风电机组风洞测试的阻塞效应分析
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摘要
风洞测试具有方便、快捷和高效的优势,在风电机组输出功率特性测试中应用较多。测试风轮直径较大时,由于存在风洞堵塞效应,会对测试结果造成影响。以300 W风电机组作为研究对象,分别采用风洞测试和车载测试进行输出功率特性测试。测试过程采用负载法,分别以电阻和蓄电池作为负载进行测试。在风洞截面为3 m×3 m的试验段中测试。机组空载启动风速为4. 3～4. 8 m/s;以电阻为负载时的额定风速为6. 2 m/s;在车载测试中,机组空载启动风速为5. 7～6. 2 m/s,以电阻为负载时的额定风速为8. 1 m/s。风洞测试比车载测试的启动风速低1. 4 m/s,占车载测试启动风速的24. 6%,比车载测试额定风速低1. 9 m/s,占车载测试额定风速的23. 5%。风轮直径2. 3 m,其扫掠面积占风洞试验段截面面积的46. 2%,风洞的堵塞效应较大,致风洞测试数据与车载测试数据相差较大,因此风洞测试后需要修正。
Wind tunnel test has the advantages of convenience,speed and efficiency,and is widely used in wind turbine power characteristics test. When the diameter of the test rotor is large,the test results will be affected by the clogging effect of wind tunnel. The 300 W wind turbine was used as the research object,and the output power characteristics test was performed using the wind tunnel test and the vehicle test respectively. The test process used a load method with resistance and the battery as the load. The test was carried out in a test segment with a wind tunnel section of 3 m × 3 m. The no-load starting wind speed of wind turbine is 4. 3 ～ 4. 8 m/s. The rated wind speed when the resistance is the load is 6. 2 m/s. In the vehicle test,the wind turbine's no-load starting wind speed is 5. 7 ～ 6. 2 m/s,and the rated wind speed when the resistance is the load is 8. 1 m/s. The starting wind speed of the wind tunnel test is 1. 4 m/s lower than that of the vehicle test,accounting for 24. 6% of the starting wind speed of the vehicle test,and the rated wind speed of the wind tunnel test is 1. 9 m/s lower than that of the vehicle test,accounting for 23. 5% of the rated wind speed of the vehicle test. The diameter of the rotor is 2. 3 m,and its swept area accounts for 46. 2% of the cross-sectional area of the wind tunnel test section. The clogging effect of the wind tunnel is large,which results in a large difference between the wind tunnel test data and the vehicle test data. so it needs to be corrected after the wind tunnel test.
Wind tunnel test has the advantages of convenience,speed and efficiency,and is widely used in wind turbine power characteristics test. When the diameter of the test rotor is large,the test results will be affected by the clogging effect of wind tunnel. The 300 W wind turbine was used as the research object,and the output power characteristics test was performed using the wind tunnel test and the vehicle test respectively. The test process used a load method with resistance and the battery as the load. The test was carried out in a test segment with a wind tunnel section of 3 m × 3 m. The no-load starting wind speed of wind turbine is 4. 3 ～ 4. 8 m/s. The rated wind speed when the resistance is the load is 6. 2 m/s. In the vehicle test,the wind turbine's no-load starting wind speed is 5. 7 ～ 6. 2 m/s,and the rated wind speed when the resistance is the load is 8. 1 m/s. The starting wind speed of the wind tunnel test is 1. 4 m/s lower than that of the vehicle test,accounting for 24. 6% of the starting wind speed of the vehicle test,and the rated wind speed of the wind tunnel test is 1. 9 m/s lower than that of the vehicle test,accounting for 23. 5% of the rated wind speed of the vehicle test. The diameter of the rotor is 2. 3 m,and its swept area accounts for 46. 2% of the cross-sectional area of the wind tunnel test section. The clogging effect of the wind tunnel is large,which results in a large difference between the wind tunnel test data and the vehicle test data. so it needs to be corrected after the wind tunnel test.
引文
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2 包道日娜,常征,代文平,等.基于IEC标准的小型风力发电机功率特性测试数据处理方法的研究[J].可再生能源,2014,32(5):649-654Bao Daorina,Chang Zheng,Dai Wenping,et al. Research on data processing method for power performance measurements of small wind turbine based on IEC standard[J]. Renewable Energy Resources,2014,32(5):649-654
3 刘国光,武志玮,徐有华.考虑群体效应的高层建筑风力发电可行性风洞试验研究[J].科技通报,2015,31(11):181-185Liu Guoguang,Wu Zhiwei,Xu Youhua. Wind tunnel test study on the feasibility of high-rise building wind power generation considering group effect[J]. Bulletin of Science and Technology,2015,31(11):181-185
4 辛海升,田德,陈松利,等. 600 W浓缩风能型风力发电机输出特性测试与研究[J].太阳能学报,2013(10):1720-1723Xin Haisheng,Tian De,Chen Songli,et al. Experiment and study on output characterestics of 600 W concentrated wind energy turbine[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2013(10):1720-1723
5 缪仁豪.海岛小型垂直轴风力机气动性能的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2017Miao Renhao. Research on aerodynamic performance of small vertical axis wind turbine on islands[D]. Tianjin:Tianjin University,2017
6 霍玉雷.低噪高效碟形风力机气动性能研究[D].杭州:浙江工业大学,2016Huo Yulei. Study on aerodynamic performance of dish shaped wind turbine with low noise and high efficiency[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University of Technology,2016
7 韩巧丽,田德,王海宽,等.浓缩风能型风力发电机相似模型流场特性试验——车载法试验与分析[J].农业工程学报,2007(1):110-115Han Qiaoli,Tian De,Wang Haikuan,et al. Test of flow field characteristics of the resembled model of concentrated wind energy turbine outside truck-mounted test and analysis[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2007(1):110-115
8 赵丹平.风力发电机组叶片模型气动载荷研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009Zhao Danping. Aerodynamic load experiment of wind turbine blade model[D]. Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2009
9 谢园奇.不同翼型风电机组风轮叶片的气动设计与模拟实验[D].北京:华北电力大学(北京),2009Xie Yuanqi. The aerodynamic design and simulation experiment of different airfoil wind turbine blades[D]. Beijing:North China Electric Power University(Beijing),2009
10 伍荣林,王振羽.风洞设计原理[M].北京:北京航空学院出版社,1985Wu Ronglin,Wang Zhenyu. Principle of wind tunnel design[M].Beijing:Beihang University Press,1985
11 李明,田德,王海宽,等.变桨距风力发电机组叶片模型的载荷测试实验[J].太阳能学报,2013(9):1574-1578Li Ming,Tian De,Wang Haikuan,et al. Load test experiment of variable pitch wind turbine rotor blade model[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2013(9):1574-1578