戈壁的正向生态作用与负向生态作用——以甘肃河西走廊为例
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摘要
戈壁是一种重要的土地资源,戈壁所占面积较大,在荒漠生态系统中占有重要地位。为了推进戈壁研究与荒漠生态系统研究的协调发展,文章运用查阅文献与实地考察等方法,从戈壁的分类、戈壁地表辐射与能量传输、戈壁风沙流、戈壁地表风蚀等几个方面对我国的戈壁研究进行了综述性分析。结果表明:(1)由于戈壁相对较为稳定,也或许由于其利用价值相对较低,因而我国对于戈壁的研究相对薄弱;(2)目前我国有关戈壁的研究主要集中在戈壁地表辐射与能量传输、戈壁风沙流与戈壁地表风蚀方面,微观方面的深入研究与宏观方面的综合研究均较为薄弱,尤其是缺少上一级系统的要素之间的互动机理研究;(3)研究区域多集中在甘肃河西走廊西端,目前对不同区域的戈壁的分异特征与分异规律的研究还很不够。建议今后将戈壁、沙漠纳入到上一级生态系统中,研究戈壁的形成与发育过程,尤其是现代过程;研究生态要素的功能尤其是互动机理;研究戈壁、沙漠与全球变暖、环境变化的关系。
Gobi is an important land resource which occupies an important position in the desert ecosystem due to its large area. To promote the coordinated development of Gobi research with the desert ecosystem research,this paper reviewed China's research on Gobi from several aspects such as the gobi classification,radiation and energy transfer,sand flow,wind erosion,using the literature and field investigation methods. The results showed: 1) China's research on Gobi was relatively weak since the Gobi was relatively stable but low utilization value; 2) Current research on Gobi focused on surface radiation and energy transfer,the sand flow,and wind erosion of Gobi. In-depth study of micro level and comprehensively study of macro aspect were relatively weak,especially lack of interaction mechanism between the elements of upper level the system. 3) The study area concentrated in the western end of Gansu Hexi Corridor,but it was not enough in different regions for the study of differentiation characteristics and diversity law of Gobi. Finally,it proposed some suggestions for the Gobi research such as focusing on the formation and development process of Gobi especially the modern process of Gobi,ecological features especially the interaction mechanism of ecological factors,and the relationship between Gobi and desert and global warming and environmental change.
Gobi is an important land resource which occupies an important position in the desert ecosystem due to its large area. To promote the coordinated development of Gobi research with the desert ecosystem research,this paper reviewed China's research on Gobi from several aspects such as the gobi classification,radiation and energy transfer,sand flow,wind erosion,using the literature and field investigation methods. The results showed: 1) China's research on Gobi was relatively weak since the Gobi was relatively stable but low utilization value; 2) Current research on Gobi focused on surface radiation and energy transfer,the sand flow,and wind erosion of Gobi. In-depth study of micro level and comprehensively study of macro aspect were relatively weak,especially lack of interaction mechanism between the elements of upper level the system. 3) The study area concentrated in the western end of Gansu Hexi Corridor,but it was not enough in different regions for the study of differentiation characteristics and diversity law of Gobi. Finally,it proposed some suggestions for the Gobi research such as focusing on the formation and development process of Gobi especially the modern process of Gobi,ecological features especially the interaction mechanism of ecological factors,and the relationship between Gobi and desert and global warming and environmental change.
引文
[1]申元村,王秀红,丛日春,等.中国沙漠、戈壁生态地理区划研究.干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(1):1~13
[2]张文静,聂建江.甘肃科考人员启程探索戈壁奥秘.新华网:http://news.xinhuanet.com/society/2011-09/07/c_121998513.htm,2011-09-07
[3]江新胜,潘忠习.中国白垩纪沙漠中的戈壁沉积.矿物岩石,2001,21(3):74~80
[4]Cooke R,Warren A,Goudie A.Desert geomorphology.London:UCL Press,1993
[5]吴益明,吴波,周娜,等.基于遥感影像识别的戈壁分类体系研究.中国沙漠,2013,33(3):635~641
[6]吴益明,吴波,姚爱冬,等.戈壁分类体系与编目研究.地理学报,2014,69(3):391~398
[7]王胜,张强,卫国安.敦煌绿洲——戈壁过渡带地表辐射与能量特征分析.高原气象,2005,24(4):556~562
[8]周德刚,黄刚,马耀明.中国西北干旱区戈壁下垫面夏季的热力输送.大气科学学报,2012,35(5):541~549
[9]王慧,胡泽勇,马伟强,等.鼎新戈壁下垫面近地层小气候及地表能量平衡特征季节变化分析.大气科学,2008,32(6):1458~1470
[10]王慧,胡泽勇,李栋梁,等.黑河地区鼎新戈壁与绿洲和沙漠下垫面地表辐射平衡气候学特征的对比分析.冰川冻土,2009,31(3):464~473
[11]左洪超,胡隐樵.黑河地区绿洲和戈壁小气候特征的季节性变化及其对比分析.高原气象,1994,13(3):246~256
[12]朱德琴,陈文,刘辉志,等.我国西北典型干旱区和高原地区地表辐射能量收支特征的比较.气候与环境研究,2006,11(6):683~690
[13]王润元,刘宏谊,张强,等.夏季草原与戈壁地表能量分析.地球科学进展,2007,22(6):642~648
[14]董智,王丽琴,杨文斌,等.额济纳盆地戈壁沉积物粒度特征分析.中国水土保持学报,2013,11(1):32~38
[15]何勇.内蒙古阿拉善蒙额济纳盆地戈壁沉积物粒度特征分析.城市建设理论研究(电子版),2013,24:25~27
[16]张克存,屈建军,俎瑞平,等.戈壁风沙流结构和风速廓线特征研究.水土保持研究,2005,12(1):54~55
[17]王志强,黄晟敏,于涛,等.戈壁地表风沙运动特征的野外观测研究.新疆环境保护,2010,32(3):10~13
[18]屈建军,黄宁,拓万全,等.戈壁风沙流结构特性及其意义.地球科学进展,2005,20(1):19~23
[19]屈建军,张克存,张伟民,等.几种典型戈壁床面风沙流特性比较.中国沙漠,2012,32(2):285~290
[20]张伟民,王涛,汪万福,等.复杂风况条件下戈壁输沙量变化规律的研究.中国沙漠,2011,31(3):543~549
[21]董治宝,屈建军,刘小平,等.戈壁表面阻力系数的实验研究.中国科学(D卷),2001,31(11):953~958
[22]张克存,张伟民,屈建军.不同砾石盖度戈壁床面动力学特征研究.干旱区研究,2012,29(6):1077~1072
[23]殷代英,屈建军,俎瑞平,等.不同扰动方式对沙砾质戈壁地表风蚀量的影响.中国沙漠,2014,34(1):1~8
[24]王训明,郎丽丽,花婷,等.戈壁砾石覆盖度与风蚀强度关系实验研究.中国沙漠,2013,33(2):313~319
[25]申彦波,沈志宝,杜明远,等.西北地区戈壁和绿洲风蚀起沙(尘)的研究.中国环境科学,2004,24(4):390~394
[26]蒙吉军,吴秀芹.河西走廊中西段肃州区景观空间格局研究.干旱区地理,2004,27(2):179~185
[27]夏延国,宁宇,李景文,等.中国黑戈壁地区植物区系及其物种多样性研究.西北植物学报,2013,33(9):1906~1915
[28]周兰萍,魏怀东,丁峰,等.张掖市1987~2001年土地荒漠化发展动态及治理对策.西北林学院学报,2008,23(1):74~77
[29]宋阳,刘连友,严平,等.中国北方5种下垫面对沙尘暴的影响研究.水土保持研究,2005,19(6):15~18
[30]丁建芳,牛生杰,丘平,等.沙尘暴热力结构的个例分析.南京气象学院学报,2008,31(4):555~562
[31]成格尔,张武文,徐凯然,等.阿拉善地区沙尘暴与土地沙漠化关系的研究.内蒙古农业大学学报,2010,31(1):35~40
[32]甘佩娟,丁生喜,霍海勇,等.柴达木盆地经济可持续发展综合评价.中国农业资源与区划,2014,35(3):59~65
[33]尚明瑞.甘肃省农业综合生产能力发展的CALT模型分析.中国农业资源与区划,2011,32(3):42~48
[34]张龙生,李萍,张建旗.甘肃省生态环境脆弱性及其主要影响因素分析.中国农业资源与区划,2013,34(3):55~59
[35]鹿化煜,李郎平,弋双文,等.中国北方沙漠-黄土体系的沉积和侵蚀过程与未来趋向探析.地学前沿,2010,17(5):336~344
[36]王金满,白中科,崔艳,等.干旱戈壁荒漠矿区破坏土地生态化复垦模式分析.资源与产业,2010,12(2):83~88
[2]张文静,聂建江.甘肃科考人员启程探索戈壁奥秘.新华网:http://news.xinhuanet.com/society/2011-09/07/c_121998513.htm,2011-09-07
[3]江新胜,潘忠习.中国白垩纪沙漠中的戈壁沉积.矿物岩石,2001,21(3):74~80
[4]Cooke R,Warren A,Goudie A.Desert geomorphology.London:UCL Press,1993
[5]吴益明,吴波,周娜,等.基于遥感影像识别的戈壁分类体系研究.中国沙漠,2013,33(3):635~641
[6]吴益明,吴波,姚爱冬,等.戈壁分类体系与编目研究.地理学报,2014,69(3):391~398
[7]王胜,张强,卫国安.敦煌绿洲——戈壁过渡带地表辐射与能量特征分析.高原气象,2005,24(4):556~562
[8]周德刚,黄刚,马耀明.中国西北干旱区戈壁下垫面夏季的热力输送.大气科学学报,2012,35(5):541~549
[9]王慧,胡泽勇,马伟强,等.鼎新戈壁下垫面近地层小气候及地表能量平衡特征季节变化分析.大气科学,2008,32(6):1458~1470
[10]王慧,胡泽勇,李栋梁,等.黑河地区鼎新戈壁与绿洲和沙漠下垫面地表辐射平衡气候学特征的对比分析.冰川冻土,2009,31(3):464~473
[11]左洪超,胡隐樵.黑河地区绿洲和戈壁小气候特征的季节性变化及其对比分析.高原气象,1994,13(3):246~256
[12]朱德琴,陈文,刘辉志,等.我国西北典型干旱区和高原地区地表辐射能量收支特征的比较.气候与环境研究,2006,11(6):683~690
[13]王润元,刘宏谊,张强,等.夏季草原与戈壁地表能量分析.地球科学进展,2007,22(6):642~648
[14]董智,王丽琴,杨文斌,等.额济纳盆地戈壁沉积物粒度特征分析.中国水土保持学报,2013,11(1):32~38
[15]何勇.内蒙古阿拉善蒙额济纳盆地戈壁沉积物粒度特征分析.城市建设理论研究(电子版),2013,24:25~27
[16]张克存,屈建军,俎瑞平,等.戈壁风沙流结构和风速廓线特征研究.水土保持研究,2005,12(1):54~55
[17]王志强,黄晟敏,于涛,等.戈壁地表风沙运动特征的野外观测研究.新疆环境保护,2010,32(3):10~13
[18]屈建军,黄宁,拓万全,等.戈壁风沙流结构特性及其意义.地球科学进展,2005,20(1):19~23
[19]屈建军,张克存,张伟民,等.几种典型戈壁床面风沙流特性比较.中国沙漠,2012,32(2):285~290
[20]张伟民,王涛,汪万福,等.复杂风况条件下戈壁输沙量变化规律的研究.中国沙漠,2011,31(3):543~549
[21]董治宝,屈建军,刘小平,等.戈壁表面阻力系数的实验研究.中国科学(D卷),2001,31(11):953~958
[22]张克存,张伟民,屈建军.不同砾石盖度戈壁床面动力学特征研究.干旱区研究,2012,29(6):1077~1072
[23]殷代英,屈建军,俎瑞平,等.不同扰动方式对沙砾质戈壁地表风蚀量的影响.中国沙漠,2014,34(1):1~8
[24]王训明,郎丽丽,花婷,等.戈壁砾石覆盖度与风蚀强度关系实验研究.中国沙漠,2013,33(2):313~319
[25]申彦波,沈志宝,杜明远,等.西北地区戈壁和绿洲风蚀起沙(尘)的研究.中国环境科学,2004,24(4):390~394
[26]蒙吉军,吴秀芹.河西走廊中西段肃州区景观空间格局研究.干旱区地理,2004,27(2):179~185
[27]夏延国,宁宇,李景文,等.中国黑戈壁地区植物区系及其物种多样性研究.西北植物学报,2013,33(9):1906~1915
[28]周兰萍,魏怀东,丁峰,等.张掖市1987~2001年土地荒漠化发展动态及治理对策.西北林学院学报,2008,23(1):74~77
[29]宋阳,刘连友,严平,等.中国北方5种下垫面对沙尘暴的影响研究.水土保持研究,2005,19(6):15~18
[30]丁建芳,牛生杰,丘平,等.沙尘暴热力结构的个例分析.南京气象学院学报,2008,31(4):555~562
[31]成格尔,张武文,徐凯然,等.阿拉善地区沙尘暴与土地沙漠化关系的研究.内蒙古农业大学学报,2010,31(1):35~40
[32]甘佩娟,丁生喜,霍海勇,等.柴达木盆地经济可持续发展综合评价.中国农业资源与区划,2014,35(3):59~65
[33]尚明瑞.甘肃省农业综合生产能力发展的CALT模型分析.中国农业资源与区划,2011,32(3):42~48
[34]张龙生,李萍,张建旗.甘肃省生态环境脆弱性及其主要影响因素分析.中国农业资源与区划,2013,34(3):55~59
[35]鹿化煜,李郎平,弋双文,等.中国北方沙漠-黄土体系的沉积和侵蚀过程与未来趋向探析.地学前沿,2010,17(5):336~344
[36]王金满,白中科,崔艳,等.干旱戈壁荒漠矿区破坏土地生态化复垦模式分析.资源与产业,2010,12(2):83~88