石灰氮与氮肥不同配比对连作花生病害及产量的影响
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摘要
大田条件下,研究了石灰氮与普通氮肥不同配比对连作花生出苗率、茎腐病发生、主要农艺性状及产量和品质的影响。结果表明:(1)本试验用量范围内,低、中量(225 kg/hm2和450 kg/hm2)石灰氮处理的花生出苗率略高于高用量(675 kg/hm2)处理,但处理间差异未达显著水平。(2)随石灰氮用量增加,花生茎腐病病情指数降低,防效提高,低、中、高3个用量平均病情指数分别比对照降低8.4、12.7、15.5个百分点,平均防效分别达24.7%、37.3%和45.4%。(3)石灰氮与氮肥配施对叶龄数、主茎高、侧枝长等农艺性状有一定促进作用,但只有部分达到显著水平。(4)荚果产量随石灰氮用量的增加而增加,低、中、高3个用量分别增产9.6%、11.8%和13.6%;普通氮肥增产率远低于石灰氮;所有处理中以石灰氮和普通氮肥高量组合(675 kg/hm2+90 kg/hm2)增产效果最好,高达15.2%。
A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of combined application of calcium cyanamide and nitrogen fertilizer on emergence rate,stem rot,main agronomic characters,yield and quality of continuous cropping peanut. The results were as follows.(1)The emergence rate of low and medium application rate of calcium cyanamide were a little more than those of high application rate treatment. But no significant difference was found among all treatments.(2)The disease index of stem rot decreased and the control effect raised with the increase of calcium cyanamide application rate. Compared to control,the average disease index of calcium cyanamide treatments with low,medium and high rate decreased by 8. 4,12. 7 and 15. 5 percent points,and the average control effect reached 24. 7%,37. 3% and 45. 4%.(3)Combined applying calcium cyanamide and nitrogen fertilizer had certain promotion effects on some agronomic characters,including leafage,main stem height,branch length and so on. But significant differences were found only among some treatments.(4)Pod yield increased with the increase of calcium cyanamide rate,which increased by 9. 5%,11. 8% and 13. 6% under low,medium and high calcium cyanamide application rate compared to control,respectively. The yield increasing rate of normal nitrogen fertilizer was far below that of calcium cyanamide. The yield-increasing effect of combined applying calcium cyanamide and nitrogen fertilizer at high rate was the best as 15. 2%.
A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of combined application of calcium cyanamide and nitrogen fertilizer on emergence rate,stem rot,main agronomic characters,yield and quality of continuous cropping peanut. The results were as follows.(1)The emergence rate of low and medium application rate of calcium cyanamide were a little more than those of high application rate treatment. But no significant difference was found among all treatments.(2)The disease index of stem rot decreased and the control effect raised with the increase of calcium cyanamide application rate. Compared to control,the average disease index of calcium cyanamide treatments with low,medium and high rate decreased by 8. 4,12. 7 and 15. 5 percent points,and the average control effect reached 24. 7%,37. 3% and 45. 4%.(3)Combined applying calcium cyanamide and nitrogen fertilizer had certain promotion effects on some agronomic characters,including leafage,main stem height,branch length and so on. But significant differences were found only among some treatments.(4)Pod yield increased with the increase of calcium cyanamide rate,which increased by 9. 5%,11. 8% and 13. 6% under low,medium and high calcium cyanamide application rate compared to control,respectively. The yield increasing rate of normal nitrogen fertilizer was far below that of calcium cyanamide. The yield-increasing effect of combined applying calcium cyanamide and nitrogen fertilizer at high rate was the best as 15. 2%.
引文
[1]刘美昌,郑亚萍,王才斌,等.连作对花生生育的影响及其缓解措施研究[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(9):144-148.
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[5]尹睿,张华勇,黄锦法,等.保护地菜田与稻麦轮作田土壤微生物学特征的比较[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(1):57-62.
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[7]戴传超,谢慧,王兴祥,等.间作药材与接种内生真菌对连作花生土壤微生物区系及产量的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(8):2105-2111.
[8]王献慧,梁志怀,魏林,等.哈茨木霉T2-16菌剂不同使用方法对花生防病促生长效果的研究[J].花生学报,2012,41(2):24-27.
[9]张翔,毛家伟,司贤宗,等.不同种类有机肥与钼肥配施对连作花生生长发育及产量、品质的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2014,36(4):489-493.
[10]葛洪滨,刘宗发,马众文,等.不同杀菌剂对连作花生叶斑病的防治效果及产量的影响[J].花生学报,2014,43(1):52-55.
[11]葛洪滨,刘宗发,徐宝庆,等.不同土壤消毒剂对连作花生的病害及产量的影响[J].江西农业学报,2013,25(2):37-39.
[2]徐瑞富,王小龙.花生连作田土壤微生物群落动态与土壤养分关系研究[J].花生学报,2003,32(3):19-24.
[3]黄玉茜,韩晓日,杨劲峰,等.花生连作土壤微生物区系变化研究[J].土壤通报,2011,42(3):552-556.
[4]郑亚萍,王才斌,黄顺之,等.花生连作障碍及其缓解措施研究进展[J].中国油料作物学报,2008,30(3):384-388.
[5]尹睿,张华勇,黄锦法,等.保护地菜田与稻麦轮作田土壤微生物学特征的比较[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(1):57-62.
[6]封海胜,张思苏.解除花生连作障碍的对策研究:Ⅱ.连作花生专用肥的增产效果[J].花生科技,1996(2):14-17.
[7]戴传超,谢慧,王兴祥,等.间作药材与接种内生真菌对连作花生土壤微生物区系及产量的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(8):2105-2111.
[8]王献慧,梁志怀,魏林,等.哈茨木霉T2-16菌剂不同使用方法对花生防病促生长效果的研究[J].花生学报,2012,41(2):24-27.
[9]张翔,毛家伟,司贤宗,等.不同种类有机肥与钼肥配施对连作花生生长发育及产量、品质的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2014,36(4):489-493.
[10]葛洪滨,刘宗发,马众文,等.不同杀菌剂对连作花生叶斑病的防治效果及产量的影响[J].花生学报,2014,43(1):52-55.
[11]葛洪滨,刘宗发,徐宝庆,等.不同土壤消毒剂对连作花生的病害及产量的影响[J].江西农业学报,2013,25(2):37-39.