改良分类法处置放射性废物效果的研究
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摘要
目的采用改良分类法对放射性废物库进行分类管理并处置放射性废物;测定放射性废物库辐射波动情况研究其运行效果。方法通过以半衰期相同、相近的分类法对放射性废弃物进行分类,放射性废物采用货架式存放,放射性实验动物尸体采用醇性固定液浸泡防腐;放射性废弃物进、出库前、后对现场辐射水平进行监测。结果改良分类法处置放射性废物后放射性废物库总存量中的多数放射性废物能在较短时间内达到免管废物效果,放射性废弃物的总存量大幅减少到近37%水平。结论处置流程简洁、合理,值得在众多医疗、科研等中、低强度放射性应用单位推广试用。
Objective To carry out the classification management of radioactive wastes by the modified classification method and measure the radiation and fluctuation of radioactive wastes and research their operational effects. Methods The radioactive wastes were classified by the same and similar classification method during half-life, the radioactive wastes were stored on shelves, the radioactive experimental animal carcass were soaked for anticorrosion by the alcohol stationary liquid,and the scenic radiation levels were monitored before and after entering and leaving the warehouse. Results Most radioactive wastes in the total stock after the radioactive wastes were disposed by the modified classification method could reach the effect of exempting waste in a short time, and the total stock of radioactive wastes greatly decreased to 37% or so. Conclusion The disposing course is easy and rational, which is worth promotion and application in the medium-level and lowlevel radioactive units such as medical and research units.
Objective To carry out the classification management of radioactive wastes by the modified classification method and measure the radiation and fluctuation of radioactive wastes and research their operational effects. Methods The radioactive wastes were classified by the same and similar classification method during half-life, the radioactive wastes were stored on shelves, the radioactive experimental animal carcass were soaked for anticorrosion by the alcohol stationary liquid,and the scenic radiation levels were monitored before and after entering and leaving the warehouse. Results Most radioactive wastes in the total stock after the radioactive wastes were disposed by the modified classification method could reach the effect of exempting waste in a short time, and the total stock of radioactive wastes greatly decreased to 37% or so. Conclusion The disposing course is easy and rational, which is worth promotion and application in the medium-level and lowlevel radioactive units such as medical and research units.
引文
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[4]环境保护部令第25号.放射性固体废物贮存和处置许可管理办法[s].北京:中国标准出版社,2013.
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[9]张艳霞,李锦,李宏宇,等.核电厂流出物低水平放射性核素排放量统计方法实验研究[J].辐射防护,2015,35(3):170-175.
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[12]魏新渝,马鸿宾,熊小伟,等.最佳可行技术及其在放射性废物管理中的应用[J].研究与探讨,2012(4):2-6
[13]张巧娥,杨丽丽,曲云欢,等.浅析我国放射性废物管理法规标准现状[M].中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集,2012:1029-1033.
[14]吕涛,李昶,杨球玉,等.高放废物地质处置库热学分析的参数敏感性研究[J].辐射防护,2015,35(2):71-77.
[15]黄雅文.我国放射性废物管理模式涉及的主要方面[J].辐射防护,1999,19(6):462-465.
[16]中华人民共和国卫生部.医用放射性废物的卫生防护管理[s].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[2]刘新华,徐春艳,汪萍,等.对放射性废物分类管理的几点思考[J]辐射防护,2013,33(5):322-326.
[3]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB14500-2002放射性废物管理规定[s].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[4]环境保护部令第25号.放射性固体废物贮存和处置许可管理办法[s].北京:中国标准出版社,2013.
[5]张红见,刘森林.放射性废物分类的依据[J].中国原子能科学研究院年报,2011:269-271
[6]申红.我国放射性废物管理标准现状分析及建议[J]中国核电,2011,4(1):83-86
[7]核工业第二研究设计院.GB9133-1995放射性废物的分类[s].北京:中国标准出版社,1995.
[8]中华人民共和国卫生部.GBZ120-2006临床核医学放射卫生防护标准[s].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[9]张艳霞,李锦,李宏宇,等.核电厂流出物低水平放射性核素排放量统计方法实验研究[J].辐射防护,2015,35(3):170-175.
[10]郭喜良,孙庆红,谷存礼.放射性废物管理的法规标准[J]辐射防护通讯,2009,29(2):34-41
[11]中华人民共和国国务院令第612号.放射性废物安全管理条例[s].北京:中国标准出版社,2012.
[12]魏新渝,马鸿宾,熊小伟,等.最佳可行技术及其在放射性废物管理中的应用[J].研究与探讨,2012(4):2-6
[13]张巧娥,杨丽丽,曲云欢,等.浅析我国放射性废物管理法规标准现状[M].中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集,2012:1029-1033.
[14]吕涛,李昶,杨球玉,等.高放废物地质处置库热学分析的参数敏感性研究[J].辐射防护,2015,35(2):71-77.
[15]黄雅文.我国放射性废物管理模式涉及的主要方面[J].辐射防护,1999,19(6):462-465.
[16]中华人民共和国卫生部.医用放射性废物的卫生防护管理[s].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.