椒江河口形态变化对风暴潮位的影响——以9711号台风为例
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摘要
为了探究河口形态变化对天文潮和风暴潮的影响,应用二维水动力模型对椒江河口的风暴潮进行模拟。模型重现了9711号台风引起的风暴潮,并利用实测和预报资料对风场、天文潮位、风暴潮位进行了验证。基于围垦规划的思路,从北岸延伸、南岸延伸、两岸同时延伸和河口收窄四种河口形态变化的角度出发,设置了四组试验方案,分别建立天文潮和风暴潮模型。结果表明,河口形态不同方式的改变对天文高潮位、风暴高潮位和风暴增水有着不同形式和程度的影响,对比分析前后方案的流场可以初步探究其变化的原因。本文成果有助于认识河口形态对河口动力的影响,为海洋防灾减灾提供参考。
A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is applied to investigation of the effects of variations in Jiaojiang estuarine geography on storm tides. The model was used to reproduce the storm surge generated by Typhoon 9711 and validated against previous measurements of wind fields,tide levels, and storm tide levels. Based on the idea of reclamation planning, astronomical and storm tides were examined under four series of different geographical modifications: north bank extension,south bank extension, two bank extension, and estuarine narrowing. Results show that the different estuarine geography have different effects on water levels in the pattern and degree. And it can be explained by comparison and analysis of the flow fields in the estuary. The results help understand the effects of variations in estuarine geography on the dynamics in tidal estuaries to reduce and prevent hazards.
A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is applied to investigation of the effects of variations in Jiaojiang estuarine geography on storm tides. The model was used to reproduce the storm surge generated by Typhoon 9711 and validated against previous measurements of wind fields,tide levels, and storm tide levels. Based on the idea of reclamation planning, astronomical and storm tides were examined under four series of different geographical modifications: north bank extension,south bank extension, two bank extension, and estuarine narrowing. Results show that the different estuarine geography have different effects on water levels in the pattern and degree. And it can be explained by comparison and analysis of the flow fields in the estuary. The results help understand the effects of variations in estuarine geography on the dynamics in tidal estuaries to reduce and prevent hazards.
引文
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[16]郭聪,傅菁菁,孙志林.椒江河口潮流泥沙对集群围垦的响应[C]//第十八届中国海洋(岸)工程学术讨论会论文集.2017:1146-1152.GUO Cong,FU Jingjing,SUN Zhilin.Response of estuarine tidal current and sand to cluster reclamation in Jiaojiang estuary[C]//Proceedings of the 18th China Ocean(Coastal)Engineering Symposium,2017:1146-1152.(in Chinese)
[17]池云飞.台州湾岸滩演变分析及其滩涂围垦的可持续研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2010.CHI Yunfei.Study of evolution and sustainable reclamation of mud flats in Taizhou Estuary[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2010.(in Chinese)
[18]SUN Z L,HUANG S J,JIAO J G,et al.Effects of cluster land reclamation projects on storm surge in Jiaojiang Estuary,China[J].Water Science and Engineering,2017,10(1):59-69.
[19]黄森军.浙江近岸台风暴潮及冲淤研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2017.HUANG Senjun.Investigation on storm surge and erosion-deposition in Zhejiang coastal waters[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2017.(in Chinese)
[20]谢亚力,黄世昌,王瑞锋,等.钱塘江河口围涂对杭州湾风暴潮影响数值模拟[J].海洋工程,2007,25(3):61-67.XIE Yali,HUANG Shichang,WANG Ruifeng,et al.Numerical simulation of effects of reclamation in Qiantang Estuary on storm surge at Hangzhou Bay[J].the Ocean Engineering,2007,25(3):61-67.(in Chinese)
[21]HOLLAND G J.An analytic model of the wind and pressure profiles in hurricanes[J].Monthly Weather Review,1980,108(8):1212-1218.
[22]CHU J H,SAMPSON C R,LEVINE A S,et al.The joint typhoon warning center tropical cyclone best-tracks,1945-2000[R].Ref.NRL/MR/7540‐02,2002,16.
[23]YING M,ZHANG W,YU H,et al.An overview of the China Meteorological Administration tropical cyclone database[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,2014,31(2):287-301.
[2]HEAPS N S.Storm surges[J].Geophysical Journal International,1983,74(1):331-376.
[3]JELESNIANSKI C P.SPLASH:Part 1.Landfall storms[M].United States:NOAA Natiounal Weather Service,1972:52-53.
[4]JELESNIANSKI C P,CHEN J,WILSON A S.Slosh:sea,lake and overland surges from hurricam[M].MD:NOAATechnical Report NWS,1992:48-71.
[5]陈吉余.开发浅海滩涂资源拓展我国的生存空间[J].中国工程科学,2000,2(3):27-31.CHEN Jiyu.Exploiting shoal resources in shallow sea,expanding our living space[J].Engineering Science,2000,2(3):27-31.(in Chinese)
[6]姚炎明,沈益锋,周大成,等.山溪性强潮河口围垦工程对潮流的影响[J].水力发电学报,2005,24(2):25-29.YAO Yanming,SHEN Yifeng,ZHOU Dacheng,et al.Influences of reclamation in a hilly,fluvial and macrotidal estuary on tidal flow[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2005,24(2):25-29.(in Chinese)
[7]郑敬云.河口地区围涂开发的水环境动力特征研究[D].北京:清华大学,2010.ZHENG Jingyun.Study on dynamical characteristics of the water environment during estuary reclamation[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2010.(in Chinese)
[8]MIKHAILOV V,MIKHAILOVA M.Tides and storm surges in the Thames River Estuary[J].Water Resources,2012,39(4):351-365.
[9]GUO Y,ZHANG J,ZHANG L,et al.Computational investigation of typhoon-induced storm surge in Hangzhou Bay,China[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2009,85(4):530-536.
[10]ZHAO P,JIANG W S.A numerical study of the effects of coastal geometry in the Bohai Sea on storm surges induced by cold-air outbreaks[J].Journal of Ocean University of China(Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research),2011,10(1):9-15.
[11]DING Y M,WEI H.Modeling the impact of land reclamation on storm surges in Bohai Sea,China[J].Natural Hazards,2016,85(1):1-15.
[12]TEBALDI C,STRAUSS B H,ZERVAS C E.Modelling sea level rise impacts on storm surges along US coasts[J].Environmental Research Letters,2012,7(1):014032.
[13]SHEPARD C C,AGOSTINI V N,GILMER B,et al.Assessing future risk:quantifying the effects of sea level rise on storm surge risk for the southern shores of Long Island,New York[J].Natural Hazards,2012,60(2):727-745.
[14]ZHANG K,LI Y,LIU H,et al.Comparison of three methods for estimating the sea level rise effect on storm surge flooding[J].Climatic Change,2013,118(2):487-500.
[15]郭聪,孙志林,郑浩磊,等.河口冲淤对围垦的响应[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2016,50(9):1791-1797.GUO Cong,SUN Zhilin,ZHENG Haolei,et al.Response of estuarine erosion and deposition to reclamation in estuary[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2016,50(9):1791-1797.(in Chinese)
[16]郭聪,傅菁菁,孙志林.椒江河口潮流泥沙对集群围垦的响应[C]//第十八届中国海洋(岸)工程学术讨论会论文集.2017:1146-1152.GUO Cong,FU Jingjing,SUN Zhilin.Response of estuarine tidal current and sand to cluster reclamation in Jiaojiang estuary[C]//Proceedings of the 18th China Ocean(Coastal)Engineering Symposium,2017:1146-1152.(in Chinese)
[17]池云飞.台州湾岸滩演变分析及其滩涂围垦的可持续研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2010.CHI Yunfei.Study of evolution and sustainable reclamation of mud flats in Taizhou Estuary[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2010.(in Chinese)
[18]SUN Z L,HUANG S J,JIAO J G,et al.Effects of cluster land reclamation projects on storm surge in Jiaojiang Estuary,China[J].Water Science and Engineering,2017,10(1):59-69.
[19]黄森军.浙江近岸台风暴潮及冲淤研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2017.HUANG Senjun.Investigation on storm surge and erosion-deposition in Zhejiang coastal waters[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2017.(in Chinese)
[20]谢亚力,黄世昌,王瑞锋,等.钱塘江河口围涂对杭州湾风暴潮影响数值模拟[J].海洋工程,2007,25(3):61-67.XIE Yali,HUANG Shichang,WANG Ruifeng,et al.Numerical simulation of effects of reclamation in Qiantang Estuary on storm surge at Hangzhou Bay[J].the Ocean Engineering,2007,25(3):61-67.(in Chinese)
[21]HOLLAND G J.An analytic model of the wind and pressure profiles in hurricanes[J].Monthly Weather Review,1980,108(8):1212-1218.
[22]CHU J H,SAMPSON C R,LEVINE A S,et al.The joint typhoon warning center tropical cyclone best-tracks,1945-2000[R].Ref.NRL/MR/7540‐02,2002,16.
[23]YING M,ZHANG W,YU H,et al.An overview of the China Meteorological Administration tropical cyclone database[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,2014,31(2):287-301.