锂电池运输分类体系重新构建可行性探讨
|
摘要
锂电池被广泛应用于电子产品、电动车、储能等领域,但其潜在的自燃风险,对交通运输,尤其是航空运输构成了严重威胁。目前,联合国危险货物运输标准中对锂电池运输分类的规定,不能体现锂电池的危险性,且对锂电池的运输安全性及其分类标准的研究也相对较少,造成极大的锂电池运输需求与运输安全的矛盾。分析了几种市面上常见的锂电池的燃烧危害,结合国际规章标准变化趋势,对锂电池的危险性分级进行了初步分析,建议在考虑锂电池危险性分级的基础上,重新构建锂电池运输分类体系。
Lithium batteries are widely used in consumer electronics, electric automobile, energy storage and other fields.Because of their potential risk of spontaneous combustion, transportation, especially air transport is seriously threatened. At present, the hazards of lithium battery cannot be reflected by the classification regulations in the Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods-Model Regulations by United Nations. The study on transport safety and classification criteria of lithium battery was relatively rare. There was a great contradiction between transport demand and transport safety for lithium batteries. The hazardous characteristics of several burning lithium batteries were analyzed, which were common in the market.Combined with the revised trend of international regulatory and standard, the hazard classification of lithium batteries was analyzed, and the shipping classification system of lithium batteries was reconstructed.
Lithium batteries are widely used in consumer electronics, electric automobile, energy storage and other fields.Because of their potential risk of spontaneous combustion, transportation, especially air transport is seriously threatened. At present, the hazards of lithium battery cannot be reflected by the classification regulations in the Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods-Model Regulations by United Nations. The study on transport safety and classification criteria of lithium battery was relatively rare. There was a great contradiction between transport demand and transport safety for lithium batteries. The hazardous characteristics of several burning lithium batteries were analyzed, which were common in the market.Combined with the revised trend of international regulatory and standard, the hazard classification of lithium batteries was analyzed, and the shipping classification system of lithium batteries was reconstructed.
引文
[1]黄彦瑜.锂电池发展简史[J].物理学史和物理学家,2007,36(8):643-651.
[2] WANG Q, PING P, ZHAO X J, et al. Thermal runaway caused fire and explosion of lithium ion battery[J]. Journal of Power Sources,2012, 208:210-224.
[3] LISBONA D, SNEE T. A review of hazards associated with primary lithium and lithium-ion batteries[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2011, 89(6):434-442.
[4] ABADA S,MARLAIR G,LECOCQ A,et al. Safety focused modeling of lithium-ion batteries:A review[J]. Journal of Power Sources,2016, 306:178-192.
[5] WEBSTER H. Flammability assessment of bulk-packed nonrechargeable lithium primary batteries in transport category[R]. US:FAA Technical Center, DOT/FAA/AR-04/26, 2004.
[6] WEBSTER H.Flammability assessment of bulk-packed rechargeable lithium-ion cells in transport category aircraft[R]. US:FAA Technical Center, DOT/FAA/AR-06/38, 2006.
[7]张青松,郭超超,秦帅星.锂离子电池燃爆特征及空运安全性研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2016,26(2):50-55.
[8] SUN J, LI J, ZHOU T, et al. Toxicity, a serious concern of thermal runaway from commercial Li-ion battery[J]. Nano Energy, 2016, 27:313-319.
[9]平平.锂离子电池热失控与火灾危险性分析及高安全性电池体系研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2014.
[10]张青松,戚瀚鹏,罗星娜,等.电量影响下的锂离子电池热稳定性研究[J].消防科学与技术,2015,34(7):847-849.
[2] WANG Q, PING P, ZHAO X J, et al. Thermal runaway caused fire and explosion of lithium ion battery[J]. Journal of Power Sources,2012, 208:210-224.
[3] LISBONA D, SNEE T. A review of hazards associated with primary lithium and lithium-ion batteries[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2011, 89(6):434-442.
[4] ABADA S,MARLAIR G,LECOCQ A,et al. Safety focused modeling of lithium-ion batteries:A review[J]. Journal of Power Sources,2016, 306:178-192.
[5] WEBSTER H. Flammability assessment of bulk-packed nonrechargeable lithium primary batteries in transport category[R]. US:FAA Technical Center, DOT/FAA/AR-04/26, 2004.
[6] WEBSTER H.Flammability assessment of bulk-packed rechargeable lithium-ion cells in transport category aircraft[R]. US:FAA Technical Center, DOT/FAA/AR-06/38, 2006.
[7]张青松,郭超超,秦帅星.锂离子电池燃爆特征及空运安全性研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2016,26(2):50-55.
[8] SUN J, LI J, ZHOU T, et al. Toxicity, a serious concern of thermal runaway from commercial Li-ion battery[J]. Nano Energy, 2016, 27:313-319.
[9]平平.锂离子电池热失控与火灾危险性分析及高安全性电池体系研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2014.
[10]张青松,戚瀚鹏,罗星娜,等.电量影响下的锂离子电池热稳定性研究[J].消防科学与技术,2015,34(7):847-849.