China[J].Regional Environmental Change,2016,16(4):1063-1073.
[11]Xiao S,Xiao H,Peng X,et al.Hydroclimate-driven changes in the landscape structure of the terminal lakes and wetlands of the China's Heihe River Basin[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2015,187(1):1-14.
[12]Peng X,Xiao S,Xiao H.Preliminary dendrochronological studies on Populus euphratica in the lower reaches of the Heihe River basin in northwest China[J].Dendrochronologia,2013,31(3):242-249.
[13]彭小梅,肖生春,程国栋,等.胡杨(Populus euphratica)树轮记录的20世纪40年代前后黑河下游分水过程及其生态影响[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(1):206-215.
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[15]Xiao S,Xiao H,Kobayashi O,et al.Dendroclimatological Investigations of Sea Buckthorn(Hippophae rhamnoides)and Reconstruction of the Equilibrium Line Altitude of the July First Glacier in the Western Qilian Mountains,Northwestern China[J].Tree-Ring Research,2016,63:15-26.
[16]Liang E,Eckstein D.Dendrochronological potential of the alpine shrub Rhododendron nivale on the south-eastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Annals of Botany,2009,104(4):665-670.
[17]Lu X,Camarero J J,Wang Y,et al.Up to 400-year-old Rhododendron shrubs on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau:prospects for shrub-based dendrochronology[J].Boreas,2015,44(4):760-768.
[18]Liang E,Liu W,Ren P,et al.The alpine dwarf shrub Cassiope fastigiata in the Himalayas:does it reflect site-specific climatic signals in its annual growth rings[J].Trees,2015,29(1):79-86.
[19]Xiao S C,Xiao H L,Dong Z B,et al.Dry/wet variation recorded by shrub tree-rings in the central Badain Jaran Desert of northwestern China[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2012,87:85-94.
[20]肖生春,肖洪浪,宋耀选,等.荒漠植被红砂(Reaumurta soongorica)水热响应的年轮学研究[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(4):548-552.
[21]Xiao S,Xiao H,Peng X,et al.Dendroecological assessment of Korshinsk peashrub(Caragana korshinskii Kom.)from the perspective of interactions among growth,climate,and topography in the western Loess Plateau,China[J].Dendrochronologia,2015,33:61-68.
[22]Hallinger M,Manthey M,Wilmking M.Establishing a missing link:warm summers and winter snow cover promote shrub expansion into alpine tundra in Scandinavia[J].New Phytologist,2010,186(4):890-899.
[23]Woodcock H,Bradley R S.Salix arctica(Pall.):its potential for dendroclimatological studies in the High Arctic[J].Dendrochronologia,1994,12:11-22.
[24]Schmidt N M,Baittinger C,Forchhammer M C.Reconstructing century-long snow regimes using estimates of High Arctic Salix arctica radial growth[J].Arctic Antarctic&Alpine Research,2006,38(2):257-262.
[25]Florentine S K,Westbrooke M E.Invasion of the noxious weed Nicotiana glauca R.Graham after an episodic flooding event in the arid zone of Australia[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2005,60(4):531-545.
[26]肖生春,肖洪浪,周茂先,等.近百年来西居延海湖泊水位变化的湖岸林树轮记录[J].冰川冻土,2004,26(5):557-562.
[27]Xiao S,Peng X,Tian Q.Climatic and human drivers of recent lake-level change in East Juyan Lake,China[J].Regional Environmental Change,2015,16(4):1063-1073.
[28]Berner L T,Beck P S A,Bunn A G,et al.Plant response to climate change along the forest-tundra ecotone in northeastern Siberia[J].Global Change Biology,2013,19(11):3449.
[29]肖生春,陈小红,丁爱军.近现代阿拉善高原气候变化与环境演变机制研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(6):1-9.
[30]李新荣,谭会娟,何明珠,等.阿拉善高原灌木种的丰富度和多度格局对环境因子变化的响应:极端干旱荒漠地区灌木多样性保育的前提[J].中国科学:D辑,2009,39(4):504-515.
[31]何明珠,张志山,李小军,等.阿拉善高原荒漠植被组成分布特征及其环境解释Ⅰ.典型荒漠植被分布格局的环境解释[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(1):46-56.
[32]龚家栋.阿拉善地区生态环境综合治理意见[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(1):98-105.
[33]张凯,司建华,王润元,等.气候变化对阿拉善荒漠植被的影响研究[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(5):879-885.
[34]任志艳,延军平,王鹏涛.1960-2012年内蒙古降水集中度和降水集中期时空变化[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(3):760-766.
[35]Holmes R L.Computer-assisted quality control in tree-ring dating and measurement[J].Tree-ring Bulletin,1983,43:51-67.
[36]Cook E R.A time series analysis approach to tree ring standardization(dendrochronology,forestry,dendroclimatology,autoregressive process)[D].Tucson,USA:University of Arizona,1985.
[37]彭小梅,肖生春,肖洪浪.树木年轮轮宽年表建立方法研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(3):857-865.
[38]Biondi F,Waikul K.DENDROCLIM2002:a C++program for statistical calibration of climate signals in tree-ring chronologies[J].Computers&Geosciences,2004,30(3):303-311.
[39]Torrence C,Compo G P.A Practical Guide to wavelet analysis[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1998,79(79):61-78.
[40]周向睿,周志宇,吴彩霞.霸王繁殖特性的研究[J].草业科学,2006,23(6):38-41.
[41]Anderegg W R L,Field C B.The roles of hydraulic and carbon stress in a widespread climate-induced forest die-off[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2012,109(1):233.
[42]朱炳瑗,李栋梁.1845—1988年期间厄尔尼诺事件与我国西北旱涝[J].大气科学,1992,16(2):185-192.
[43]袁林.西北灾荒史[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1994.
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